Ameloblastoma With the Hybrid Desmoplastic and Plexiform Pattern: A Case Report.

Ameloblastoma is an epithelial odontogenic tumor with a benign nature and demonstrates local aggressiveness. It frequently occurs between the third and fifth decades of life, showing significant gender predilection. While typically displaying a benign growth pattern, it tends to invade and sporadically metastasize locally. Ameloblastoma is predominantly found in the posterior regions. Periodic recur commonly follows insufficient treatment. Hence, conducting thorough identification of tumors and management is crucial to prevent relapse. Complications and improved prognosis are associated with meticulous surgical techniques, regular follow-up care, and early detection of recurrence. This study presented a report of a 19-year-old male with swelling in the left lower jaw, detailing its area of complaint, radiographic findings, histopathologic characteristics, and different treatment approaches. The uniqueness of the case is the hybrid histopathology of ameloblastoma composed of plexiform and desmoplastic variants.

Mucormycosis, the Black Fungus in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report with Review of Literature.

Mucormycosis, a concerning and often fatal fungal infection, has shown a significant rise in cases following the COVID-19 pandemic in India, particularly affecting patients with uncontrolled comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and other immunocompromised individuals. Our case series examines five instances of mucormycosis, supported by appropriate radiographic and histopathological evidence correlating with clinical observations. Our review indicated that patients were experiencing ailments or undergoing treatments that compromised their immune systems. We analyzed additional epidemiological data, including common infection sites, gender predispositions, and mortality rates. Treatments were tailored based on symptom severity, encompassing both surgical and medical approaches. The primary reason for the rise in cases was linked to elevated glycaemic levels and weakened immunity among post-COVID-19 patients. The report provides a detailed explanation of the factors contributing to this correlation. Our findings underscore the critical importance of timely surgical intervention and advocate for further investigation into treatment efficacy and symptom monitoring specific to mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 patients in India.

Assessment of Bone Invasion and Its Correlation With Brandwein-Gensler Criteria in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background The most prevalent form of head-neck cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Apart from all sites like the tongue, labial mucosa, and buccal mucosa, the prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is more common in gingivobuccal sulcus due to the habit of keeping tobacco quid. With regards to anatomical relationships in the mouth and proximity to bone, OSCC invades the maxilla and mandible. However, bone invasion significantly influences the pathological staging of OSCC. Histological parameters such as Brandwein-Gensler worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), lymphocytic host response (LHR), and perineural invasion (PNI) hold significance for determining the need for adjuvant therapy. This study aims to correlate Brandwein-Gensler Criteria (BGC) with bone invasion and also to include the bone invasion criteria as a prognostic parameter in OSCC. This study aimed to assess bone invasion and correlate it with Brandwein-Gensler criteria in OSCC. Methods The research was conducted retrospectively, analyzing 65 cases of OSCC that underwent surgical intervention. Data was gathered from the Oral Pathology department's archives at Sharad Pawar Dental College (SPDC), Wardha. Pathologists assessed bone invasion without the knowledge of other factors to minimize bias. Subsequently, the cases were classified into well-differentiated (WDSCC), moderately differentiated (MDSCC), and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (PDSCC) based on histological grading, followed by the evaluation of WPOI, LHR, and PNI using the Brandwein-Gensler risk scoring system. Results This study found a notable association between bone invasion and BGC, with a calculated significance level of p = 0.047. LHR shows patterns as 1, 2, and 3. There were five (7.6%) cases with pattern III, 45 (69.23%) cases with pattern II, and 15 (23.08%) cases with pattern I. Similarly, PNI is scored as 0, 1, and 3. There were seven (10.77%) cases with score 3, 17 (26.15%) with score 1, and 41 (63.03%) with score 0. In the case of the WOPI, which is classified as patterns I to V, there were seven (10.77%) cases with pattern V, 27 (41.54%) cases with pattern IV, 23 (35.38%) cases with pattern III, and eight (12.231%) cases with pattern II, whereas no cases were noted with pattern I. Conclusion Although bone invasion and BGC are independent parameters, the BGC score should be considered in treatment planning. Patients with bone invasion and those with a higher BGC score should be strongly considered for adjuvant treatment.

