[Clinical observation of continuous and intermittent application of lamivudine or entecavir resistance mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis B].

Objective: To observe continuous and intermittent application of lamivudine or entecavir resistance mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods: Data of patients with active stage of chronic hepatitis B over the past 6 years were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The incidence of drug resistance mutation and related factors between patients taking LAM or ETV continuously and intermittently were compared with those taking LAM or ETV. Data comparison was performed using χ(2) test. Results: Patients with HBV DNA≥10(5) copies / ml at the time of initial treatment had higher resistance mutation rates than those with HBV DNA < 10(5) copies / ml at either continuous or intermittent treatment, and patients with intermittent treatment had higher resistance mutation rates than those with continuous treatment. Simultaneously, the incidence of drug resistance mutation in LAM and ETV in the first, second and third years were significantly higher in intermittent treatment than that of continuous treatment (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the frequency of drug withdrawal and the rate of drug resistance mutation. There were no individual difference and drug difference between LAM and ETV. Conclusion: In the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with oral nucleoside analogues, drug resistance may occur in either continuous or intermittent treatment. When comparing continuous with intermittent treatment, it suggests that intermittent is more likely to cause viral resistance mutation.

[Association between serum Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine level and anterior tibial arterial plaque calcification in patients with diabetic foot post foot amputation].

Objective: To observe the correlation between Nε-carboxymethyl-Lysine (CML), the main component of advanced glycation end products and the calcification of the anterior tibial artery plaque in patients with diabetic foot post foot amputation. Methods: Sixty patients hospitalized for foot amputation operation due to diabetic foot from June 2012 to June 2016 in the Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University were prospectively recruited.The patients were categorized into mild stenosis (0

[Comparison of ablation of left-sided accessory pathway by atrial septal and retrograde arterial approach].

Objective: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of radiofrequency ablation of left-sided accessory pathways by via atrial septal approach with retrograde through aortic approach. Methods: A total of 184 patients of left-side accessory pathways were treated in Taizhou People's Hospital and the Subei People's Hospital from March 2012 to August 2015.A total of 103 cases were treated by aortic retrograde approach as through arterial group, 81 cases were treated by punctured atrial septal to left atrial for mapping and ablation as through atrial septal group.Comparison of ablation procedure time, total and pathways of different parts(subgroup) at instant success and relapse rates, safety (serious complications), and statistics other complications in operation and postoperative. Results: Through arterial group and through atrial septal group were no significant difference (P>0.05) in the ablation procedure time((25±18 ) vs (22±15)min ), instant success(98.1% vs 97.5%) and relapse rates(1.0% vs 1.2%), security(1 vs 0 case). There was no statistical difference in septal part subgroups (all P>0.05) in the ablation procedure time((22±18)vs (25±19)min), instant success(91.7% vs 89.9 %) and relapse rates(0 vs 11.1%); posterior wall subgroup had no statistical difference in the ablation procedure time((18±15)vs (16±12)min), instant success(100% vs 100 %) and relapse rates(0 vs 0)(all P>0.05); side wall subgroup had no statistical difference in the ablation procedure time((29±20)vs (21±18) min), instant success (98.3% vs 98.1%)and relapse rates(1.7% vs 0%)(all P>0.05). Conclusion: Ablation of left-sided accessory pathways by transseptal approach and transaortic approach has no statistical difference in the procedure time, instant success and relapse rates, security.In a particular case, there is a certain complementarity between the two methods.

Effect of preoperative education on behaviour of children during induction of anaesthesia: a randomised clinical trial of efficacy.

In this randomised prospective study we aimed to evaluate whether preoperative anaesthetic education delivered to children on the day of surgery reduces anxiety behaviour during induction of anaesthesia. One hundred children, six to 15 years of age, undergoing general anaesthesia for ambulatory surgery were allocated at random to a preoperative education group (n=50) or a control group (n=50). The main outcomes were behaviour score, self-reporting of satisfaction score and identification of the stage when children felt most fearful. Data from all 100 participants were analysed. There was no difference in behaviour score at induction or satisfaction score between the groups. Eighteen percent in the intervention group reported no fear preoperatively vs 10% in the control group. Intravenous induction failed in nine out of 38 children in the intervention group (23.7%) compared to five out of 40 in the control group (12.5%). When intravenous induction failed, eight out of nine (89%) of the intervention group remained co-operative during gas induction compared to two out of five (40%) of the control group. Preoperative education delivered on the day of surgery did not reduce anxiety behaviour in children during intravenous induction of anaesthesia, but did reduce anxiety during subsequent inhalational induction.

