Stylasterids (Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) from Mar del Plata submarine canyon and adjacent area (southwestern Atlantic), with a key to the species off Argentina.

The Argentine continental margin is a poorly explored area as regards its benthic biodiversity. Few works have been made near the Brazil-Malvinas confluence (around 38° S) regarding corals, especially in deep waters (over 1000 m). Hitherto 17 species of stylasterids are known from southwestern Atlantic (SWA) off Argentina. Fourteen species of stylasterids collected from the Mar del Plata submarine canyon and adjacent area in years 2012 and 2013 at depths between 800 and 2200 m are discussed, including the descriptions of 13 of them. The geographic distribution of six species and bathymetric range of occurrence of two species are broadened in this work. Stations where most specimens were collected are located in areas where sedimentation is known to be scarce. Species in common between the study area and the Antarctic region, south of Chile, South Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia suggest the Circumpolar Antarctic Current and the Malvinas Current are the means for dispersion. A key of identification of all stylasterid species off Argentina is included.

Growth and antioxidant response of juvenile oysters Crassostrea sikamea and Crassostrea corteziensis treated with Streptomyces strains / Crescimento e resposta oxidative de ostras jovens Crassostrea sikamea e Crassostrea corteziensis tratadas com cultura Streptomyces

The effect of three Streptomyces strains (N7, RL8 and V4) and a mixture of Bacillus (BMix) on the growth (Weight, Size) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in hatchery-reared juvenile oysters Crassostrea corteziensis and Crassostrea sikamea was investigated to determine their probiotic potential. Microorganisms were added to culture water at 1×106 CFU/ml once a day during 30 days and all oysters fed daily a microalgae mix. Juveniles of C. sikamea treated with strains N7, RL8 and V4 had a significant weight gain compared to the control group. C. corteziensis juveniles treated with strains RL8 and BMix showed a significantly higher weight gain than the control group. No significant size increase was observed in any treated group for both oyster species. SOD activity significantly increased in C. sikamea treated with RL8 and with RL8, N7 and BMix in C. corteziensis. Streptomyces strains RL8 and N7 emerge as promising probiotic agents to cultivate C. sikamea and C. corteziensis and may also be useful to other molluscs and marine invertebrates .(AU)

O efeito de três culturas Streptomyces (N7, RL8 e V4) e uma mistura de Bacillus (BMix) sobre o cresimento (Peso, Tamanho) e atividade superóxido dismutase (SOD) em ostras jovens Crassostrea corteziensis e Crassostrea sikamea cultivadas artificalmente foi investigado para determinar seu potencial probiótico. Microorganismos foram adicionados à água de cultura a 1×10 6 CFU/ml uma vez por dia durante 30 dias e todas as ostras foram alimentadas diariamente com uma mistura de microalgas. Jovens C. sikamea tratados com culturas N7, RL8 e V4 tiveram ganho de peso significativo quando comparado ao grupo de controle. Jovens C. corteziensis tratados com culturas RL8 e BMix demonstraram peso significativamente mais algo que o grupo de controle. Nenhum aumento em tamanho foi observado em grupos tratados em ambas espécies. A atividade SOD foi significamente aumentada em C. sikamea treatado com RL8 e com RL8, N7 e BMix em C. corteziensis. Culturas Streptomyces RL8 e N7 surgem como agentes probióticos promissores para o cultivo de C. sikamea e C. corteziensis e podem ser úteis para outros moluscos animais marinhos invertebrados.(AU)

Growth and antioxidant response of juvenile oysters Crassostrea sikamea and Crassostrea corteziensis treated with Streptomyces strains / Crescimento e resposta oxidative de ostras jovens Crassostrea sikamea e Crassostrea corteziensis tratadas com cultura Streptomyces