Unusual Presentation of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Tongue: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor that affects the salivary glands. Its notable characteristics include aggressive local growth, infiltration of nerves (perineural invasion), a propensity to disseminate to other parts of the body (metastasize), and a high likelihood of recurrence. Here, we present the case of a 71-year-old male patient who presented with swelling on the posterior left side of his tongue, which had been causing him difficulty in chewing for the past six months. The parotid gland is frequently impacted in the head and neck area, with the tongue being comparatively uncommon. While distant metastasis is frequent, metastasis to nearby lymph nodes is not as common. However, if it does occur, it is associated with a poor prognosis and reduces the average survival age of the patient. The preferred treatment for ACC is surgical removal with wide resected margins. If it metastasizes to lymph nodes, then adjunct therapy is the treatment modality for the lesion. ACC exhibits three histopathological patterns: solid, tubular, and cribriform. The solid type is associated with a poorer prognosis compared to cribriform type, which typically has a better prognosis. This case, occurring on the tongue, is rare.

Spindle Cell Carcinoma of Buccal Mucosa: An Unusual Presentation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common carcinoma in the H&N (head and neck) region, in which squamous cells show variability in differentiation like basaloid, glandular, and spindle cells. Spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) is an unusual variant of SCC that is aggressive in nature and has the ability to recur and metastasize. The presence of malignant mesenchymal and squamous epithelial cells gives it a biphasic nature. So, we present a case of SpCC of buccal mucosa in a 45-year-old male who had an ulcerated growth on his left buccal mucosa that had been present for two years.

Cherubism Unmasked: A Case Report of Clinical and Histopathological Presentation.

Cherubism, an uncommon genetic disorder, manifests as painless swelling in both jaws. A 20-year-old male presented with symmetrical swelling in both the mandible and maxilla. The jaws exhibited bilateral expansion, typical of this condition. Dentofacial abnormalities associated with cherubism stem from mutations in the SH3BP2 gene, which plays a crucial role in regulating osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In summary, cherubism is a genetic disorder characterized by non-cancerous jaw bone lesions. Surgical intervention may be necessary for functional or aesthetic concerns.

Surgical Excision of Localized Gingival Overgrowth Using Laser: A Case Report.

Gingival overgrowth, localized or generalized, is one of the leading causes of poor maintenance of oral hygiene. Excision of growth using laser should be the choice of treatment because laser helps maintain a blood-free surgical site during treatment and provides more patient comfort during and after the procedure. Lasers are commonly employed in many different applications, including scaling, root planning, cavity preparation, and excision of soft tissue growths in surgery. Laser therapy offers numerous benefits over traditional methods of treatment. These benefits have led to the growing use of lasers as dental treatment options in a variety of dental fields. In this case report, we are presenting a case of excision of localized gingival growth using a laser. Postoperative healing and maintenance of oral health were satisfied after laser surgery.

A Dermoid Cyst of the Head, Neck, and Face Region: A Case Report.

Dermoid cyst (DC), a rare benign tumor of developmental origin that develops from mesoderm and ectoderm, is frequently identified in children. DC refers to three cysts that are histologically related, namely, DC, epidermoid cyst, and teratoma. About 70% of DCs are discovered in children aged five years or younger, with the majority being congenital. DC of the head and neck are rare, accounting for only 7% of all such cysts. DC, or benign cutaneous tumors, tend to grow and persist. The presence of epithelial cells along the lines of embryonic closure results in a DC. It is always difficult to properly diagnose these lesions using clinical tests and conventional radiography. Histologically, a DC must have two germ cell layers, and the diagnosis can only be made with pathologic confirmation. Specialized imaging tests including CT, MRI, ultrasonography, and histological examinations should be performed to make a diagnosis and choose the best course of action for surgery.