Characteristics and quality of systematic reviews led by Peruvian authors: A scoping review.

Background: Systematic reviews (SRs) worldwide suffer from methodological deficiencies, potentially biasing intervention decisions, and Peruvian SRs are no exception. Evaluating SRs led by Peruvian researchers is a crucial step to enhance quality and transparency in decision-making and to identify topics where SRs are either scarce or prioritized for research. Objective: To describe the characteristics and assess the methodological quality of SRs with Peruvian first authors. Methods: We conducted a scoping review within the Scopus database on January 5, 2023. We aimed to identify published SRs of interventions in which the first author had a Peruvian affiliation, published between 2013 and 2022. We evaluated the methodological quality of these SRs using the AMSTAR 2 tool. We assessed the factors associated with the AMSTAR 2 score using adjusted mean differences (aMD), including their 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). Results: We identified 95 eligible SRs, with a clear upward trend. SRs were primarily published in Q1 (43.2 %) and Q2 (23.2 %) journals, predominantly affiliated with institutions in Lima (90.5 %). Areas like infectious diseases (20.0 %) and dentistry (18.9 %) were most frequent. AMSTAR 2 assessments highlighted deficiencies, with few SRs reporting prior protocols (37.9 %), comprehensive search strategies (23.2 %), explanations for excluded studies (20.0 %), adequate descriptions of included studies (38.3 %), or funding sources (19.1 %). Notably, SRs in Q4 journals (aMD: -19.7, 95 % CI: -33.8 to -5.5) and those on surgical interventions (aMD: -22.6, 95 % CI: -34.7 to -10.4) had lower AMSTAR 2 scores. Conclusions: Although Peruvian-led SRs are increasingly being published, critical deficiencies are common, especially in reporting protocols, search strategies, study descriptions, and funding sources. Addressing these gaps is pivotal for enhancing the credibility and utility of these SRs in informing decision-making.

Clinical practice guideline for the prevention and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy / Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención y el manejo de la enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo

Objectives: To provide clinical recommendations based on evidence for the the prevention and management of HDP in EsSalud. Methods: A CPG for the the prevention and management of HDP in EsSalud was developed. To this end, a guideline development group (local GDG) was established, including medical specialists and methodologists. The local GDG formulated 8 clinical questions to be answered by this CPG. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and­when it was considered pertinent­primary studies were searched in PubMed y Central during 2021. The evidence to answer each of the posed clinical questions was selected. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the local GDG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, the points of good clinical practice and flowcharts for the prevention, management and follow-up. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution 112-IETSI-ESSALUD-2021. Results: This CPG addressed 8 clinical questions, divided into three topics: prevention, management and follow-up of the HDP. Based on these questions, 11 recommendations (6 strong recommendations and 5 weak recommendations), 32 points of good clinical practice, and 3 flowcharts were formulated. Conclusions: The main recommendations in the guideline are the use of magnesium sulfate for the treatment of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. The guideline must be updated in three years' time.

Objetivos: proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para la prevención y el manejo de la enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo EHE en EsSalud. Materiales y métodos: se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló ocho preguntas clínicas para ser respondidas por la presente Guía de Práctica Clínica (GPC). Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y, cuando se consideró pertinente, estudios primarios en PubMed y Central durante 2021. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología. En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) para calificar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones. Además se resentan los puntos de buenas prácticas clínicas (BPC) y los flujogramas de prevención, manejo y seguimiento. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada por Resolución 112-IETSI-ESSALUD-2021. Resultados: en la presente GPC se formularon 11 recomendaciones (6 fuertes y 5 condicionales) que respondieron las preguntas clínicas definidas en el alcance de la GPC, acompañadas de 32 BPC y 3 flujogramas que abordan temas de prevención tratamiento y seguimiento de la EHE Conclusiones: como recomendaciones centrales de la guía se dan el uso de sulfato de magnesio para el tratamiento de la preeclampsia severa y la eclampsia. La guía deberá ser actualizada en tres años.

Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de infecciones asociadas al acceso de hemodiálisis en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud) / Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and management of infections related with hemodialysis access of the Peruvian Health Social Security (EsSalud)

Introducción: El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para la prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de infecciones asociadas al acceso de hemodiálisis en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de infecciones asociadas al acceso de hemodiálisis en EsSalud. Material y Métodos: Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 7 preguntas clínicas. Se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y estudios primarios en PubMed y CENTRAL de Cochrane entre noviembre del 2019 y marzo del 2020. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder a las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). El GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular recomendaciones, los puntos de buena práctica clínica y el flujograma de tratamiento. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 116-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. Resultados: La presente GPC abordó 7 preguntas clínicas, divididas en tres temas: tamizaje, diagnóstico, estadiaje y tratamiento. En base a estas preguntas se formularon 12 recomendaciones (11 fuertes y 1 condicional), 33 puntos de buena práctica clínica y 2 flujogramas de manejo. Conclusión: El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de infecciones asociadas al acceso de hemodiálisis en EsSalud.

Background: This article summarizes the clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for the prevention, diagnosis and management of infections associated with hemodialysis access of the Peruvian Health Social Security (EsSalud). To provide clinical Objective: recommendations based on evidence for the prevention, diagnosis and management of infections associated with hemodialysis access in EsSalud. Aguideline development Material and Methods:group (GDG) was established, including medical specialists and methodologists. The GDG formulated 7 clinical questions to be answered in this CPG. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and primary studies (when pertinent) were conducted in PubMed, and CENTRAL(Cochrane) from November 2019 to March 2020. The evidence was selected to answer each of the clinical questions. The accuracy of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation(GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the GEG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, the points of good clinical practice and the treatment flow chart. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution No. 116-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. The present Results:CPG addressed 7 clinical questions of four topics: prevention, diagnosisandtreatment.Basedonthesequestions,12 recommendations (11strongrecommendationsand1weak recommendation), 33 points of good clinical practice, and 2 flowcharts were formulated. This paper summarizes Conclusion:the methodology and evidence-based conclusions from the CPG for the prevention, diagnosis and management of infections associated with hemodialysis access of EsSalud

Effects of decision aids for depression treatment in adults: systematic review.

AIM AND METHOD: To determine the effect on decisional-related and clinical outcomes of decision aids for depression treatment in adults in randomised clinical trials. In January 2019, a systematic search was conducted in five databases. Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Meta-analyses were performed, and standardised and weighted mean differences were calculated, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated with GRADE methodology. RESULTS: Six randomised clinical trials were included. The pooled estimates showed that decision aids for depression treatment had a beneficial effect on patients' decisional conflict, patient knowledge and information exchange between patient and health professional. However, no statistically significant effect was found for doctor facilitation, treatment adherence or depressive symptoms. The certainty of the evidence was very low for all outcomes. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Using decision aids to choose treatment in patients with depression may have a a beneficial effect on decisional-related outcomes, but it may not translate into an improvement in clinical outcomes.

Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo inicial de artritis reumatoide en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud) / Clinical Practice Guideline for the diagnosis and initial management of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud)

La Artritis Reumatoide (AR) tiene adversas consecuencias en la salud su diagnóstico temprano y manejo óptimo requiere recomendaciones basadas en evidencia de alta calidad adaptadas a cada sistema de salud. Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el diagnóstico y manejo inicial de la AR. Material y Métodos: Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 10 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de la evidencia publicada en PubMed y CENTRAL entre diciembre 2017 a julio 2019 (revisiones sistemáticas y ­cuando fue considerado pertinente­ estudios primarios). Se seleccionó la evidencia de mayor calidad para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) y en reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó dicha metodología para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buena práctica clínica y los flujogramas. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 132 ­ IETSI ­ ESSALUD ­ 2019. Resultados: La presente GPC abordó 10 preguntas clínicas, divididas en dos temas: diagnóstico y manejo. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 16 recomendaciones (5 fuertes y 11 condicionales), 45 puntos de buena práctica clínica, y 3 flujogramas. Conclusión: El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para el diagnóstico y manejo inicial de la AR en EsSalud.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has adverse health consequences its early diagnosis and optimal management requires high quality evidence-based recommendations tailored to each health system. Objective: To provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and initial management of RA. Material and Methods: A guideline development group (GDG) was formed that included medical specialists and methodologists. The GEG formulated 10 clinical questions to be answered by this CPG. Systematic searches of the evidence published in PubMed and CENTRAL were performed between December 2017 and July 2019 (systematic reviews and -when considered relevant- primary studies). The highest quality evidence was selected to answer each of the clinical questions posed. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, and in periodic working meetings, the GEG used this methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, good clinical practice points, and flowcharts. Finally, the CPG was approved by Resolution No. 132 - IETSI - ESSALUD - 2019. Results: This CPG addressed 10 clinical questions, divided into two topics: diagnosis and management. Based on these questions, 16 recommendations (5 strong and 11 conditional), 45 points of good clinical practice, and 3 flowcharts were formulated. Conclusion: This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions of the CPG for the diagnosis and initial management of RA in EsSalud.

Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo de cáncer de cuello uterino estadios tempranos / Clinical practice guideline for the management of early-stage cervical cancer

Introducción: Este artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el manejo de cáncer de cuello uterino estadios tempranos (IA1, IA2, IB1, IB2 o IIA1) en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el manejo de cáncer de cuello uterino estadios tempranos en EsSalud. Material y métodos: Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 8 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y ­cuando fue considerado pertinente­ estudios primarios en Pubmed, Embase y CENTRAL durante el 2017 - 2018. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buenas prácticas clínicas y los flujogramas de manejo. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 27-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. Resultados: La presente GPC abordó 8 preguntas clínicas abordando el manejo del cáncer de cuello uterino en estadios tempranos. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 10 recomendaciones (2 recomendaciones fuertes y 8 recomendaciones condicionales), 7 puntos de buena práctica clínica, y 4 flujogramas. Conclusión: El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para el manejo del cáncer de cuello uterino en estadios tempranos en EsSalud.

Introduction: This article summarizes the clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of early stage cervical cancer (IA1, IA2, IB1, IB2 or IIA1) in the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud). Objective: To provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the management of early stage cervical cancer in EsSalud. Material and methods: A guideline development group (GEG) was formed that included medical specialists and methodologists. The GEG formulated 8 clinical questions to be answered by this CPG. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and -when considered relevant- primary studies were performed in Pubmed, Embase and CENTRAL during 2017 - 2018. Evidence was selected to answer each of the clinical questions posed. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic working meetings, the GEG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate recommendations, good clinical practice points, and management flowcharts. Finally, the CPG was approved by Resolution No. 27-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. Results: This CPG addressed 8 clinical questions on the management of early stage cervical cancer. Based on these questions, 10 recommendations were formulated (2 strong recommendations and 8 conditional recommendations), 7 points of good clinical practice, and 4 flowcharts. Conclusion: This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions of the CPG for the management of early stage cervical cancer in EsSalud.

Diagnostic accuracy of urine dipstick testing for albumin-to-creatinine ratio and albuminuria: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The accuracy of urine dipsticks to detect increased albuminuria is uncertain. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of urine dipsticks for detecting albuminuria. METHODS: A systematic review of studies that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of urine dipstick testing for detecting albuminuria has been conducted (using as reference standard the albuminuria in a 24-hour sample or the albumin-to-creatinine ratio) in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The risk of bias of the included studies has been assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Whenever possible, we performed meta-analyses for sensitivity and specificity. The certainty of the evidence has also been assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies have been included in this review, having assessed all albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) as assessed standard. Each study used different dipstick types. The resulting pooled sensitivity and specificity for each cutoff point were as follows: for ACR >30 mg/g (13 studies): 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.76-0.87) and 0.88 (0.83-0.91); for ACR 30-300 mg/g (7 studies): 0.72 (0.68-0.77) and 0.82 (0.76-0.89); and for ACR >300 mg/g (7 studies): 0.84 (0.71-0.90) and 0.97 (0.95-0.99), respectively. An overall high risk of bias, an important heterogeneity in all pooled analysis, and a very low certainty of the evidence have been found. CONCLUSIONS: Pooled sensitivity and specificity of urine dipsticks have been calculated for different ACR cutoff points. However, the dipstick types differed across studies, and the certainty of the evidence was very low. Thus, further well-designed studies are needed to reach more confident estimates and to assess accuracy differences across dipstick types. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42019124637).