The effect of three Streptomyces strains (N7, RL8 and V4) and a mixture of Bacillus (BMix) on the growth (Weight, Size) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in hatchery-reared juvenile oysters Crassostrea corteziensis and Crassostrea sikamea was investigated to determine their probiotic potential. Microorganisms were added to culture water at 1×106 CFU/ml once a day during 30 days and all oysters fed daily a microalgae mix. Juveniles of C. sikamea treated with strains N7, RL8 and V4 had a significant weight gain compared to the control group. C. corteziensis juveniles treated with strains RL8 and BMix showed a significantly higher weight gain than the control group. No significant size increase was observed in any treated group for both oyster species. SOD activity significantly increased in C. sikamea treated with RL8 and with RL8, N7 and BMix in C. corteziensis. Streptomyces strains RL8 and N7 emerge as promising probiotic agents to cultivate C. sikamea and C. corteziensis and may also be useful to other molluscs and marine invertebrates .(AU)

O efeito de três culturas Streptomyces (N7, RL8 e V4) e uma mistura de Bacillus (BMix) sobre o cresimento (Peso, Tamanho) e atividade superóxido dismutase (SOD) em ostras jovens Crassostrea corteziensis e Crassostrea sikamea cultivadas artificalmente foi investigado para determinar seu potencial probiótico. Microorganismos foram adicionados à água de cultura a 1×10 6 CFU/ml uma vez por dia durante 30 dias e todas as ostras foram alimentadas diariamente com uma mistura de microalgas. Jovens C. sikamea tratados com culturas N7, RL8 e V4 tiveram ganho de peso significativo quando comparado ao grupo de controle. Jovens C. corteziensis tratados com culturas RL8 e BMix demonstraram peso significativamente mais algo que o grupo de controle. Nenhum aumento em tamanho foi observado em grupos tratados em ambas espécies. A atividade SOD foi significamente aumentada em C. sikamea treatado com RL8 e com RL8, N7 e BMix em C. corteziensis. Culturas Streptomyces RL8 e N7 surgem como agentes probióticos promissores para o cultivo de C. sikamea e C. corteziensis e podem ser úteis para outros moluscos animais marinhos invertebrados.(AU)

Redes sociales y adherencia al trasplante renal / Social networks and adherence to kidney transplantation

INTRODUCCIÓN El trasplante renal constituye una alternativa terapéutica para personas con enfermedad renal crónica. Permite mejorar considerablemente la calidad de vida del sujeto. Sin embargo, su éxito depende de la adherencia a un complejo tratamiento postrasplante. OBJETIVOS Caracterizar las redes de apoyo (relaciones interpersonales) y su asociación con la adherencia al tratamiento en personas que han recibido un trasplante renal en la Unidad de Trasplante Renal del Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San Martín (Centro Regional de Ablación e Implante Sur, CRAI SUR) y se alojan en el Hogar de Tránsito del Centro Único Coordinador de Ablación e Implante de Buenos Aires (CUCAIBA) o concurren a él para realizar controles. MÉTODOS Se utilizó un abordaje etnográfico, que incluyó técnicas de recolección de datos cuali-cuantitativas basadas en entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se emplearon metodologías de redes sociales y análisis estadísticos multivariado. RESULTADOS Los resultados obtenidos a partir de la encuesta realizada a 35 personas trasplantadas indican que sus redes de apoyo social varían en tamaño, composición y propiedades. En su mayoría las redes están compuestas por familiares, en particular mujeres mayores de 40 años. La representación de personal de salud es relativamente baja. En cuanto al tipo de ayuda recibida, se destaca la afectivo-emocional por sobre la informacional y material. De acuerdo con los resultados, la mayor adherencia se vincula a la cantidad de ayuda recibida y a la densidad de la red, pero no a su tamaño. DISCUSIÓN Este estudio destaca la importancia del apoyo de la red social en la conducta de adherencia terapéutica de los pacientes trasplantados renales.

Origen alto de la arteria radial (Arteria braquirradial superficial): Presentación de 3 casos / High origin of the radial artery (superficial brachialarterial artery): Presentation of 3 cases

Se presentan tres casos de nacimiento alto de la arteria radial, todos en el miembro derecho, uno a nivel del tercio superior de la arteria braquial, el segundo caso a nivel del tercio medio de la misma y en el tercer caso el nacimiento de la arteria radial se produce a nivel de la arteria axilar. En todos los casos tienen un trayecto superficial en el brazo y antebrazo. En la mano forman el arco palmar arterial profundo de manera habitual. Estos casos representan el 7,5% de los 40 miembros disecados. El origen alto de la arteria radial es la variante más frecuente dentro de las anomalías del árbol arterial del miembro superior. Su importancia radica en el aumento de los procedimientos percutáneos sobre la arteria radial en cateterismos coronarios y en el cada vez más utilizado colgajo radial en las cirugías reconstructivas. Su trayecto superficial favorece los traumatismos y la confusión con venas, situación que puede ocasionar inyecciones medicamentosas accidentales en estas arterias con sus graves consecuencias.

