ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effects of WBV in clinical, cardiac, and ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) parameters of healthy young and aged male non-athletic dogs. Fourteen dogs were divided into two groups of seven animals: Group I (GI) - young dogs (12.0 and 84.0 months old); Group II (GII) - aged dogs (above 84.0 months old). Dogs were submitted to a single session of WBV (frequencies of 30 and 50 Hz), for 15-min. Variations were identified in the thickness of the interventricular septum and thickness of the left ventricle-free wall values: GI < GII at 5-min before the session. The diameter of the left atrium values showed a difference: GI < GII at 5-min before and 1-min after the session; and a decrease in GII between 5-min before and 1 min after the WBV. Several ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter) parameters demonstrated significant differences between both groups and time-points. A single session of WBV at frequencies of 30 and 50 Hz during 15-min by using a vibrating platform that delivered a vortex wave circulation did not induce significant changes in clinical, cardiac, and ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) parameters in healthy young and aged dogs.
O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos agudos da vibração de corpo inteiro (VCI) nos parâmetros clínicos, cardíacos e eletrocardiográficos ambulatoriais (Holter) de cães jovens e adultos hígidos sem raça definida e não atletas. Quatorze cães foram divididos em dois grupos de sete cães, de acordo com a idade: Grupo I (GI) - entre 12,0 e 84,0 meses; Grupo II (GII) - acima de 84,0 meses. Os cães foram submetidos à única sessão de VCI com frequências de 30 e 50 Hz, durante 15 minutos. Foram identificadas variações significativas na espessura do septo interventricular e da espessura da parede do ventrículo esquerdo: GI Subject(s)
Animals
, Male
, Vibration/therapeutic use
, Dogs
, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/veterinary
ABSTRACT
The allometric relationship between bodyweight (BW) and heart rate (HR) has been described as inversely proportional in domestic species, but that has been refuted. The relationship between HR and electrocardiographic variables is described in literature. However, studies about the variation and influence of factors on the hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters in dogs are not abundant. As the metabolic rate is defined as the production and dissipation of heat by the body surface area (BSA) in m², it is essential to define that relationship. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the correlation between HR, ECG parameters and BW in dogs. One thousand electrocardiographic tracings were analyzed in addition to the ECG parameters and clinical data such as gender, age and bodyweight. The determination of BSA was performed as follows: BSA (m2) = (10.1 x bodyweight 0.67) X 10-4. When the unified groups were analyzed, there was a negative but weak correlation (r= -0.14, P< 0.0001) between bodyweight and HR. There were differences between weight groups regarding electrocardiographic variables. There is no allometric relationship between BW and HR in dogs. Weight was associated with changes in ECG variables.(AU)
A relação alométrica entre peso corporal (PC) e frequência cardíaca (FC) foi descrita como inversamente proporcional em animais domésticos, mas isso tem sido refutado. A relação entre FC e variáveis eletrocardiográficas é descrita na literatura. No entanto, estudos sobre a variação e a influência de fatores nos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e eletrocardiográficos em cães não são abundantes. A taxa metabólica é definida como a produção e dissipação de calor pela área de superfície corporal (ASC), de modo que é essencial definir essa relação. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo para analisar a correlação entre FC, parâmetros eletrocardiográficos (ECG) e peso corporal em cães. Foram analisados mil traçados eletrocardiográficos, além dos parâmetros de ECG e dados clínicos, como gênero, idade e peso corporal. A determinação da ASC foi realizada da seguinte forma: ASC (m 2 ) = (10,1x peso corporal 0,67 ) x 10 -4 . Quando os grupos unificados foram analisados, houve uma correlação negativa, porém fraca (r= -0,14, P<0,0001) entre PC e FC. Houve diferenças entre os grupos de peso em relação às variáveis eletrocardiográficas. Não há relação alométrica entre PC e FC em cães. O peso foi associado a alterações nas variáveis de ECG.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Body Weight , Body Weights and Measures/veterinary , Electrocardiography/veterinary , Heart RateABSTRACT
