Venopulmonary Artery Extracorporeal Life Support (VPa ECMO): A Novel Strategy for Refractory Hypoxemia Complicating VV ECMO.

Refractory hypoxemia (RH) during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) support is a complex problem that limits the benefit of this therapy. The need for sustained deep sedation and delays in active rehabilitation are considered as a direct consequence of RH. Changing from VV ECMO to a configuration that returns the flow to pulmonary artery, such as venopulmonary extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VPa ECMO) may decrease recirculation and improve systemic oxygen delivery. We present a retrospective report that describes the impact of VPa ECMO on oxygenation during sedation withdrawal in 41 patients who received VV ECMO for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We evidenced that arterial oxygen pressure (PaO 2 ) increased from 68 to 112.3 mm Hg ( p = 0.001) with a reduction of ECMO flow (5.7-4.8 L/m; p = 0.001). Other findings included lower rates of depth sedation (Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale [RASS] ≤3, 37-63%; p = 0.007) and lower requirement inotropic support assessed by LVIS score (4.7-1.1; p = 0.005). Discharge survival was 54% with a sustained benefit until day 79. This cannulation strategy improved effectively PaO 2 in this cohort, it may be an alternative in patients with RH in VV ECMO.

Manejo de fracturas abiertas de tibia en Cuba / Management of Open Tibial Fractures in Cuba

Introducción: Las fracturas abiertas de tibia son un subconjunto de la carga de traumatismos en América Latina. Se examinaron cuestiones relacionadas con el tratamiento potencialmente críticas en Cuba, país con recursos limitados, pero con un programa nacional de salud estandarizado, coherencia en educación y similitudes de programas de posgrado. Objetivos: Describir los patrones de tratamiento de la fractura abierta de tibia en Cuba, y comparar las características del manejo agudo y tardío en siete provincias del país. Métodos: Se encuestaron 67 cirujanos ortopédicos para evaluar cuatro aspectos en el tratamiento de la fractura abierta: profilaxis antibiótica, irrigación y desbridamiento, estabilización y tratamiento de heridas. Se utilizó el método de muestreo por conveniencia para identificar a los cirujanos y el análisis se realizó mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher (p < 0,05). Resultados: Se administraron antibióticos posoperatorios durante más de 72 horas para las fracturas GA-I/II (49 por ciento) y las fracturas GA-III (70 por ciento). Los cirujanos de La Habana (n= 32) utilizaron con más frecuencia la fijación interna primaria para las fracturas GA-I/II, que los cirujanos en las restantes provincias (n= 35) (64,3 porciento vs. 30,3 por ciento, p= 0,008). Los cirujanos de otras provincias realizaron cierre primario en el momento de la fijación definitiva de fracturas GA-I /II con más frecuencia que los de La Habana (62,9 por ciento vs. 32,3 por ciento, p= 0,013). Para fracturas GA-III, la mayoría de los cirujanos habaneros (88,6 %), al igual que los de las restantes provincias (96,8 por ciento) prefirieron realizar cierre diferido.Conclusiones: El tratamiento de fracturas abiertas de tibia en Cuba es generalmente consistente con otros países de América Latina. Se describen las características del manejo de fracturas abiertas de tibia en Cuba y se comparan las diferencias en los métodos de estabilización y tratamiento de heridas entre provincias, lo cual resulta útil para evaluar si son resultado de diferencias en la práctica quirúrgica, o en la disponibilidad de recursos. Esto representa una ayuda al abordar las formas de optimizar la atención al paciente, a través de la capacitación especializada y la asignación de los recursos(AU)

