ABSTRACT
The cephalic vein arises from the radial end of the dorsal venous arch. It turns around the radial border of the forearm and passes proximally along the arm to the shoulder, where it enters the axillary vein by penetrating the clavipectoral triangle. The cephalic vein is prone to vary at the antecubital fossa, where it forms numerous anastomoses. A male cadaver fixated with a 10% formalin solution was dissected during regular anatomy lessons. It was found that the cephalic vein crossed the upper third of the arm between two fasciculi of the deltoid muscle and reached the shoulder, where it passed above the acromion and crossed the posterior border of the clavicle in order to join the external jugular vein. The cephalic vein is one of the most used veins for innumerous activities, such as venipunctures and arteriovenous fistula creation. Furthermore, it is an anatomical landmark known for its consistent anatomy, as it possesses low rates of variability. Despite that, its anatomical variations are clinically and surgically significant and healthcare professionals must be aware of the variations of this vessel. We aim to report a rarely described variation of the cephalic vein and discuss its embryological, phylogenetic and clinical features.
Subject(s)
Anatomic Variation , Jugular Veins/anatomy & histology , Upper Extremity/blood supply , Anatomic Landmarks , Axillary Vein/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Humans , Male , PhylogenyABSTRACT
A new facility for neutron tomography has been installed at the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor of IPEN-CNEN/SP. A tomography can be obtained in 400 s and the spatial resolution in the image is 263 µm. The neutron dose per tomography, in the video camera used for image capture, is only 21 µSv, assures very few damages in its CCD sensor. Some selected objects were investigated and the obtained 3D images demonstrate the capability of the facility to investigate hydrogenous substances.
Subject(s)
Neutrons , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation , Wood/chemistry , Animals , Brazil , Equipment Design , Explosive Agents/analysis , Hydrogen , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Isoptera/metabolism , Radiation DosageABSTRACT
A neutron tomography (NT) facility was installed at the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor of the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute IPEN-CNEN/SP. According to the determined operational characteristics, the time spent to obtain a complete tomography is 4,000s at a neutron flux of 1×10(6) ncm(-2)s(-1) and the best achievable spatial resolution in the image is 347 µm. The main objectives of this paper are to describe the facility as well as to demonstrate its potential to investigate ceramic objects from the Brazilian cultural heritage left by Indians.
ABSTRACT
Las autoras de este trabajo, Profesoras ambas una en Argentina y otra en España, presentan la conveniencia de concebir experimentar y evaluar nuevas modalidades de formación del profesorado frente al medio ambiente. Debido a la significación de todos los problemas ambientales en la vida de los pueblos, los docentes deberían instruirse en forma sistemática para cumplir con las pautas generales de educación
Subject(s)
Environmental Health Education , Mentoring , CongressABSTRACT
The variation in cell mass production within cultured populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived from untreated cells and from cells treated with 8-methoxypsoralen plus near-UV light (8MOP-NUV) was determined. Spontaneous mutation was not significant source of variation, since no genetic component of variance was detected in the untreated population. Following mutagenesis significant levels of genetic variation were found, showing that 8MOP-NUV was effective in inducing quantitative genetic variation among clonal populations of the yeast. The magnitudes of the estimates of the heritability and of the genetic coefficient of variation, indicate that, in phenotypic selection, greater genetic progress can be expected after mutagenic treatment than with untreated populations. The highest estimate of genetic gain was obtained at the intermediate survival level.
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation/drug effects , Methoxsalen/pharmacology , Mutagens/pharmacology , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics , Analysis of Variance , Biomass , Genetic Variation/radiation effects , Mutagenesis , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/radiation effects , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
This paper reports the study of liver cell dysplasia in cases of hepatic cirrhosis, cirrhosis associated to hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis. The frequency of the lesion was higher in cases of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma associated (84.2%), compared to the other groups. The search for evidence of B virus infection (AgHbs) was positive in 72.7% of the cases with liver cell dysplasia. It is pointed out the relation of liver cell dysplasia, to hepatocellular carcinoma and B virus infection.