Effect of different salivary glucose concentrations on dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. The glucose levels found in the blood of diabetic patients can be reflected in the saliva, which can favor biofilm growth and predispose denture wearers to oral candidiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different salivary glucose concentrations on dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. A 96-h biofilm was developed on acrylic resin specimens exposed to 'feast' (10% sucrose) and 'famine' periods. Biofilms were constantly exposed to salivary glucose concentrations equivalent to 0, 20, 60 and 100 mM. Higher salivary glucose concentrations resulted in increased counts of C. albicans and a higher quantity of insoluble extracellular polysaccharides. All biofilms presented high phospholipase activity. The biofilms were characterized by the predominance of yeast cells and microcolonies in all the groups analyzed with co-localization of both species. Higher salivary glucose concentrations formed more robust and potentially virulent biofilms.

Glass ionomer cements compared with composite resin in restoration of noncarious cervical lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Restoring noncarious cervical lesions are challenging to clinical practice. This study aimed to compare the clinical performance/longevity of glass ionomer cements (GIC) and composite resins (CR) used for noncarious cervical lesions (NCCL) through a systematic review and meta-analysis (MA). DATA: Randomized and controlled clinical trials and nonrandomized clinical trials, which compared the clinical performance/longevity of CR and GIC (conventional and/or resin-modified) in the treatment of NCCL, were included. SOURCE: The methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Seven MAs were performed considering (1) the clinical performance of the parameters in common: retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, secondary caries, color, anatomic form, surface texture and (2) a follow-up time of 12, 24 and 36 months. The prevalence of successful restorations and the total number of restorations per clinical parameter/follow-up time were used to calculate the relative risk (95% CI). STUDY SELECTION: After screening of the studies, 13 studies were used for quantitative synthesis. The risk difference (CI 95%, α, I2) between GIC and CR for anatomic form was 0.00 (-0.02, 0.02; p = 0.83; 0%); for color was -0.02 (-0.08, 0.04; p = 0.48; 80%); for surface texture was -0.02 (-0.06, 0.02; p = 0.31; 63%); for secondary caries was -0.00 (-0.01, 0.01; p = 0.87; 0%); for marginal discoloration was 0.01 (-0.01, 0.03; p = 0.23; 3%); for marginal adaptation was 0.01 (-0.01, 0.04; p = 0.34; 32%) and for retention was 0.07 (0.02, 0.12; p = 0.003; 76%). CONCLUSION: GIC showed a clinical performance significantly higher than CR in regard to retention, whereas for the other parameters, GIC was similar to CR. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: NCCLs is increasingly prevalent among the population and this type of lesion causing defects in the tooth that affect not only aesthetics but also everyday habits, such as drinking, eating and teeth brushing, due to the sensitivity these lesions cause.

Dental caries experience and associated factors in 12-year-old-children: a population based-study.

Relevant public policies in oral health have been implemented in Brazil since 2004. Changes in the epidemiological status of dental caries are expected, mainly in the child population. This study aimed to assess the dental caries experience and associated factors among 12-year-old children in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with data obtained from 415 cities, including a total of 26,325 schoolchildren who were included by the double-stage cluster technique, by lot and by systematic sampling. The statistical model included data from the São Paulo Oral Health Survey (SBSP 2015), the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). A theoretical-conceptual model categorized the variables into three blocks, namely, contextual (HDI, SVI, region of residence and fluoridation of water), individual (sex and ethnicity) and periodontal conditions (gingival bleeding, dental calculus and the presence of periodontal pockets), for association with the experience of caries (DMFT). Statistically significant associations were verified by hierarchical multivariate logistic (L) and Poisson (P) regression analyses (p < 0.05). The results showed that 57.7% of 12-year-old children had caries experience. Factors that determined a greater prevalence of dental caries in both models were nonwhite ethnicity (ORL = 1.113, ORP = 1.154) and the presence of gingival bleeding (ORL = 1.204, ORP = 1.255). Male children (ORL = 0.920 ORP = 0.859) and higher HDI (ORL = 0.022), ORP = 0.040) were associated with a lower prevalence of dental caries experience. Water fluoridation was associated with a lower DMFT index (ORP = 0.766). Dental caries experience is still associated with social inequalities at different levels. Policymakers should direct interventions towards reducing inequalities and the prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-old children.

Adesão de biofilmes monoespécie de Streptococcus mutans e Candida albicans em diferentes superfícies de resinas compostas convencionais e bulk fill / Adhesion of monospecies biofilms from Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans to different surfaces of conventional composite resins and bulk fill

Introdução: As resinas compostas são alternativas restauradoras, porém sua superfície pode favorecer o acúmulo de biofilme. Objetivo: Analisar in vitro a adesão de biofilmes de Streptococcus mutans (UA159) e Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) em superfícies de resinas compostas convencionais e bulk fill. Material e método: Foram utilizadas quatro marcas de resinas compostas e bulk fill: Aura Bulk Fill - SDI®; Premisa - Kerr®; Opallis- FGM®, e Filtek bulk fill flow - 3M®. Utilizou-se saliva artificial para formação da película salivar, por 60 min a 37 °C. O inóculo foi padronizado em 1×108 UFC/mL para S. mutans e 1×106 UFC/mL para C. albicans. Os espécimes (n=8/grupo) foram acondicionados em placas de 24 poços, com BHI suplementado com sacarose para as bactérias, e RPMI 1640, para os fungos. A formação do biofilme foi avaliada considerando as unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC/mL).Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e Tukey (p<0,05). Resultado: Para os biofilmes de S. mutans, não houve diferença significativa na contagem de UFC/mL entre os diferentes tipos de resina (p=0,119). Na contagem de UFC/mL para biofilme de Candida, as médias variaram entre 7,78 e 8,34. Houve diferença significativa entre as marcas, especialmente entre as resinas convencionais e bulk fill. Conclusão: O presente estudo demonstra que não há diferença na adesão para biofilmes de S. mutans. Porém, há diferença na adesão da C. albicans na superfície de diferentes resinas compostas.