Environmental geochemistry of abandoned flotation tailing reservior from the Tonglvshan Fe-Cu sulfide mine in Daye, Central China.

This study investigated metals of tailings from Tonglvshan mine in Daye and assessed the effect of metal contamination in water and sediment near the tailing reservoir. The concentration of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, chromium and nickel was measured in deposit samples taken from a profile in an abandoned flotation tailing reservoir, as well as in water and sediment samples near the reservoir. The results of this study indicate that copper concentration ranges from 780 to 4390 mg/kg, 2-10 times higher than the limit values in soil, while the contents of other metals are below the limit values. Metal levels in water and sediments are high and varied widely in different sampling sites. The mean concentrations of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, chromium and nickel in waters are 27.76, 2.28, 8.20, 0.12, 5.30 and 3.04 mg/L, while those in sediments are 557.65, 96.95, 285.20, 0.92, 94.30 and 4.75 mg/kg, respectively. All of the results indicate that the environment near the tailing reservoir is polluted to some extent by some kinds of metals, especially by copper, lead, zinc and cadmium, which may be caused not only by some discharge sources of metals, but also by life garbage and sewage.

Metals contamination in soils and vegetables in metal smelter contaminated sites in Huangshi, China.

This study investigated the source and magnitude of metal contamination in soils and vegetables collected in the vicinity of the Daye smelter, China. Results showed that soils and vegetables were heavily contaminated by cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The average levels of Cd and Pb in vegetables were 0.21 and 3.28 mg/kg fresh weight, respectively. Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) operational speciation analysis indicated that the source of metals in soils probably resulted from sewage irrigation and contaminated sediment. Transfer and correlation coefficients were also calculated to evaluate the bioavailability of metals to vegetables. This investigation highlights the potential risk to local residents via consumption of vegetables.

Purification of crotonyl-CoA reductase from Streptomyces collinus and cloning, sequencing and expression of the corresponding gene in Escherichia coli.

A crotonyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.1.38, acyl-CoA:NADP+ trans-2-oxidoreductase) catalyzing the conversion of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA has been purified and characterized from Streptomyces collinus. This enzyme, a dimer with subunits of identical mass (48 kDa), exhibits a Km = 18 microM for crotonyl-CoA and 15 microM for NADPH. The enzyme was unable to catalyze the reduction of any other enoyl-CoA thioesters or to utilize NADH as an electron donor. A highly effective inhibition by straight-chain fatty acids (Ki = 9.5 microM for palmitoyl-CoA) compared with branched-chain fatty acids (Ki > 400 microM for isopalmitoyl-CoA) was observed. All of these properties are consistent with a proposed role of the enzyme in providing butyryl-CoA as a starter unit for straight-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. The crotonyl-CoA reductase gene was cloned in Escherichia coli. This gene, with a proposed designation of ccr, is encoded in a 1344-bp open reading frame which predicts a primary translation product of 448 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 49.4 kDa. Several dispersed regions of highly significant sequence similarity were noted between the deduced amino acid sequence and various alcohol dehydrogenases and fatty acid synthases, including one region that contains a putative NADPH binding site. The ccr gene product was expressed in E. coli and the induced crotonyl-CoA reductase was purified tenfold and shown to have similar steady-state kinetics and electrophoretic mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide to the native protein.

[A comparable study on characteristics of HBsAg carriers in rural areas of Shanghai, Tianjin and Taiyuan].

A seroepidemiological study on HBV infection was carried out in the villages of Changbei, Shanghai, Beihu, Tianjing and Xipu, Taiyuan, July-October 1993. The positivity rates of HBsAg in these villages were 6.4%, 3.4%, 4.8%, respectively. Compared with those in Beihu and Xinpu village, HBsAg carriers in Changbei village had significant fectures as follows: 1. They were much older than those in Beihu and Xipu villages. 2. The positivity rate of male was much greater than that in female. 3. The positivity rate of HBeAg was lower, anti-HBe was higher than those in Beihu and Xipu village. 4. Those of low titre were much more common than those of high titre. A series of analysis indicated that all those festures were related with the large-scale HBV vaccination in adolescents of Changbei village in recent years.