The allometric relationship between bodyweight (BW) and heart rate (HR) has been described as inversely proportional in domestic species, but that has been refuted. The relationship between HR and electrocardiographic variables is described in literature. However, studies about the variation and influence of factors on the hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters in dogs are not abundant. As the metabolic rate is defined as the production and dissipation of heat by the body surface area (BSA) in m², it is essential to define that relationship. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the correlation between HR, ECG parameters and BW in dogs. One thousand electrocardiographic tracings were analyzed in addition to the ECG parameters and clinical data such as gender, age and bodyweight. The determination of BSA was performed as follows: BSA (m2) = (10.1 x bodyweight 0.67) X 10-4. When the unified groups were analyzed, there was a negative but weak correlation (r= -0.14, P< 0.0001) between bodyweight and HR. There were differences between weight groups regarding electrocardiographic variables. There is no allometric relationship between BW and HR in dogs. Weight was associated with changes in ECG variables.(AU)
A relação alométrica entre peso corporal (PC) e frequência cardíaca (FC) foi descrita como inversamente proporcional em animais domésticos, mas isso tem sido refutado. A relação entre FC e variáveis eletrocardiográficas é descrita na literatura. No entanto, estudos sobre a variação e a influência de fatores nos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e eletrocardiográficos em cães não são abundantes. A taxa metabólica é definida como a produção e dissipação de calor pela área de superfície corporal (ASC), de modo que é essencial definir essa relação. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo para analisar a correlação entre FC, parâmetros eletrocardiográficos (ECG) e peso corporal em cães. Foram analisados mil traçados eletrocardiográficos, além dos parâmetros de ECG e dados clínicos, como gênero, idade e peso corporal. A determinação da ASC foi realizada da seguinte forma: ASC (m 2 ) = (10,1x peso corporal 0,67 ) x 10 -4 . Quando os grupos unificados foram analisados, houve uma correlação negativa, porém fraca (r= -0,14, P<0,0001) entre PC e FC. Houve diferenças entre os grupos de peso em relação às variáveis eletrocardiográficas. Não há relação alométrica entre PC e FC em cães. O peso foi associado a alterações nas variáveis de ECG.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Body Weight , Body Weights and Measures/veterinary , Electrocardiography/veterinary , Heart RateABSTRACT
Ftz-f1 is an orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. A 20-hydroxyecdysone pulse allows ftz-f1 gene expression, which then regulates the activity of downstream genes involved in major developmental progression events. In honeybees, the expression of genes like vitellogenin (vg), prophenoloxidase and juvenile hormone-esterase during late pharate-adult development is known to be hormonally controlled in both queens and workers by increasing juvenile hormone (JH) titres in the presence of declining levels of ecdysteroids. Since Ftz-f1 is known for mediating intracellular JH signalling, we hypothesized that ftz-f1 could mediate JH action during the pharate-adult development of honeybees, thus controlling the expression of these genes. Here, we show that ftz-f1 has caste-specific transcription profiles during this developmental period, with a peak coinciding with the increase in JH titre, and that its expression is upregulated by JH and downregulated by ecdysteroids. RNAi-mediated knock down of ftz-f1 showed that the expression of genes essential for adult development (e.g. vg and cuticular genes) depends on ftz-f1 expression. Finally, a double-repressor hypothesis-inspired vg gene knock-down experiment suggests the existence of a positive molecular loop between JH, ftz-f1 and vg.
Subject(s)
Bees/metabolism , Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Animals , Bees/growth & development , Insect Proteins/metabolism , Juvenile Hormones/metabolism , Phenotype , RNA Interference , Vitellogenins/metabolismABSTRACT
In the past few years there has been increasing concern about the transmission of drug-resistant HIV. This study aimed to describe the frequency of primary mutations associated with HIV-1 drug resistance and the prevalence of genetic HIV subtypes in a population of vertically infected children before the initiation of HAART. At the time of genotypic testing, the median age was 6.0 years (IQR 25-75%: 3.8-9.2) and the median age at admission was 3.84 years (IQR 25-75%: 1.23-6.11). Antepartum maternal ARV exposure for PMTCT occurred for three (7.3%) mothers. According to the WHO criteria, primary ARV resistance mutations were detected in four out of 41 (9.8%) children. Subtype B was the most prevalent (63.4%). The relatively high prevalence of primary HIV-1 DRMs in this cohort of perinatally infected children in Brazil supports the local recommendation to perform resistance testing in all newly diagnosed children, regardless of age at diagnosis and antenatal ARV exposure.
Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Viral , HIV Infections/virology , HIV-1/genetics , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Mutation, Missense , Viral Proteins/genetics , Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , Brazil , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Female , Genotype , HIV Infections/transmission , HIV-1/classification , HIV-1/drug effects , HIV-1/isolation & purification , Humans , Infant , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Prevalence , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
The major human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype circulating in Brazil is B, followed by F and C. We have genotyped 882 samples from Brazilian patients for whom highly active antiretroviral therapy failed, and we found subtype B and the unique recombinant B/F1 forms circulating. Due to codon usage variation, there is a significantly lower incidence of the substitutions L210W, Q151M, and F116Y in subtype F1 isolates than in the subtype B counterparts.
Subject(s)
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Codon/genetics , Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV-1/drug effects , Mutation , Brazil , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Female , Genotype , HIV Infections/virology , HIV Protease/genetics , HIV Reverse Transcriptase/genetics , HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy , HIV Seropositivity/virology , HIV-1/classification , HIV-1/genetics , Humans , Male , RNA, Viral/blood , Treatment FailureABSTRACT
The I50V protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutation was found in 87.4% of protease gene fragments sequenced from 199 nucleic acid isolates extracted using an NASBA virus load assay, performed between 1997 and 2001 in Brazil. This mutation is an amprenavir-related mutation, and at that particular time this PI was seldom used in Brazil. This mutation was found both in patients with and without therapeutic success. Q calibrators showed the PI resistance mutation I50V when directly amplified and sequenced from the 423-bp PCR product targeting protease gene. The majority of the patients' samples had a mixture of I50I and I50V; however, this artifact was nor seen when a 989-bp PCR product was used. These results show that RNA extracted using virus load kits need to be critically evaluated before being used in home-brew genotypic tests.
Subject(s)
False Positive Reactions , HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology , HIV-1/genetics , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/standards , Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics , HIV Infections/genetics , HIV Infections/virology , HIV Protease/genetics , HIV Protease/metabolism , HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , HIV-1/drug effects , Humans , Mutation , RNA, Viral/analysis , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/statistics & numerical data , Viral LoadABSTRACT
The biocatalytic potential of Bipolaris sorokiniana was investigated in its ability to modify the monoterpene geraniol and the sesquiterpene alpha-bisabolol as exogenous substrates, using phosphate buffer as reaction medium. The cultures showed a promising oxidative profile, with conversion of geraniol to 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (74.9% yield) in a 5-day incubation and alpha-bisabolol to bisabolol oxide B (84.2% yield), in a 7-day incubation.
Subject(s)
Ascomycota/metabolism , Sesquiterpenes/metabolism , Terpenes/metabolism , Acyclic Monoterpenes , Bioreactors , Biotechnology , Biotransformation , Culture Media , Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry , Terpenes/chemistryABSTRACT
We report an improved method for the detection and identification of mycobacteria using PCR and the heteroduplex mobility shift assay (HMA). The HMA for detection of mycobacteria was based on the microheterogeneity within the DNA coding sequences for 16S rRNA. A remarkable shift between single-stranded, heteroduplex and homoduplex bands in PAGE was observed among the Mycobacterium spp. tested. The Mycobacteria HMA (MHMA) of amplified PCR products from mycobacteria DNA coding for 16S rDNA derived from culture showed a specific heteroduplexes formed among different Mycobacterium species. Other bacterium species were distinguished from Mycobaterium due to slow migrating heteroduplexes mobility bands observed when M. bovis (BCG), M. avium, or M. fortuitum were used as a standard. The specific heteroduplexes were detected when as little as 1 etag of DNA template was used, although better results were obtained with 5 etag and when PCR products of sample test and mycobacterium standard were mixed at a ratio of 1.8. To correctly evaluate the feasibility of using MHMA to detect and identify mycobacteria, 15 clinical sample patients were tested. All MTB-positive clinical samples were identified by MHMA as well as the negative samples. In addition, MHMA will, in principle, be applicable to the detection and classification of any microorganism showing differences within the 16S rRNA as well as to the identification of new and unrecognized bacterial species.
