A Survey on the COVID-19 Awareness and Vaccination Acceptance/Hesitance Among the Transgender Population in Various Districts of Tamilnadu.

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has been deemed as one of the biggest global health crisis. The pandemic has caused a landslide in governance, economics, health care systems, and the daily lifestyle of man for the past 2 years. One of the chief weapons installed by various governments worldwide was the rapid development of an efficient vaccine to combat the disease. This study aims to identify the awareness of COVID 19 and seeks to find the challenges faced by the community in vaccination. This study hypothesized the presence of a multifaceted issue among the transgender populations' hesitance to vaccination. The results from the study could be exploited by the policy makers of the government to provide policies that best alleviate the hesitance among the transgender population. Material and Methods: This study is a cross sectional questionnaire based study. A total of 121 transgender people above the age of 18 years who were voluntarily willing for the study were included in the study, while excluding the male and female participants and those transgender participants who were unwilling for the study. Results and Discussion: A 100% response regarding COVID-19 awareness from the 121 participants showed exemplary reach to the population. With 76% of individuals being vaccinated, the acceptance of the vaccine and reach of the vaccine was high. COVID-19 awareness has reached the people from all walks of life. With little tweaks to the current policies, India could achieve absolute vaccination against the pandemic.

Maxillary brown tumor due to secondary hyperparathyroidism in a Hemodialysis patient: A case report and literature review.

Hemodialysis is one of the commonly used renal replacement therapies in treating end-stage renal failure patients. Patients with long-term dialysis may develop frequently complications such as secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), bone diseases, amyloidosis, endocrinal disturbances, cardiovascular complications and infections. Brown tumors (BTs) are erosive giant cell bony lesions that arise in some patients as a result of primary or SHPT. About 2% of all the reported cases showed involvement of facial skeleton, of which the mandible is the favorite site. A complete clinical, biochemical, radiological and histopathological correlation is required for definitive diagnosis. We report here a case of BT in 37-year-old female hemodialysis patient with SHPT.

Modelling, characterization and quality analysis of heated oil using electric moment and chemical properties.

The effect of temperature (30-90 °C) on the electrical parameter: dielectric constant (εr) of Sunflower, Olive and Corn oil exposed to three cycles of heating to frying temperature (175 ± 5 °C) was studied to exhibit the quality analysis of oil. Dielectric constant of heated oil was measured using designed inter-digitated electrode capacitor at different frequency (10 kHz-5 MHz) and temperature (30-90 °C). Dielectric constant (εr) of oil samples increases with cycles of heating. Variation of dielectric constant with frequency was premeditated using quadratic equation and the dependency factor was observed to be R2 > 0.914. Chemical kinetic dielectric constant with temperature was studied using Arrhenius law and observed that activation energy increases with cycles of heating. Andrade's equation was also fitted with the variation of εr with temperature and the dependency factor (R2 between 0.978 to 0.999) was observed to be highly correlated. Experiential physical properties like density, refractive index and εr were significantly correlated with the pragmatic peroxide value. The observed relation between εr with chemical property divulges the suitability of measured dielectric constant in real time and continuous evaluation of edible oil quality analysis in food industry.

Buccal Micronuclei Assay as a Tool For Biomonitoring DNA Damage in Oral Lichen Planus.

INTRODUCTION: The malignant transformation rate of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is between 0% and 5.8%. Oral lesions of lichen planus clinically presents itself multifocally, simulating the process of field cancerization in high risk malignancies. The Buccal MicroNucleus Cytome Assay (BMN Assay) provides a platform to identify the high risk individuals by evaluating the markers of nuclear damage at an earliest micro invasive phase. AIM: To evaluate DNA damage in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells in individuals with oral lichen planus lesions and thereby to delineate the high risk group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Buccal smears from 22 OLP and 10 control samples were stained in modified Feulgen-Rossenback reaction for micronuclei assay. Cytological evaluation of number of MicroNucleated cells (CMN), Total Number of Micronuclei (TMN) in micronucleated cells was done in both groups. RESULTS: Frequency of micronucleated cells (CMN) when compared among the study and control group, a mean value of 4.27 ± 1.80 and 0.90 ± 0.88 were obtained respectively. On comparing the total number of micronuclei in the micronucleated cells (TMN) between the study and control groups, a mean value of 5.38 ± 2.42 and 1.5 ± 0.88 were obtained respectively. CONCLUSION: There was a significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei and the micronucleated cells in the oral lichen planus as compared to normal individuals.