We present three cases of high birth of the radial artery, all on the right limbone at the upper third of the brachial artery, the second at the middle third of the artery, and in the third case the radial artery arises at the level of the axillary artery. In all cases they have a superficial path in the arm and forearm. In the hand they form the deep arterial arch of the palmar in the usual way. These cases represent 7.5% of the 40 dissected members. The high birth of the radial artery is the most frequent variant within the arterial tree anomalies of the upper limb. Its importance lies in the increase of the percutaneous procedures on the radial artery in coronary catheterisms and in the increasingly used radial flap in the reconstructive surgeries. Its superficial pathway favors trauma and confusion with veins, a situation that can cause accidental drug injections in these arteries with their serious consequences.

Streptomyces effect on the bacterial microbiota associated to Crassostrea sikamea oyster.

AIM: To determine the composition and diversity of the microbiota associated to Crassostrea sikamea treated during 30 days with Streptomyces strains N7 and RL8. METHODS AND RESULTS: DNA was extracted from oysters followed by 16S rRNA gene amplification and pyrosequencing. The highest and lowest species diversity richness was observed in the initial and final control group, whereas Streptomyces-treated oysters exhibited intermediate values. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (81·4-95·1%), followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The genera Anderseniella, Oceanicola, Roseovarius, Ruegeria, Sulfitobacter, Granulosicoccus and Marinicella encompassed the core microbiota of all experimental groups. The genus Bacteriovorax was detected in all groups except in the final control and the depurated N7, whereas Vibrio remained undetected in all Streptomyces-treated groups. RL8 was the only group that harboured the genus Streptomyces in its microbiota. Principal component analysis showed that Streptomyces strains significantly changed oyster microbiota with respect to the initial and final control. CONCLUSIONS: Crassostrea sikamea treated with Streptomyces showed high species diversity and a microbiota composition shift, characterized by keeping the predator genus Bacteriovorax and decreasing the pathogenic Vibrio. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first culture-independent study showing the effect of Streptomyces over the oyster microbiota. It also sheds light about the potential use of Streptomyces to improve mollusc health and safety for consumers after the depuration process.

Vivencias cotidianas en espacios clínicos del estudiante de enfermería / Nursing students' daily experiences in clinical spaces / Vivências cotidianas em espaços clínicos do estudante de enfermagem

Objetivo: Comprender las vivencias cotidianas en espacios clínicos del estudiante de enfermería. Métodos: Es un estudio cualitativo con método fenomenológico, se recolectó la información a través de 8 entrevistas a profundidad, a estudiantes de 4.o año de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Escuela Superior de Enfermería Culiacán, México. Tras obtener el consentimiento se les informó individualmente del estudio y su desarrollo, respetando la confidencialidad y la veracidad de los datos. El análisis de discurso permitió señalar conceptos significativos y asignar códigos para generar categorías. La validación de los resultados fueron credibilidad, confirmabilidad y transferibilidad. Resultados: Se trata de resultados preliminares, se presenta el análisis de la primera categoría, 1) Significados del espacio clínico, con 3 subcategorías: 1.1 satisfacción en espacios clínicos, 1.2 aprendizajes en espacios clínicos, y 1.3 figura simbólica en espacios clínicos. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes manifestaron satisfacción y agrado porque van motivados a aprender y realizan actividades novedosas en los espacios clínicos. Además la enfermera del servicio simboliza el apoyo y enseñanza en los escenarios clínicos. Sin embargo, al referirse a los cuidados que realizan, estos aprendizajes están enfocados, como se ha señalado, a espacios planificados, fragmentados, basados en técnicas y procedimientos, como toma de signos vitales, tendido de cama y administración de medicamentos.

