ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Establish points on the neck, correspondent to the laryngeal topography, where to apply Low Level Light therapy (LLLT), to evaluate the incidence of light through variables such as skin phototype and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, analytical, observational study, carried out with 15 vocally healthy women, between 18 and 50 years of age, who were divided into three groups, according to BMI and skin phototype. Six anatomical reference points were established to locate the larynx and its musculature, with visual monitoring by videonasolaryngoscopy, to assess light reach (present/absent) and degree of illumination (from very weak to very strong) in the larynx during the LASER application at doses of 3J, 6J and 9J. A flexible endoscope was used for visual monitoring during the LASER application, and subsequent image analysis. RESULTS: The light reached the larynx at doses of 3J, 6J and 9J, in the anterior commissure of the vocal folds, membranous (thyroarytenoid muscle) and cartilaginous portions of the vocal fold and the cricothyroid muscle. The degree of LASER light illumination decreased in overweight and obese participants and increased in moderate brown and dark brown skin phototypes. CONCLUSION: Data suggest that the LLLT penetrates differently according to skin phototype and BMI, being more evident in individuals with Fitzpatrick IV and V phototypes and less evident with higher BMI levels. The evidence that the LASER light reaches the larynx in specific anatomical points provides direction for the standardization of its use in voice practice.
Subject(s)
Body Mass Index , Larynx , Low-Level Light Therapy , Humans , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adult , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adolescent , Skin Pigmentation , Laryngoscopy/methodsABSTRACT
Objetivo: realizar revisão integrativa da literatura sobre procedimentos de avaliação quantitativa do deslocamento hiolaríngeo na videofluoroscopia. Método: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Lilacs, Scielo, Medline via Pubmed, Biblioteca Cochrane e Web of Science/ISI, com inclusão de 15 estudos, publicados entre os anos 2000 e 2014, nos idiomas inglês e português. Resultados: A maioria utilizou o programa ImageJ, considerou a quarta vértebra cervical como o ponto de origem, utilizou moeda no queixo dos sujeitos para calibração do sistema, avaliou deglutição de 5 e 10ml de líquido, não descreveu o número de deglutições avaliadas e utilizou dois avaliadores na análise. Os principais pontos anatômicos foram região anterior-superior e anterior-inferior de hioide e posterior-superior da coluna de ar subglótica como referência da laringe. Conclusão: Há uma variabilidade de descrição da amplitude de deslocamento hiolaríngeo entre gêneros, faixas etárias, sujeitos saudáveis e disfágicos e nos procedimentos para análise da biomecânica da deglutição.
Objetive: to conduct an integrative review of the literature on quantitative assessment procedures of the hyolaryngeal desplacement in the videofluoroscopy. Methods: Databases Lilacs, Scielo, Medline via Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science/ISI were used, with the inclusion of 15 studies, published between 2000 and 2014, in the English and Portuguese languages. Results: Most of the researchers used the ImageJ program, considered the fourth cervical vertebra as the point of origin, used coin in the chin of the subject to system calibration, evaluated swallowing of 5 and 10ml of liquid, did not describe the number of evaluated swallowing and used two evaluators in the analysis. The main anatomical points were anterior-upper and anterior-lower regions of hyoid and posterior-upper of the subglottic air column as a reference of the larynx. Conclusion: There is a description of the amplitude variation of hyolaryngeal displacement between genders, age groups, and dysphagia healthy subjects and procedures for analysis of the biomechanics of swallowing.
Objetivo revisión integradora de la literatura sobre los procedimientos de evaluación cuantitativos del desplazamiento hyolaryngeal en la videofluoroscopia. Método: Se utilizaron las bases de datos Lilacs, Scielo, Medline a través de Pubmed, Biblioteca Cochrane y la Web of Science/ISI, con la inclusión de 15 estudios, publicados entre 2000 y 2014, en los idiomas Inglés y Portugués. Resultados: La mayoría utilizó el programa ImageJ, consideró la cuarta vértebra cervical como el punto de origen, utilizó moneda en el mentón de temas para calibración del sistema, evaluó deglución de 5 y 10 ml de líquido, no describió el número de degluciones evaluadas y utilizó dos evaluadores en el análisis. Los principales puntos anatómicos fueron región anterior-superior y anterior-inferior del hioides y posterior-superior de la columna de aire subglótica como referencia de la laringe. Conclusion: Hay una descripción de la variación de la amplitud del desplazamiento hyolaryngeal entre sexos, grupos de edad, y disfagia en sujetos sanos como los procedimientos para el análisis de la biomecánica de la deglución.