Performance of the CKD-EPI and MDRD equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate: a systematic review of Latin American studies.

BACKGROUND: The most-used equations for estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations. However, it is unclear which of these shows better performance in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of two equations for estimated GFR (eGFR) in Latin American countries. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review and meta-analysis in Latin American countries. METHODS: We searched in three databases to identify studies that reported eGFR using both equations and compared them with measured GFR (mGFR) using exogenous filtration markers, among adults in Latin American countries. We performed meta-analyses on P30, bias (using mean difference [MD] and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]), sensitivity and specificity; and evaluated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE methodology. RESULTS: We included 12 papers, and meta-analyzed six (five from Brazil and one from Mexico). Meta-analyses that compared CKD-EPI using creatinine measured with calibration traceable to isotope dilution mass spectrometry (CKD-EPI-Cr IDMS) and using MDRD-4 IDMS did not show differences in bias (MD: 0.55 ml/min/1.73m2; 95% CI: -3.34 to 4.43), P30 (MD: 4%; 95% CI: -2% to 11%), sensitivity (76% and 75%) and specificity (91% and 89%), with very low certainty of evidence for bias and P30, and low certainty of evidence for sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION: We found that the performances of CKD-EPI-Cr IDMS and MDRD-4 IDMS did not differ significantly. However, since most of the meta-analyzed studies were from Brazil, the results cannot be extrapolated to other Latin American countries. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42019123434) - https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019123434.

Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en enfermedades gastroduodenales en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud) / Clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases of the Peruvian Health Social Security (EsSalud)

RESUMEN Introducción : El presente artículo resume las recomendaciones basadas en evidencia de la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en enfermedades gastroduodenales. Métodos : Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos que formuló siete preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y -cuando se consideró pertinenteestudios primarios en PubMed y CCENTRAL durante diciembre 2019 y marzo 2020. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas y la certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buena práctica clínica y los flujogramas. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución Resolución N° 104-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. Resultados: La presente GPC abordó siete preguntas clínicas, divididas en cuatro temas. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 12 recomendaciones (3 fuertes y 9 condicionales), 17 BPC, y dos flujogramas (uno de diagnóstico y otro de manejo). Conclusión : El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para el diagnóstico y manejo inicial de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en enfermedades gastroduodenales.

ABSTRACT Introduction : This article summarizes the evidence-based recommendations of the clinical practice guide (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases. Methods : For the provision of these recommendations, a guideline development group (local GDG) was established, including medical specialists and methodologists that formulated seven clinical questions. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and -when it was considered pertinentprimary studies were conducted in PubMed and CENTRAL during December 2017 and July 2019. The evidence to answer each of the posed clinical questions was selected. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the local GDG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, points of good clinical practice, and flowcharts. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution N° 104-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. Results: This CPG addressed seven clinical questions, divided into four topics. Based on these questions, 12 recommendations (3 strong and 9 weak), 17 points of good clinical practice, and two flowcharts (one for diagnosis and another for management) were formulated. Conclusion : This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions from the CPG for for the diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases.

Performance of the CKD-EPI and MDRD equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate: a systematic review of Latin American studies

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The most-used equations for estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations. However, it is unclear which of these shows better performance in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of two equations for estimated GFR (eGFR) in Latin American countries. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review and meta-analysis in Latin American countries. METHODS: We searched in three databases to identify studies that reported eGFR using both equations and compared them with measured GFR (mGFR) using exogenous filtration markers, among adults in Latin American countries. We performed meta-analyses on P30, bias (using mean difference [MD] and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]), sensitivity and specificity; and evaluated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE methodology. RESULTS: We included 12 papers, and meta-analyzed six (five from Brazil and one from Mexico). Meta-analyses that compared CKD-EPI using creatinine measured with calibration traceable to isotope dilution mass spectrometry (CKD-EPI-Cr IDMS) and using MDRD-4 IDMS did not show differences in bias (MD: 0.55 ml/min/1.73m2; 95% CI: -3.34 to 4.43), P30 (MD: 4%; 95% CI: -2% to 11%), sensitivity (76% and 75%) and specificity (91% and 89%), with very low certainty of evidence for bias and P30, and low certainty of evidence for sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION: We found that the performances of CKD-EPI-Cr IDMS and MDRD-4 IDMS did not differ significantly. However, since most of the meta-analyzed studies were from Brazil, the results cannot be extrapolated to other Latin American countries. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42019123434) - https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019123434.

[Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management chronic infection of hepatitis viral C of the Peruvian Health Social Security (EsSalud)]. / Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la infección crónica por el virus de hepatitis C en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud).

INTRODUCTION: This article summarizes the clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic infection of hepatitis viral C of the Peruvian Health Social Security (EsSalud). OBJECTIVE: To provide clinical recommendations based on evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic infection of hepatitis viral C in EsSalud. METHODS: A guideline development group (GDG) was established, including medical specialists and methodologists. The GDG formulated 4 clinical questions to be answered in this CPG. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and primary studies (when pertinent) were conducted in PubMed, and Central (Cochrane) during 2019. The evidence was selected to answer each of the clinical questions. The accuracy of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the GEG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, the points of good clinical practice and the treatment flowchart. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution No. 151-IETSIESSALUD-2019. RESULTS: The present CPG addressed 4 clinical questions of four topics: screening, diagnosis, staging and treatment. Based on these questions, 13 recommendations (8 strong recommendations and 5 weak recommendations), 27 points of good clinical practice, and 1 flowchart were formulated. CONCLUSION: This paper summarizes the methodology and evidencebased conclusions from the CPG for for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic infection of hepatitis viral C of the EsSalud.

[Clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases of the Peruvian Health Social Security (EsSalud)]. / Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en enfermedades gastroduodenales en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud).

INTRODUCTION: This article summarizes the evidence-based recommendations of the clinical practice guide (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases. METHODS: For the provision of these recommendations, a guideline development group (local GDG) was established, including medical specialists andmethodologists that formulated seven clinical questions. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and -when it was considered pertinent- primary studies were conducted in PubMed and CENTRAL during December 2017 and July 2019. The evidence to answer each of the posed clinical questions was selected. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading ofRecommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the local GDG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, points of good clinical practice, and flowcharts. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution N° 104-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. RESULTS: This CPG addressed seven clinical questions, divided into four topics. Based on these questions, 12 recommendations (3 strong and 9 weak), 17 points of good clinical practice, and two flowcharts (one for diagnosis and another for management) were formulated. CONCLUSION: This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions from the CPG for for the diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases.

Text message reminders for improving sun protection habits: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of skin cancer and other conditions. SMS text reminders may be a useful tool to improve sun protection habits due to its massive reach, low cost, and accessibility. OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of SMS text reminders in promoting sun protection habits. METHODS: We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Central Cochrane Library, and Scopus; following the PRISMA recommendations to perform systematic reviews. We included RCTs published up to December 2018, which evaluated the benefits and harms of SMS text reminders to improve sun protection habits. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed whenever possible. The certainty of the evidence was assessed for RCTs estimates using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018091661). RESULTS: Five RCTs were included in this review. When pooled, the studies found no effect of SMS text reminders in "sunburn anytime during follow-up" (two studies, risk ratio: 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.83-1.05). Contradictory results were obtained for sunscreen use (three RCTs) and sun protection habits (two RCTs), however, they could not be meta-analyzed because outcomes were measured differently across studies. The certainty of the evidence was very low for these three outcomes according to GRADE methodology. CONCLUSIONS: RCTs that assessed effects of SMS text reminders did not find a significant benefit on objective outcomes, such as having a sunburn, sunscreen use and composite score of sun protection habits. Since certainty of the evidence was very low, future high-quality studies are needed to reach a conclusion regarding the balance of desirable and undesirable outcomes. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO (CRD42018091661).