Objective: To comprehend the daily experiences of nursing students in their clinical spaces. Method: This is a qualitative study using a phenomenological method. Data were collected through 8 in-depth interviews to senior students enrolled in the Nursing Baccalaureate at the Nursing Superior School, Culiacan, Mexico. After gathering their corresponding informed consents, students were individually updated on the study development, always respecting the data confidentiality and veracity. The discourse analysis allowed to identify significant concepts, and assign them codes to form categories. The validation of the results included credibility, confirmability, and transferability. Results: Preliminary results refer to the analysis of the first category, 1) meanings of the clinical space, with its three sub-categories: 1.1: satisfaction in the clinical spaces, 1.2: learning in the clinical spaces, and 1.3: symbolical figure in the clinical spaces. Conclusions: Students expressed satisfaction and comfort because they go motivated to learn, and they perform novel activities in the clinical spaces. Also, the service nurse is a symbol of support and teaching within the clinical spaces. Nevertheless, while addressing their care duties, students stated that this learning is focused on planned and fragmented spaces and based on techniques and procedures such as vital signs readings, making beds, and medication dispensing.

Objetivo: Compreender as vivencias cotidianas em espaços clínicos do estudante de enfermagem. Métodos: É um estudo qualitativo com método fenomenológico, coletou-se a informação a través de 8 entrevistas a profundidade, a estudantes de 4° ano da Licenciatura em enfermagem da Escola Superior de Enfermagem Culiacán, México. Depois de obter o consentimento foram informados individualmente do estúdio e seu desenvolvimento, respeitando a confidencialidade e a veracidade 2 dados. A análise de discurso permitiu assinalar conceitos significativos, atribuir códigos para gerar categorias. A validação dos resultados foram credibilidade, confirmabilidade e transferibilidade. Resultados: Trata-se de resultados preliminares, apresenta-se a análise da primeira categoria, 1) Significados do espaço clínico, com três subcategorias: 1.1 satisfação em espaços clínicos, 1.2 aprendizagens em espaços clínicos, 1.3 figura simbólica em espaços clínicos. Conclusões: Os estudantes manifestaram satisfação e agrado porque estão motivados a aprender e realizam atividades inovadoras nos espaços clínicos. Além disso, a enfermeira de serviço simboliza o apoio e o ensino nos cenários clínicos. Porém, ao se referir aos cuidados que realizam, estes aprendizados estão focalizados, como se tem assinalado, aos espaços planificados, fragmentados, baseados em técnicas e procedimentos, como a toma de sinais vitais, o estendido de cama, a administração de medicamentos.

Impact of photon cross section uncertainties on Monte Carlo-determined depth-dose distributions.

This work studies the impact of systematic uncertainties associated to interaction cross sections on depth dose curves determined by Monte Carlo simulations. The corresponding sensitivity factors are quantified by changing cross sections by a given amount and determining the variation in the dose. The influence of total and partial photon cross sections is addressed. Partial cross sections for Compton and Rayleigh scattering, photo-electric effect, and pair production have been accounted for. The PENELOPE code was used in all simulations. It was found that photon cross section sensitivity factors depend on depth. In addition, they are positive and negative for depths below and above an equilibrium depth, respectively. At this depth, sensitivity factors are null. The equilibrium depths found in this work agree very well with the mean free path of the corresponding incident photon energy. Using the sensitivity factors reported here, it is possible to estimate the impact of photon cross section uncertainties on the uncertainty of Monte Carlo-determined depth dose curves.

Track structure modeling in liquid water: A review of the Geant4-DNA very low energy extension of the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit.

Understanding the fundamental mechanisms involved in the induction of biological damage by ionizing radiation remains a major challenge of today's radiobiology research. The Monte Carlo simulation of physical, physicochemical and chemical processes involved may provide a powerful tool for the simulation of early damage induction. The Geant4-DNA extension of the general purpose Monte Carlo Geant4 simulation toolkit aims to provide the scientific community with an open source access platform for the mechanistic simulation of such early damage. This paper presents the most recent review of the Geant4-DNA extension, as available to Geant4 users since June 2015 (release 10.2 Beta). In particular, the review includes the description of new physical models for the description of electron elastic and inelastic interactions in liquid water, as well as new examples dedicated to the simulation of physicochemical and chemical stages of water radiolysis. Several implementations of geometrical models of biological targets are presented as well, and the list of Geant4-DNA examples is described.