Subject(s)
Heteroduplex Analysis , Mycobacterium/genetics , Base Sequence , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Mycobacterium/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sputum/microbiologyABSTRACT
A 73 year-old white male, living in the interior of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in central Brazil, after an initial diagnosis of sinusitis was transferred to the neurology service with a 3-day evolution of intracranial hypertension. Exams showed lymphocytic leukemia and a tumor-like lesion, either an expanding inflammatory process such as an abscess or a neoplasm. Treatment with Ceftriaxone and Decadron was started and intracranial hypertension was controlled. Methotrexate was injected on the occasion of the next puncture considering a possible leukemia infiltration. Flagellate forms of T. cruzi were observed in the CSF and treatment with Benznidazole was started. After 4 days the CSF presented fractionated forms of trypomastigotes. The protein level was 27%. Signs of intracranial hypertension ceased. Tomography and magnetic resonance images showed an important reduction of the tumor-like lesion. The clinical condition of the patient improved.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/parasitology , Chagas Disease/complications , Leukemia, Lymphoid/complications , Aged , Animals , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Brain Diseases/drug therapy , Brain Diseases/etiology , Chagas Disease/cerebrospinal fluid , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphoid/diagnosis , MaleSubject(s)
Humans , Antacids/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Helicobacter Infections , Helicobacter pylori , Drug Therapy, Combination , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy , Helicobacter pylori/drug effectsSubject(s)
Humans , Helicobacter Infections , Helicobacter pylori , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antacids/therapeutic use , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy , Helicobacter pylori/drug effectsABSTRACT
In order to better understand the natural history of chronic functional constipation, a questionnaire was applied to 163 children and infants, before beginning standardized treatment. Median age (range) at start was 3 mo(0-108 mo) but age at arrival at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit was 53 mo(2-146 mo). In 62.4% of the cases symptoms began before or up to 3 mo after cow's milk introduction and rarely around (-/+ 6 mo) toilet training. Possible complications appeared progressively, often at preschool or school age or as the first noticeable manifestation: recurrent abdominal pain (61.1%), fecal soiling (45.4%), fecal blood (35%), enuresis (23.3%), vomiting (19%), urinary infection (17.9%), urinary retention (8.6%). Abdominal distension was rarely detected on physical examination and was usually discrete. In conclusion, children attended in Botucatu begin their constipation at an early age, frequently associated with weaning,and important complications may ensue along years. This evolution should be avoided by prevention and early treatment of constipation.
ABSTRACT
De passagem por esta Capital, aonde veio a fim de rever os serviços feitos ao Departamento de Preservação da Lepra, sob a direção do Dr. Salles Gomes - o Dr. Antonio Aleixo, chefe dos Serviços de Lepra de Minas Gerais, teve ocasião de resumir, para o "Diário da Noite", o que lhe foi dado observar, agora, sobre o assunto neste Estado
Subject(s)
Leprosy/history , Leprosy/prevention & control , Health PromotionABSTRACT
Em conclusão, eis os factos capitais que põem em evidencia as relações do traumatismo e da lepra: 1º- A exemplo da lues e de outras molestias, a lepra pode ser contrahida em determinados casos mediante un traumatismo, verificando-se a inoculação ao ensejo do traumatismo ou ulteriormente. 2º- Uma lepra latente pode vir a ser desvendada por um traumatismo incidinco sobre pontos onde existem lesões inapparentes ou ninhos de bacilos. 3º- Incidindo sobre a lesão bacillifera, o traumatismo pode favorecer a migração do Mycobacterium leprae, com a consequente diffusão da infecção no organismo atravez as vias lymphaticas e hematicas. 4º- Accidentes ou complicações, como fraturas, epistaxis sérias, ferimentos, alterações dactyloscopicas, lesões oculares podem ser atribuidas aos traumatismos a que estão sujeitos os leprosos, principalmente em virtude da abolição da sensibilidade. 5º- Excoriadas ou feridas as lesões activas ou quaesquer pontos da pelle onde existem bacilos, disso pode resultar a libertação desses germens para o exterior com possiveis riscos de disseminação do Mal de Hansen. 6º- O traumatismo pode dar logar a situações de interpretação delicada, com a apparição de signaes ou lesões que levam a clientes e medicos a ideia, por vezes obsidente, de uma lepra que não encontra confirmação nos exames fisicos e de laboratorio.