Efficacy and safety of cryotherapy, cold cone or thermocoagulation compared to LEEP as a therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of the use of cryotherapy, cold knife or thermocoagulation compared to Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. METHODS: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia undergoing treatment with cryotherapy, cold knife, or thermo-coagulation compared with LEEP, to estimate its efficacy and safety. The search was conducted on MEDLINE/PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Scopus, until September 2018. RESULTS: The total of 72 studies were identified, of which only 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The treatment of CIN with cold knife decreases the risk of residual disease compared with LEEP (RR, 0.54, 95%CI, 0.30-0.96, p = 0.04). The management of premalignant lesions with cryotherapy, compared with LEEP, increases the risk of disease recurrence by 86% (RR, 1.86, 95%CI, 1.16-2.97, p = 0.01), increases the risk of infections (RR, 1.17, 95%CI, 1.08-1.28, p < 0.001) and reduces the risk of minor bleeding by 51% (RR, 0.49, 95%CI) %, 0.40-0.59, p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of premalignant lesions of cervical cancer with cold knife reduces the risk of residual disease. Nevertheless, cryotherapy reduces the risk of minor bleeding in the 24 hours after treatment and increases the risk of recurrence of disease and infections.

Efficacy and safety of cryotherapy, cold cone or thermocoagulation compared to LEEP as a therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Systematic review / Eficacia y seguridad de crioterapia, cono frio o termo-coagulación en comparación con LEEP como terapia para la neoplasia intraepitelial cervical: Revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and safety of the use of cryotherapy, cold knife or thermocoagulation compared to Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. METHODS Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia undergoing treatment with cryotherapy, cold knife, or thermo-coagulation compared with LEEP, to estimate its efficacy and safety. The search was conducted on MEDLINE/PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Scopus, until September 2018. RESULTS The total of 72 studies were identified, of which only 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The treatment of CIN with cold knife decreases the risk of residual disease compared with LEEP (RR, 0.54, 95%CI, 0.30-0.96, p = 0.04). The management of premalignant lesions with cryotherapy, compared with LEEP, increases the risk of disease recurrence by 86% (RR, 1.86, 95%CI, 1.16-2.97, p = 0.01), increases the risk of infections (RR, 1.17, 95%CI, 1.08-1.28, p < 0.001) and reduces the risk of minor bleeding by 51% (RR, 0.49, 95%CI) %, 0.40-0.59, p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The treatment of premalignant lesions of cervical cancer with cold knife reduces the risk of residual disease. Nevertheless, cryotherapy reduces the risk of minor bleeding in the 24 hours after treatment and increases the risk of recurrence of disease and infections.

RESUMEN OBJETIVOS Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del uso de crioterapia, cono frio o termo-coagulación en comparación con el procedimiento de escisión electroquirúrgica en asa (LEEP) para el manejo de neoplasias intraepiteliales cervicales. MÉTODOS Revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorizados en mujeres con neoplasia intraepitelial cervical en tratamiento con crioterapia, cono frio, o termo coagulación y LEEP, para estimar su eficacia y seguridad. La búsqueda se realizó en MEDLINE/PUBMED, Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados (CENTRAL) y Scopus, hasta setiembre de 2018. RESULTADOS Se identificaron 72 estudios, ocho cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Cono frio disminuyó el riesgo de enfermedad residual en comparación con LEEP (RR 0,54; IC del 95%, 0,30-0,96, p = 0,04). Crioterapia en comparación con LEEP incrementó el riesgo de recurrencia de enfermedad en un 86,0% (RR 1,86; IC del 95%, 1,16-2,97, p = 0,01) con un tiempo de seguimiento de seis a 24 meses, y de infecciones (RR, 1,17; IC del 95%, 1,08-1,28, p < 0,001); pero redujo el riesgo de sangrado menor en un 51,0% (RR 0,49; IC del 95%, 0,40-0,59, p ≤ 0,001). CONCLUSIONES Cono frio reduce el riesgo de enfermedad residual. Sin embargo, la crioterapia reduce el riesgo de sangrado menor en las 24 horas posteriores al tratamiento e incrementa el riesgo de recurrencia de enfermedad y de infecciones.