QuBiLs-MAS method in early drug discovery and rational drug identification of antifungal agents.

The QuBiLs-MAS approach is used for the in silico modelling of the antifungal activity of organic molecules. To this effect, non-stochastic (NS) and simple-stochastic (SS) atom-based quadratic indices are used to codify chemical information for a comprehensive dataset of 2478 compounds having a great structural variability, with 1087 of them being antifungal agents, covering the broadest antifungal mechanisms of action known so far. The NS and SS index-based antifungal activity classification models obtained using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) yield correct classification percentages of 90.73% and 92.47%, respectively, for the training set. Additionally, these models are able to correctly classify 92.16% and 87.56% of 706 compounds in an external test set. A comparison of the statistical parameters of the QuBiLs-MAS LDA-based models with those for models reported in the literature reveals comparable to superior performance, although the latter were built over much smaller and less diverse datasets, representing fewer mechanisms of action. It may therefore be inferred that the QuBiLs-MAS method constitutes a valuable tool useful in the design and/or selection of new and broad spectrum agents against life-threatening fungal infections.

The Influence of DNA Configuration on the Direct Strand Break Yield.

PURPOSE: To study the influence of DNA configuration on the direct damage yield. No indirect effect has been accounted for. METHODS: The GEANT4-DNA code was used to simulate the interactions of protons and alpha particles with geometrical models of the A-, B-, and Z-DNA configurations. The direct total, single, and double strand break yields and site-hit probabilities were determined. Certain features of the energy deposition process were also studied. RESULTS: A slight increase of the site-hit probability as a function of the incident particle linear energy transfer was found for each DNA configuration. Each DNA form presents a well-defined site-hit probability, independently of the particle linear energy transfer. Approximately 70% of the inelastic collisions and ~60% of the absorbed dose are due to secondary electrons. These fractions are slightly higher for protons than for alpha particles at the same incident energy. CONCLUSIONS: The total direct strand break yield for a given DNA form depends weakly on DNA conformation topology. This yield is practically determined by the target volume of the DNA configuration. However, the double strand break yield increases with the packing ratio of the DNA double helix; thus, it depends on the DNA conformation.

Hemiartroplastía de cúpula radial en pacientes con fractura tipo III y IV según Mason Johnston / Hemiarthroplasty of the radial head in patients with Mason Johnston types III and IV fracture

Introducción: La cabeza radial es un estabilizador primario e importante del codo mayormente para la estabilidad en valgo, desplazamiento postero-lateral, axial del radio y carga en varo. Las fracturas de cabeza radial representan de 1.7 al 5% de todas las fracturas en adultos, de 17 al 19% en los traumas de codo y 33% de todas las fracturas del codo, siendo ésta la más común a este nivel. Para una fractura de cabeza radial que no se puede reconstruir, las opciones de tratamiento son excisión de la cabeza radial o hemiartroplastía. Objetivo: Evaluar la funcionalidad de los pacientes con hemiartroplastía de cúpula radial por fracturas tipo III y IV según Mason-Johnston, por medio de las escalas de Índice de Mayo de desempeño del codo (Mayo Elbow Performance Índex (IMDC)) y Quick-Dash (QD). Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio, observacional, transversal y ambiespectivo, en el Servicio de Miembro Torácico del Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes", en un período de un año, se incluyeron pacientes de 18 a 60 años de edad, con diagnóstico de fractura de cúpula radial tipo III y IV según Mason-Johnston manejados con hemiartroplastía de cúpula radial. Resultados: Fueron incluidos siete pacientes, de los cuales 3 fueron del sexo femenino (42.9%) y 4 fueron del sexo masculino (57.1%). De la clasificación de funcionalidad IMDC se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados. Excelente, 6 pacientes (85.7%); Bueno, 1 paciente (14.3%). La escala de funcionalidad y sintomatología de QD se obtuvieron seis pacientes con puntuación de 0 a 5 y un paciente con puntuación de más de 10. Conclusiones: El tratamiento quirúrgico consistente en hemiartroplastía de cúpula radial por fracturas tipo III y IV según Mason-Johnston es un buen tratamiento quirúrgico a corto plazo, debido a que nos ofrece una funcionalidad de excelente a buena, estabilidad en valgo y varo del codo, así como sintomatología mínima del codo.

