Spondylocostal dysostosis with type II split cord malformation: A report of a rare case and brief review of the literature.

Spondylocostal dysostosis (Jarcho Levin syndrome) is a rare costovertebral malformation syndrome that will result in restrictive pulmonary physiology. It manifests its major components at birth. Split cord malformation, together with spondylocostal dysostosis, is even rarer. We hereby report our experience with diagnosing 1 infant with spondylocostal dysostosis and type II split cord malformation using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. We also present a concise summary of previously published case reports and case series involving patients with concurrent spondylocostal dysostosis and split cord malformations.

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis: A rare cause of intestinal obstruction in 2 patients.

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a very rare cause of intestinal obstruction. It usually follows peritoneal dialysis. The idiopathic form is also called abdominal cocoon and is more common in tropical and subtropical regions. We hereby present the clinical histories and imaging findings of 2 confirmed cases of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis who presented with chronic symptoms of bowel obstruction.

Rare presentation of a rare disease: Bilateral congenital lobar overinflation.

Congenital lobar overinflation is a rare but well-recognized congenital cause of neonatal and infantile respiratory distress. At times, the condition can mimic other congenital or acquired diseases and have atypical distribution and imaging patterns. Lobectomy of the involved lobe(s) is curative. We present our experience with 3 surgically confirmed cases of congenital lobar overinflation. Referral papers, patient's charts, including operation notes, and radiographic records were reviewed. All of them were initially misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed based on the initial radiographic examination alone. All 3 were referred to our center with respiratory distress, and the first 2 were treated with antibiotics prior to the settlement of their diagnosis. Chest computed tomography was key in diagnosing all 3 cases. The first patient was a 10-day-old neonate diagnosed with bilateral congenital lobar overinflation. The second patient was a 2-month-old infant diagnosed with right middle lobe disease. In these 2 cases, the initial assessment of the vascularity was atypically excessive in the affected lobe(s). Eventually, correlation with typical concurrent imaging features and the clinical condition of the patients led to the correct diagnosis. The third case was a 4-month-old infant with left upper lobe congenital lobar overinflation. All cases underwent successful surgical treatment. Congenital lobar overinflation is a rare anomaly, and multiple-lobe involvement is even rarer. Vascularity within the affected lobes is a subjective assessment that can be overestimated, leading to confusion, and a feature that needs correlation with other common imaging features and the clinical course of patients.

Hypercalcemia in a 5-Year-Old Child with Disseminated Tuberculosis: Case Report and Literature Review.

In tuberculous patient, abnormal extrarenal production of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by activated macrophages results in hypercalcemia. High calcium level associated with tuberculosis is frequent in adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis even though most patients are asymptomatic, while hypercalcemia in children due to disseminated tuberculosis is rare. Here, we described a case of a 5-year-old who presented with cough and right anterior chest swelling of two-month duration with an Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 144mm/hour, and a high serum ionized calcium level of 1.46millimol/L. With the epidemiologically prevalence, clinical and radiological imaging findings the diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis to lung, pleura, lymph node, liver and bone was made, and the child was started with the anti-tuberculosis treatment, hypercalcemia was attributed to the disseminated tuberculosis precipitated by high calcium meal intake and excessive sun exposure. Tuberculosis can be complicated with hypercalcemia; care must be taken in supplementing vitamin D and high calcium meals especially in high sun exposure geographic areas.