Introduction: Open tibia fractures are a significant subset of the overall trauma burden in Latin America. Latin American countries vary in their access to orthopaedic care resources, and country-specific orthopaedic recommendations are necessary. Cuba, a country with limited resources, has a standardized national health program, consistencies in education, and similarities across post-graduate training programs. This study aimed to identify management preferences for open tibia factures in Cuba. Objectives: To describe the treatment of open tibial fractures in Cuba, and to compare the characteristics of acute and delayed management across seven Cuban provinces. Methods: Sixty-seven orthopaedic surgeons were surveyed to evaluate four aspects of open fracture management, regarding antibiotic prophylaxis, irrigation and debridement, stabilization, and wound management. The convenience sampling method was used to identify surgeons and the analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test (p <0.05). Results: Postoperative antibiotics were administered for more than 72 hours for GA-I / II fractures (49 pecent) and GA-III fractures (70 percent). Surgeons in Havana (n = 32) used primary internal fixation for GA-I / II fractures more frequently than surgeons in the remaining provinces (n = 35) (64.3 pecent vs. 30.3 percent p = 0.008). Surgeons from other provinces performed primary closure at the time of definitive fixation of GA-I / II fractures more frequently than those from Havana (62.9 percent vs. 32.3 percent, p = 0.013). For GA-III fractures, the majority of Havana surgeons (88.6 percent), as well as those of the remaining provinces (96.8 percent) preferred to perform deferred closure. Conclusions: The treatment of open tibial fractures in Cuba is generally consistent with other Latin American countries. The characteristics of the management of open tibial fractures in Cuba are described and differences in wound stabilization and treatment methods between provinces are compared, which is useful to assess whether they are the result of differences in surgical practice, or in availability of resources. This is helpful in addressing ways to optimize patient care through specialized training and resource allocation(AU)

Fear is the Path to the Dark Side: Unsafe Delivery, One of the Consequences of Fear of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic, A Case Report.

Indirect effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic are difficult to calculate. Fear of intrahospital infection has led to a decrease in the use of emergency services and the performance of elective procedures. Several low- and middle-income countries have seen the number of institutional deliveries reduced, even in the absence of a follow-up program for home births. We present the case of a patient with adequate prenatal care and an institutional delivery plan who, due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, chose to have a home delivery with unsafe conditions. The lack of supervision by health personnel and the absence of an immediate consultation plan facilitated the presentation of postpartum hemorrhage and poor neonatal results. Little attention has been paid during the pandemic to pregnant women who decide to have their birth at home. A broad discussion is necessary in this regard, to regain the confidence of the population and strengthen institutional births, or to strengthen midwife-assisted home births programs. Patients' fear to acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection inside hospitals is a factor that must be taken into account in prenatal care programs.

Artrodesis transcalcánea con injerto libre del peroné por seudoartrosis de tibia distal / Transcalcaneal Arthrodesis with Free Fibula Graft for Distal Tibial Nonunion

RESUMEN Introducción: Las fracturas abiertas del tercio distal de tibia o pilón son poco frecuentes, en nuestro medio se producen por traumas de alta energía como los accidentes de tránsito, y pueden ser de distintos grados según su envergadura. Entre las complicaciones frecuentes están la seudoartrosis, deformidades y artritis postraumática. Cuando el dolor es refractario a los analgésicos están indicadas las artrodesis. Objetivo: Presentar los resultados del tratamiento realizado en un paciente con seudoartrosis distal de tibia y artritis postraumática del tobillo, dolorosa, con gran lesión de partes blandas, por lo que fue imposible realizar los procedimientos quirúrgicos habituales. Presentación del caso: Se realizó artrodesis de las articulaciones tibio-peronea-astragalina-calcánea, mediante un injerto libre del peroné autólogo, compresión, y estabilización con un fijador externo RALCA®; se asoció un campo electromagnético pulsátil para acelerar la formación del callo óseo y disminuir el dolor posquirúrgico. Durante dos años se le hizo seguimiento. Conclusiones: Se logró el objetivo del tratamiento al fusionar la articulación tibiotarsiana, comenzar el apoyo precoz y su capacidad funcional. Los resultados demuestran además los beneficios de la compresión realizada con los fijadores externos en las artrodesis; el uso del campo electromagnético asociado aceleró la osteogénesis, se consiguió la consolidación ósea, la estabilización, disminuyó el edema y el dolor, además la reincorporación del paciente a la sociedad. No se encontró en la bibliografía revisada otra técnica quirúrgica similar(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Open fractures of the distal third of the tibia or pilon are rare, in our environment they are caused by high-energy traumas such as traffic accidents, and can be of different degrees depending on their size. Common complications include nonunion, deformities, and post-traumatic arthritis. When pain is refractory to analgesics, arthrodesis is indicated. Objective: To report the results of the treatment carried out in a patient with distal tibial pseudoarthrosis and post-traumatic arthritis of the ankle, painful, with a large soft tissue injury, which made it impossible to perform the usual surgical procedures. Case report: Arthrodesis of the tibiofibular-talar-calcaneal joints was performed, using a free graft of the autologous fibula, compression, and stabilization with a RALCA® external fixator. A pulsatile electromagnetic field was associated to accelerate bone callus formation and reduce postoperative pain. This patient was followed up for two years. Conclusions: The treatment objective was achieved by fusing the tibiotarsal joint, by starting early support and functional capacity. The results also prove the benefits of compression performed with external fixators in arthrodesis. The use of the associated electromagnetic field accelerated osteogenesis, bone consolidation and stabilization were achieved, edema and pain decreased, as well as the patient's reincorporation into society. No other similar surgical technique was found in the reviewed literature(AU)

