ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recent reports have established that eye changes occur in patients treated with vigabatrin. AIM: To identify the eye changes associated with vigabatrin, based on a prospective study of children treated for seizures. METHODS: Twenty nine children on vigabatrin (mainly as add on therapy) were followed up for 6.5 years. Ophthalmic examination was performed before starting treatment and then six monthly in the outpatient clinic. RESULTS: Twenty one children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most had epileptic syndromes with infantile spasms-namely West syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and partial seizures. Vigabatrin dose was 25-114 mg/kg/day (mean 55.8); duration of therapy was 6-85 months (mean 35.7). Four children (19%) developed eye changes (retinal pigmentation, hypopigmented retinal spots, vascular sheathing, and optic atrophy). Visual evoked potentials were abnormal in 16 children. Electroretinography and electro-oculography, which could have picked up eye changes in early stages, were not performed, as this facility was not available. CONCLUSIONS: Vigabatrin causes eye damage. Most children with epileptic syndromes on vigabatrin cannot complain of their eye problems, hence 3-6 monthly ophthalmic follow up is strongly advised, along with regular electroretinography, electro-oculography, and visual evoked potentials if possible.
Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Vigabatrin/adverse effects , Adolescent , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Therapy, Combination , Evoked Potentials, Visual/drug effects , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Optic Atrophy/chemically induced , Pigmentation Disorders/chemically induced , Prospective Studies , Syndrome , Vigabatrin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
X-ray diffraction and X-ray micro-analyser studies of the traditional medicine bint al dhahab confirm that it is composed of two polymorphs of lead monoxide (PbO). These studies also show the presence of cadmium and a third complex monoxide of lead containing antimony. Bulk analyses show that the substance contains approximately 91 g of lead monoxide, 600 mg of antimony oxide, and 50 mg of cadmium per 100 g of bint al dhahab. This new information may assist physicians to devise appropriate treatment regimens for patients presenting with symptoms of toxicity.