Introduction: Composite resins are restorative alternatives, but their surface may favor the accumulation of biofilm. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (UA159) and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) biofilms on the surface of conventional and bulk fill composites. Material and method: Four brands of conventional and bulk fill composites were used, Aura Bulk Fill - SDI®, Premisa - Kerr®, Opallis- FGM® and Filtek bulk fill flow - 3M®. Artificial saliva was used to form the salivary film for 60 min at 37 ° C. The inoculum was standardized at 1x108 CFU/mL for S. mutans and 1x106 CFU/mL for C. albicans. The specimens (n = 8/group) were placed in 24-well plates, with BHI supplemented with sucrose for bacteria and RPMI 1640 for fungi. The biofilm formation was evaluated considering the colony forming units (CFU/mL). The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p <0.05). Result: For S. mutans biofilms, there was no significant difference in the CFU/mL count between the different types of composites (p = 0.119). In the CFU / mL count for C.albicans biofilm, the CFU/mL ranged from 7.78 to 8.34. There was a significant difference between brands for Candida, especially between conventional and bulk fill composites. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that there is no difference in adhesion for S. mutans biofilms. On the other hand, there is a difference in the adhesion of C. albicans to the surface of different composite resins.

Dental caries experience and associated factors in 12-year-old-children: a population based-study

Abstract Relevant public policies in oral health have been implemented in Brazil since 2004. Changes in the epidemiological status of dental caries are expected, mainly in the child population. This study aimed to assess the dental caries experience and associated factors among 12-year-old children in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with data obtained from 415 cities, including a total of 26,325 schoolchildren who were included by the double-stage cluster technique, by lot and by systematic sampling. The statistical model included data from the São Paulo Oral Health Survey (SBSP 2015), the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). A theoretical-conceptual model categorized the variables into three blocks, namely, contextual (HDI, SVI, region of residence and fluoridation of water), individual (sex and ethnicity) and periodontal conditions (gingival bleeding, dental calculus and the presence of periodontal pockets), for association with the experience of caries (DMFT). Statistically significant associations were verified by hierarchical multivariate logistic (L) and Poisson (P) regression analyses (p < 0.05). The results showed that 57.7% of 12-year-old children had caries experience. Factors that determined a greater prevalence of dental caries in both models were nonwhite ethnicity (ORL = 1.113, ORP = 1.154) and the presence of gingival bleeding (ORL = 1.204, ORP = 1.255). Male children (ORL = 0.920 ORP = 0.859) and higher HDI (ORL = 0.022), ORP = 0.040) were associated with a lower prevalence of dental caries experience. Water fluoridation was associated with a lower DMFT index (ORP = 0.766). Dental caries experience is still associated with social inequalities at different levels. Policymakers should direct interventions towards reducing inequalities and the prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-old children.

Avaliação do conhecimento sobre terapia full mouth disinfection por periodontistas da cidade de João Pessoa- PB / Evaluation of knowledge about therapy full mouth disinfection by periodontists of the city João Pessoa-PB

A terapia Full Mouth Disinfection consiste em um protocolo de tratamento periodontal em que a raspagem e o alisamento radicular são realizados dentro de um período de 24 horas com o auxílio de substâncias químicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o conhecimento sobre a terapia Full Mouth Disinfection por periodontistas da cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba. O universo foi composto por todos os 57 periodontistas registrados no Conselho Regional de Odontologia da Paraíba que atuassem na cidade de João Pessoa. Houve uma perda amostral de 16 profissionais e a pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um questionário semi estruturado aplicado aos 41 periodontistas contatados. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, apenas 50% dos profissionais entrevistados conhecem a terapia Full Mouth Disinfection. E, destes que conhecem, a maioria já fez uso da terapia e acredita em vantagens desta técnica em relação ao tratamento convencional por quadrantes. As curetas manuais foram os instrumentais de escolha relatados pelos profissionais que já haviam utilizado a Full Mouth Disinfection, assim como a clorexidina foi a substância química mais citada para execução deste protocolo. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que a Full Mouth Disinfection é uma técnica conhecida pela metade dos periodontistas entrevistados, mas ainda é pouco utilizada na Paraíba...

Full Mouth Disinfection therapy consists in a periodontal treatment’s protocol that scaling and root planning are performed within a period of 24 hours with the aid of chemicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of periodontists in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba about Full Mouth Disinfection therapy. The universe was composed of all 57 periodontists registered in the Regional Council of Dentistry of Paraíba who acted in the city of João Pessoa. As there was a sample loss of 16 professionals, the survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 41 periodontists contacted. According to results, only 50% of the interviewed professionals know Full Mouth Disinfection therapy, among those who know, most have already made use of it and believe in advantages of this technique compared to quadrants conventional treatment. It was also observed that hand instruments are the most widely used in this this procedure and chlorhexidine was the most often chemical substance cited for implementation of this protocol. Thus, it was concluded that Full Mouth Disinfection is a technique known by half of respondents periodontists, but is still not widely utilized in Paraiba...