Photodynamic-Assisted Electrochemiluminescence Enhancement toward Advanced BODIPY for Precision Diagnosis of Parkinson.

Nowadays, signal enhancement is imperative to increase sensitivity of advanced ECL devices for expediting their promising applications in clinic. In this work, photodynamic-assisted electrochemiluminescence (PDECL) device was constructed for precision diagnosis of Parkinson, where an advanced emitter was prepared by electrostatically linking 2,6-dimethyl-8-(3-carboxyphenyl)4,4'-difluoroboradiazene (BET) with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF4]). Specifically, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) can trigger the photodynamic reaction under light irradiation with a wavelength of 450 nm to generate lots of singlet oxygen (1O2), showing a 2.43-fold magnification in the ECL responses. Then, the aptamer (Apt) was assembled on the functional BET-[BMIm] for constructing a "signal off" ECL biosensor. Later on, the PPIX was embedded into the G-quadruplex (G4) of the Apt to magnify the ECL signals for bioanalysis of α-synuclein (α-syn) under light excitation. In the optimized surroundings, the resulting PDECL sensor has a broad linear range of 100.0 aM ∼ 10.0 fM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 63 aM, coupled by differentiating Parkinson patients from normal individuals according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of actual blood samples. Such research holds great promise for synthesis of other advanced luminophores, combined with achieving an early clinical diagnosis.

Palladium nanospheres-embedded metal-organic frameworks to enhance the ECL efficiency of 2,6-dimethyl-8-(3-carboxyphenyl)4,4'-difluoroboradiazene in aqueous solution for ultrasensitive Cu2+ detection.

Nowadays, organic emitters suffer from insufficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency in aqueous solutions, and their practical applications are severely restricted in the bio-sensing field. In this work, palladium nanospheres-embedded metal-organic frameworks (Pd@MOFs) were exploited to enhance the ECL efficiency of 2,6-dimethyl-8-(3-carboxyphenyl)4,4'-difluoroboradiazene (BET) prepared by a one-pot method in aqueous environment. First, the Pd@MOFs were generated via in situ reduction of Pd nanospheres anchored onto the MOFs, and fabricated by orderly coordination of palladium chloride (PdCl2) with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine (BTA) tetrahydrochloride. Then, the influence of protons on the ECL response of BET was studied in detail to obtain stronger ECL emission using potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) as co-reactant in aqueous environment. As a result, a 1.47-fold ECL efficiency enlargement of BET/K2S2O8 was harvested at the Pd@MOFs/GCE, where Ru(bpy)32+ behaved as a standard. Based on the fact that the ECL signals of the BET-covered Pd@MOFs modified glassy carbon electrode (simplified as BET/Pd@MOFs/GCE) can be quenched by Cu2+, the as-built ECL sensor showed a wide linear range (1.0-100.0 pM) and a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.12 pM. Hence, such research offers huge potential to promote the development of organic emitters in ECL biosensors and environmental monitoring.