Guía práctica para la confección del expediente de Especialista de Segundo grado / Practical Guide for Preparing the File for Second Degree Specialist

El especialista de Segundo grado es un profesional de las ciencias de la salud que demuestra un dominio de excelencia en su especialidad con alto nivel de conocimientos y competencia profesional lo que debe quedar demostrado ante un tribunal de especialización de segundo grado. En este sentido, por Acuerdo del Consejo de Estado de fecha 29 de junio de 2009 se emite la resolución 132, que aprobó el Reglamento para la obtención del Segundo grado en las ciencias de la salud, y que dispone en cuatro capítulos los siguientes aspectos: los requisitos y formalidades para la obtención del título, la tramitación de las solicitudes, la constitución y funcionamiento de los tribunales y las reclamaciones ante el viceministro para la Docencia y la Investigación en el caso de desacuerdo del aspirante con el dictamen del tribunal evaluado....

Resolving relationships in an exceedingly young Neotropical orchid lineage using Genotyping-by-sequencing data.

Poor morphological and molecular differentiation in recently diversified lineages is a widespread phenomenon in plants. Phylogenetic relationships within such species complexes are often difficult to resolve because of the low variability in traditional molecular loci. Furthermore, biological phenomena responsible for topological incongruence such as Incomplete Lineage Sorting (ILS) and hybridisation complicate the resolution of phylogenetic relationships among closely related taxa. In this study, we employ a Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to disentangle evolutionary relationships within a species complex belonging to the Neotropical orchid genus Cycnoches. This complex includes seven taxa distributed through Central America and the Colombian Chocó, and is nested within a clade estimated to have first diversified in the early Quaternary. Previous phylogenies inferred from few loci failed to provide support for internal relationships within the complex. Our Neighbour-net and coalescent-based analyses inferred from ca. 13,000 GBS loci obtained from 31 individuals belonging to six of the seven traditionally accepted Cycnoches taxa provided a robust phylogeny for this group. The genus Cycnoches includes three main clades that are further supported by morphological traits and geographic distributions. Similarly, a topology reconstructed through maximum likelihood (ML) inference of concatenated GBS loci produced results that are comparable with those reconstructed through coalescence and network-based methods. Our comparative phylogenetic informativeness analyses suggest that the low support evident in the ML phylogeny might be attributed to the abundance of uninformative GBS loci, which can account for up to 50% of the total number of loci recovered. The phylogenomic framework provided here, as well as morphological evidence and geographical patterns, suggest that the six entities previously thought to be different species or subspecies might actually represent only three distinct segregates. We further discuss the limited phylogenetic informativeness found in our GBS approach and its utility to disentangle relationships within recent and rapidly evolving species complexes. Our study is the first to demonstrate the utility of GBS data to reconstruct relationships within young (~2 Ma) Neotropical plant clades, opening new avenues for studies of species complexes that populate the species-rich orchid family.