Introduction: The radial head is a primary and important stabilizer of the elbow, mainly for valgus stability, posterolateral and axial displacement of the radius and varus loading. Radial head fractures account for 1.7-5% of all fractures in adults, 17-19% of elbow trauma, and 33% of all elbow fractures. The latter is the most common one at this level. The alternatives for a radial head fracture that cannot be reconstructed include excision of the radial head or hemiarthroplasty. Objective: To assess the function of patients who underwent radial head hemiarthroplasty for Mason-Johnston types III and IV fractures, using the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) and Quick-Dash (QD). Material and methods: A one-year long observational, cross-sectional and ambispective study was conducted at the Thoracic Limb Service, "Lomas Verdes" Orthopedics and Traumatology Hospital. The patients included were ages 18 to 60 years, had a diagnosis of Mason-Johnston types III and IV radial head fractures and were treated with radial head hemiarthroplasty. Results: A total of seven patients were included, 3 females (42.9%) and 4 males (57.1%). The results of elbow function according to the MEPI were as follows: Excellent, 6 patients (85.7%); Good, one patient (14.3%). The results of the QD functionality and symptoms scale were: 6 patients had a score of 0-5, and one patient more than 10. Conclusions: Surgical treatment consisting of radial head hemiarthroplasty for Mason-Johnston types III and IV fractures yields good short-term results, because it provides excellent to good function, valgus and varus elbow stability, and minimum elbow symptoms.

Comment on "Calculations for the one-dimensional soft Coulomb problem and the hard Coulomb limit".

In the referred paper, the authors use a numerical method for solving ordinary differential equations and a softened Coulomb potential -1/√[x(2)+ß(2)] to study the one-dimensional Coulomb problem by approaching the parameter ß to zero. We note that even though their numerical findings in the soft potential scenario are correct, their conclusions do not extend to the one-dimensional Coulomb problem (ß=0). Their claims regarding the possible existence of an even ground state with energy -∞ with a Dirac-δ eigenfunction and of well-defined parity eigenfunctions in the one-dimensional hydrogen atom are questioned.

[Hemiarthroplasty of the radial head in patients with Mason Johnston types III and IV fracture]. / Hemiartroplastía de cúpula radial en pacientes con fractura tipo III y IV según Mason Johnston.

INTRODUCTION: The radial head is a primary and important stabilizer of the elbow, mainly for valgus stability, posterolateral and axial displacement of the radius and varus loading. Radial head fractures account for 1.7-5% of all fractures in adults, 17-19% of elbow trauma, and 33% of all elbow fractures. The latter is the most common one at this level. The alternatives for a radial head fracture that cannot be reconstructed include excision of the radial head or hemiarthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To assess the function of patients who underwent radial head hemiarthroplasty for Mason-Johnston types III and IV fractures, us- ing the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) and Quick-Dash (QD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A one-year long observational, cross-sectional and ambispective study was conducted at the Thoracic Limb Service, "Lomas Verdes" Orthopedics and Traumatology Hospital. The patients included were ages 18 to 60 years, had a diagnosis of Mason-Johnston types III and IV radial head fractures and were treated with radial head hemiarthroplasty. RESULTS: A total of seven patients were included, 3 females (42.9%) and 4 males (57.1%). The results of elbow function according to the MEPI were as follows: Excellent, 6 patients (85.7%); Good, one patient (14.3%). The results of the QD functionality and symptoms scale were: 6 patients had a score of 0-5, and one patient more than 10. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment consisting of radial head hemiarthroplasty for Mason-Johnston types III and IV fractures yields good short-term results, because it provides excellent to good function, valgus and varus elbow stability, and minimum elbow symptoms.

