ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Nonketotic hyperglycemia may occur as a cause of chorea in patients with chronic decompensated diabetes. Because it is rare and consequently poorly studied, diagnosis and treatment can be delayed. Therefore, our objective was to summarize clinical and radiological features, as well as treatments performed, from previously reported cases to facilitate adequate management in clinical practice. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS databases for studies published before April 23, 2021. We included case reports and case series of adults (aged ≥ 18 years) that described hyperglycemic chorea with measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Studies were excluded if participants were pregnant women, aged < 18 years, and had no description of chorea and/or physical examination. We found 121 studies that met the inclusion criteria, for a total of 214 cases. The majority of the included studies were published in Asia (67.3%). Most patients were women (65.3%) aged > 65 years (67.3%). Almost all patients had decompensated diabetes upon arrival at the emergency department (97.2%). The most common MRI finding was abnormalities of the basal ganglia (89.2%). There was no difference in patient recovery between treatment with insulin alone and in combination with other medications. Although rare, hyperglycemic chorea is a reversible cause of this syndrome; therefore, hyperglycemia should always be considered in these cases.
ABSTRACT
The retained surgical item in patients after closure of the wound is a situation that although rare is preventable and requires specific care such as institutional protocols for prevention. We report a case of removal of an already encapsulated pads by fibrin tissue (textiloma) from a patient six years after an abdominoplasty, which formed a palpable mass in her abdomen. The retained surgical items lead to variable symptoms such as palpable masses, compressions, non-absorptive loss and, sometimes, severe complications. The diversity of manifestations combined with their few frequency, most of the times, lead to underdiagnosis. Treatment should be individualized for each case, although in case of symptoms removal is indicated in most cases. Surgical removal is associated with complications as longer as objects remain in patient's body.
A permanência de corpos estranhos em pacientes após o fechamento da ferida operatória é uma situação que, embora rara, é evitável e demanda cuidados específicos como protocolos institucionais de prevenção. O caso relata a retirada de uma compressa já encapsulada por tecido de fibrina (textiloma) de uma paciente seis anos após abdominoplastia, formando uma massa palpável em seu abdômen. A permanência desses itens cirúrgicos leva a sintomas variáveis como massas palpáveis, compressões, síndromes disabsortivas e, algumas vezes, graves complicações. A diversidade de manifestações combinada a sua pouca frequência levam, muitas vezes, ao subdiagnóstico. O tratamento deve ser individualizado para cada caso, embora na presença de sintomas a retirada é indicada na grande maioria das vezes. A cirurgia de retirada está mais associada a complicações quanto maior tempo de permanência dos objetos no corpo do paciente.