Maniobra Kristeller, consecuencias físicas y éticas según sus protagonistas / Kristeller Maneuver, physical and ethical consequences according to its central characters

Introducción: La maniobra Kristeller consiste en hacer presión del fondo uterino en el período expulsivo, la segunda etapa del trabajo de parto. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia, características de la aplicación de la maniobra Kristeller y consecuencias físicas y éticas en puérperas de un hospital de alta complejidad en Lima, Perú. Métodos: Diseño descriptivo transversal y prospectivo. Se incluyeron 250 puérperas de parto vaginal, con gestación única a término, atendidas en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue, entre agosto y diciembre de 2016. Se usó cuestionario -Stop Kristeller- realizado por la Asociación Española El parto es nuestro. Se les aplicó un cuestionario validado por expertos a las puérperas durante su estancia. Se realizó análisis descriptivo mostrando los resultados en frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: Se evidenció que a 116 de ellas (46,4 por ciento) se les realizó la maniobra Kristeller. Con respecto a las características de la realización de la maniobra 77,6 por ciento refirió que se realizó con las palmas de las manos, más del 70 por ciento refirió que fue entre una y tres veces y 75,9 por ciento señaló que solo una persona la realizó. El 32,8 por ciento reportó haber sufrido desgarro vaginal y 51,7 por ciento refirió que no solicitaron su consentimiento para realizar la maniobra. Conclusiones: Existe elevada prevalencia de la utilización de la maniobra, las características de su aplicación siguen pautas descritas por Samuel Kristeller, entre las consecuencias físicas encontradas están los desgarros perineales superficiales y profundos y en muchos casos las condiciones bioéticas no se cumplieron(AU)

Introduction: The Kristeller maneuver consists in making fundal pressure during the second stage of labor. Objective: To determine the prevalence, characteristics of the application of Kristeller maneuver and the physical and ethical consequences in puerperal women of a highly complex hospital in Lima, Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional and prospective descriptive study was carried out in 250 puerperal women of vaginal delivery, with single gestation at term, assisted at Hipólito Unanue National Hospital, from August to December 2016. This research used the Stop Kristeller questionnaire - prepared by the Spanish Association El parto es nuestro. A questionnaire validated by experts was applied to the puerperal women during their stay. A descriptive analysis was made and the results in frequencies and percentages are shown. Results: It was showed that 116 of them (46.4 percent) underwent Kristeller maneuver. Regarding the characteristics of the maneuver performance, 77.6 percent reported that it was performed with hand palms, more than 70 percent reported that this maneuver was done between one and three times and 75.9 percent indicated that only one person performed it. Vaginal tear was reported in 32.8 percent and 51.7 percent reported their consent to perform the maneuver was not requested. Conclusions: There is high prevalence of the use of this maneuver. The characteristics of its application follow the guidelines described by Samuel Kristeller. Superficial and deep perineal tears are among the physical consequences and in many cases, bioethical conditions were not fulfilled(AU)

Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención y manejo del parto pretérmino en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud), 2018 / Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud) 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for prevention and management of preterm births

El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para la prevención y manejo del parto pretérmino en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Para el desarrollo de esta GPC, se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó especialistas clínicos y metodólogos, el cual formuló 11 preguntas clínicas. Para responder cada pregunta se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas en Pubmed y en repositorios de GPC, y se seleccionó la evidencia pertinente. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y emitir las recomendaciones. Se emitieron 20 recomendaciones (13 fuertes y 7 condicionales), 24 puntos de buena práctica clínica, una recomendación de implementación y un flujograma.

This paper features a summary of the Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for prevention and management of preterm birth. A specialized group was formed for writing this CPG, which included clinical and methodology specialists, who formulated 11 clinical questions. Systematic searches in PubMed and CPG repositories were performed aiming to answer the questions, and relevant evidence was selected. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In regular work meetings, the specialized group used the GRADE approach for reviewing the evidence and for developing recommendations. At the end, this CPG formulated twenty recommendations (13 strong and 7 conditional), 24 good clinical practice points, one recommendation for implementation, and a flowchart.