Resultados funcionales de fracturas Neer III-IV tratadas mediante hemiartroplastía / Functional results for Neer III-IV fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados funcionales de pacientes con fracturas Neer III-IV tratados mediante hemiartroplastía. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, ambiespectivo, transversal. Período Enero a Diciembre 2011; se realizó revisión de expediente, evaluación funcional mediante escala de Constant y cuestionario DASH. Se analizó la información en programa SPSS, análisis estadístico basado en estadística descriptiva y de frecuencias. Resultados: Se evaluaron 16 pacientes, edad promedio de 60.9 años (p = 0.004); sexo femenino 56.3% (p = 0.001). Mecanismo de lesión fue de baja energía en 93.8%. De acuerdo con la escala de Constant de un total de 100 puntos, nuestra población obtuvo 40.75 (± 14.42) puntos, las mayores prevalencias fueron: dolor medio en 8 (50%), trabajo pleno rendimiento 7 (43.75%); amplitud de movimiento indoloro hasta apófisis xifoides (37.5%). Rangos de movilidad abducción de 30-60º 10 (62.5% p = 0.004), flexión de 30-60º 6 (37.5%), rotación externa 14 (87.5%) con mano detrás de la cabeza, rotación interna hasta región lumbosacra 7 (43.75% p = 0.005). Potencia hasta 3 kilogramos 5 (31.3% p = 0.005). Se observó en 13 (81.3%) malos resultados. Respecto al cuestionario DASH en discapacidad/síntomas 12 (75%), actividades especiales 7 (43.75%) resultados buenos; módulo de trabajo 8 (50%) resultados medios. Con satisfacción del episodio quirúrgico del 87.5%. Conclusiones: En la presente muestra de pacientes, la funcionalidad del hombro operado se consideró como mala de acuerdo con la escala de Constant; buena en cuanto a síntomas y actividades especiales y media en el módulo de trabajo respecto al cuestionario DASH.

Objective: To assess the functional results of patients who sustained Neer III-IV shoulder fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty. Material and methods: Descriptive, ambispective, cross-sectional study. From January to December 2011 patient records were reviewed, a functional assessment was performed using the Constant scale, and the DASH questionnaire was applied. Data was analyzed with the SPSS software, descriptive statistics and frequency analysis. Results: Sixteen patients were evaluated, mean age was 60.9 years (p = 0.004); females represented 56.3% (p = 0.001). The mechanism of injury was low energy trauma in 93.8%. According to the Constant scale, whose maximum score is 100, the score of our population was 40.75 (± 14.42). The highest prevalence rates corresponded to: middle pain, 8 (50%); work with full performance, 7 (43.75%); painful range of motion up to the xyphoid process (37.5%). Ranges of motion were as follows: abduction 30-60º 10 (62.5% p = 0.004), flexion 30-60º 6 (37.5%), external rotation, 14 (87.5%) with the hand behind the head, internal rotation up to the lumbosacral region, 7 (43.75% p = 0.005). Power of up to 3 kilograms, 5 (31.3% p = 0.005). Poor results were seen in 13 (81.3%) patients. The DASH questionnaire results were: disability/symptoms, 12 (75%) and special activities, 7 (43.75%) good results; in the work module, 8 (50%) fair results. Satisfaction with the surgical procedure, 87.5 percent. Conclusions: In this patient sample the function of the operated shoulder was considered as poor according to the Constant scale; it was good considering the symptoms and special activities, and fair for the work module, according to the DASH questionnaire.

What is the future burden of HPV-related cancers in Spain?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to analyze mortality trends of HPV-related cancers in Spain by gender, during the period 1996-2010, and make predictions until the year 2025. METHODS: All deaths registered as cervical cancer were registered (ICD-10 code: C53), as well as vulvar and vaginal (C51 and C52), anal (C21), penile (C60), and oropharyngeal (C02, C09, C10). Adjusted rate calculations for each year were used to study the trends through the regression program Joinpoint. Predictions were made using the Nordpred program, utilizing the age-period-cohort model. RESULTS: In men, a statistically significant increase was observed in mortality by anal cancer, a reduction was observed in oropharyngeal cancer mortality and penile cancer rates were stable. In women, a statistically significant decreasing trend was observed for cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancers. In the predictions, the annual change relative to risk or population changes (size and structure) revealed a reduction in death risk by oropharyngeal cancer in men, and a reduction in death risk by anal cancer in women, although stable adjusted rates were verified for anal cancer in women. CONCLUSIONS: Although an increase was identified in the number of deaths for both genders, rates indicate gender differences in the trends, with increased rates for anal cancer and reduced rates for oropharyngeal cancer in men. Women presented reduced rates for cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers. For penile cancer and anal cancer in women, stable trends were verified.