In vitro and in vivo assessments of a 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid bioconjugated gelatin-based injectable hydrogel for biomedical applications.

Imparting functional properties on a biomaterial for high end applications is always a challenging task. In the present study, an attempt was made to construct an injectable hydrogel through bioconjugation of dihydroxy phenolic acids to a gelatin backbone. Bioconjugating caffeic acid with gelatin followed by oxidation with mild oxidation agents provided a hydrogel with all the requisite properties (biocompatibility, controlled biodegradability, and antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing ability). Bioconjugation was performed using EDC/NHS and the resultant gel named as caffeic acid bioconjugated gel (CBG gel). The physicochemical, rheological, swelling, in vitro (biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial properties, antioxidant properties and drug release properties) and in vivo (biocompatibility, biodegradability and wound healing properties) studies on the CBG gel were carried out using standard protocols. The bioconjugation was confirmed by 1H NMR and UV-Vis analysis. Rheological analysis of the CBG gel revealed that the storage modulus was greater than the loss modulus at all the frequencies and suggested the elastic nature of the gel. About 50% weight gain within 12 hours during swelling studies and 50% weight loss within 12 hours during evaporation suggested the suitability of the CBG gel as a drug carrier. The drug release studies implied that there was an initial burst and later the release was sustained. The CBG gel promotes cell migration and demonstrates radical scavenging behavior. When subcutaneously injected into the animal, as in situ CBG gel, the gel was highly biocompatible and did not cause any necrosis. The crosstalk with adjacent tissue cells was smooth and the gel completely degraded within 24 days. The wound healing efficacy on full-thickness wounds suggested that the CBG gel accelerated healing and imparted high strength on the healed skin at an appreciable level. With all these additional functional properties, the CBG gel could be useful for biomedical applications.

Burning mouth syndrome: A review on its diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS), a chronic and intractable orofacial pain syndrome is characterized by the presence of burning sensation of the oral mucosa in the absence of specific oral lesion. This condition affects chiefly of middle aged and elderly woman with hormonal changes or psychological disorders. In addition to burning sensation, patient with BMS also complains of oral mucosal pain, altered taste sensation, and dry mouth. This condition is probably of multifactorial origin, often idiopathic and its exact etiopathogenesis remains unclear. So far, there is no definitive cure for this condition and most of the treatment approaches, medications remains unsatisfactory. An interdisciplinary and systematic approach is required for better patient management. The purpose of this article is to present a review of epidemiology, clinical presentation, classification, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of BMS.

Root canal treatment of mandibular second premolar with three separate roots and canals using spiral computed tomographic.

Anatomic and internal morphology of a root canal system is more complex and differs for each individual tooth of which mandibular premolars have earned the reputation for having aberrant anatomy. The occurrence of three canals with three separate foramina in mandibular second premolars is very rare. A wider knowledge on both clinical and radiological anatomy especially spiral computed tomographic is absolutely essential for the success of endodontic treatment. These teeth may require skillful and special root canal special shaping and obturating techniques. This paper reports an unusual case of a mandibular second premolar with atypical canal pattern that was successfully treated endodontically.

Oral manifestation of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in a 2-year-old patient.

Ichthyosis is a heterogeneous family of hereditary keratinisation disorders mostly characterized by variable erythema of the whole body and different scaling patterns. Although these disorders affect tissues of epidermal origin, there is little evidence regarding the oral and dental manifestations of Lamellar Ichthyosis. A case report of early childhood caries in lamellar ichthyosis is presented and the dental consideration and management is discussed in this paper.

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from marine macro-algal biomass.

Activated carbons prepared from two macro-algal biomass Sargassum longifolium (SL) and Hypnea valentiae (HV) have been examined for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution. The activated carbon has been prepared by zinc chloride activation. Experiments have been carried out at different activating agent/precursor ratio and carbonization temperature, which had significant effect on the pore structure of carbon. Developed activated carbon has been characterized by BET surface area (S(BET)) analysis and iodine number. The carbons, ZSLC-800 and ZHVC-800, showed surface area around 802 and 783 m(2)g(-1), respectively. The activated carbon developed showed substantial capability to adsorb phenol from aqueous solutions. The kinetic data were fitted to the models of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. Column studies have also been carried out with ZSLC-800 activated carbon.