Predictions and estimations of colorectal cancer mortality, prevalence and incidence in Aragon, Spain, for the period 1998-2022.

OBJECTIVE: estimate colorectal cancer incidence and prevalence in, based on mortality and survival data from the period 1998-2007, and provide projections of incidence, prevalence and mortality until the year 2022. METHODS: general and colorectal cancer mortality rates were obtained from the National Statistics Institute and survival data was obtained from the EUROCARE study. Estimations were carried out through the program MIAMOD. The joinpoint program was used to quantify the annual change expected in the projections. RESULTS: in men, an increase in prevalence is expected, from 237.2 (Crude Rate - CR = 303.5) to 237.7 (CR = 412.7) per 100.000 inhabitants/year in 2022. Incidence rates would increase from 48.2 (CR = 61.6) in 2007 to 55.2 (CR = 83.1), and mortality would increase from 22.7 (CR = 29.4) to 26.0 (CR = 39.6) when comparing 2007 and women, a reduction in prevalence is expected from 181.5 (CR = 268.3) to 167.9 (CR = 286.2) cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year. Incidence would change from 25.0 (CR = 38.0) in 2007 to 22.7 (CR = 39.2), and for mortality there is also an expected decrease, from 11.3 (CR =18.0) to 10.3 (CR = 18.5). CONCLUSION: the projections indicate that colorectal cancer in follows an increasing trend in incidence, mortality and prevalencein men, in opposition to corresponding decreasing trends in women.These projections must be considered in order to plan more effective prevention and treatment measures.

Evaluation of the mean energy deposit during the impact of charged particles on liquid water.

The DNA strand break yield due to the impact of ionizing particles on living beings is closely related to the number of inelastic events per unit absorbed dose produced by these particles. The higher this number, the higher the probability of causing DNA strand breaks per unit absorbed dose. In a previous work, it was found that the total number of events produced by primary particles and the secondary electrons is almost independent of the type and energy of the incident particle (or LET). This finding could be supported by a quasi-constant mean energy deposit by inelastic event (ε). In this work, ε was defined and determined for electrons and the non-negative charge states of hydrogen (H°,⁺) and helium (He°,⁺,²âº) species impacting on liquid water. Ionization, excitation and charge transfer (up to two-electron transfers) processes have been included in present calculations. We found that, for liquid water, ε is within 13.7 ± 4.1 eV, 14.2 ± 1.7 eV and 13.8 ± 1.4 eV for electrons, hydrogen and helium species, respectively, with impact energies changing over three orders of magnitude. Unlike the mean excitation energy, the mean energy deposit per inelastic event depends not only on the target molecule but also on the projectile features. However, this dependence is relatively weak. This fact supports the quasi-independent number of inelastic events per unit absorbed dose found previously when charged particles impact on matter.

Experimental and Monte Carlo-simulated spectra of standard mammography-quality beams.

UNLABELLED: A spectrometric study of standard mammography-quality beams by using experimental and Monte Carlo simulation methods was carried out in this work. The qualities of these beams are described according to the International Electrotechical Commission 61267 standard and the Technical Report Series 457 International Atomic Energy Agency report. Specifically, the non-attenuated RQR-M beam series was studied. METHODS: A Si-PIN diode-based spectrometer and the PENELOPE Monte Carlo code (v. 2008F1) were used for experiments and simulations, respectively. In addition, an ionization chamber was used to determine the half-value layers (HVLs) of each beam quality. The measurements were done in the mammography dosimeter calibration setup of our laboratory, and the Monte Carlo simulations reproduced such conditions. RESULTS: The relative differences between the HVLs calculated from experimental and simulated spectra were lower than 2.4% for all the beam qualities studied. These differences are 1.2% and 3.1% when comparing the HVLs calculated from the experimental and simulated spectra to those determined by using the ionization chamber, respectively. A semi-empirical relation was found to obtain the nominal tube potential from the effective tube potential. CONCLUSION: According to our results, the mammography beams used in this work have energy spectra similar to clinical beams.