Evaluación de resultados de la osteotomía en cuña cerrada de Coventry para corregir el genus valgum / Results of Coventry closing wedge osteotomy in the correction of genu valgum

Fundamento: los pacientes con deformidad en genus valgum asociada o no a osteoartritis unicompartimental lateral, son candidatos para una osteotomía varizante del fémur distal.Objetivo: evaluar los resultados con la osteotomía en cuña cerrada del fémur distal para el genus valgum.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo a un grupo de pacientes con el diagnóstico de genus valgum, operados con la osteotomía de Coventry MB en el Hospital Militar Universitario Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja de Camagüey, desde enero de 2009 hasta diciembre de 2013 y el tiempo promedio de seguimiento de los pacientes fue de 26 meses. El universo lo conformaron 39 pacientes con el diagnóstico de genus valgum operados con la técnica de Coventry MB. La muestra no probabilística la conformaron 36 pacientes. Las variables de estudio fueron edad, sexo, tiempo de consolidación, las complicaciones, el ángulo femorotibial y la evaluación según escala evaluativa para la rodilla.Resultados: predominó el grupo de edades entre 51 y 60 años para un 50 por ciento; el sexo más afectado fue el femenino con un 58,3 por ciento; el tiempo de consolidación fue de 14 a 24 semanas en el 66,6 por ciento; al finalizar el trabajo se logró un ángulo tibiofemoral promedio de 4,5 grados de valgo y la escala para la rodilla mejoró 33 puntos; los resultados de la osteotomía en cuña cerrada fueron excelentes en el 97,2 por ciento del total de pacientes operados.Conclusiones: la osteotomía de Coventry MB demostró ser excelente para corregir el genus valgum(AU)

Background: patients with genu valgum associated or not to lateral unicompartmental osteoarthritis are candidates for distal femoral varus osteotomy.Objective: to evaluate the results of distal femoral Coventry closing wedge osteotomy in the correction of genu valgum.Methods: a descriptive, prospective study was conducted in a group of patients with the diagnosis of genu valgum who underwent a Coventry osteotomy in Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja Teaching Military Hospital, Camagüey from January 2009 to December 2013. The average time of monitoring of the patients was 26 months. The universe was composed of 39 patients with the diagnosis of genu valgum who underwent a Coventry osteotomy. The sample consisted of 36 patients. The variables of the study were the following: age, sex, knitting time, complications, femorotibial angle and the evaluation according to the evaluative scale for the knee.Results: the age group 51-60 years old predominated for a 50 percent. Female was the most affected sex for a 58, 3 percent. The knitting time was from 14 to 24 weeks in the 66, 6 percent of the patients. At the end of the treatment, an average femorotibial angle of 4, 5 degrees was achieved and the scale for the knee improved on 33 points. The results of closing wedge osteotomy were excellent in the 97, 2 percent of the patients who underwent the operation(AU)

Evaluación de resultados de la osteotomía en cuña cerrada de Coventry para corregir el genus valgum / Results of Coventry closing wedge osteotomy in the correction of genu valgum

Fundamento: los pacientes con deformidad en genus valgum asociada o no a osteoartritis unicompartimental lateral, son candidatos para una osteotomía varizante del fémur distal. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados con la osteotomía en cuña cerrada del fémur distal para el genus valgum. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo a un grupo de pacientes con el diagnóstico de genus valgum, operados con la osteotomía de Coventry MB en el Hospital Militar Universitario Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja de Camagüey, desde enero de 2009 hasta diciembre de 2013 y el tiempo promedio de seguimiento de los pacientes fue de 26 meses. El universo lo conformaron 39 pacientes con el diagnóstico de genus valgum operados con la técnica de Coventry MB. La muestra no probabilística la conformaron 36 pacientes. Las variables de estudio fueron edad, sexo, tiempo de consolidación, las complicaciones, el ángulo femorotibial y la evaluación según escala evaluativa para la rodilla. Resultados: predominó el grupo de edades entre 51 y 60 años para un 50 %; el sexo más afectado fue el femenino con un 58,3 %; el tiempo de consolidación fue de 14 a 24 semanas en el 66,6 %; al finalizar el trabajo se logró un ángulo tibiofemoral promedio de 4,5 grados de valgo y la escala para la rodilla mejoró 33 puntos; los resultados de la osteotomía en cuña cerrada fueron excelentes en el 97,2 % del total de pacientes operados. Conclusiones: la osteotomía de Coventry MB demostró ser excelente para corregir el genus valgum.

Background: patients with genu valgum associated or not to lateral unicompartmental osteoarthritis are candidates for distal femoral varus osteotomy. Objective: to evaluate the results of distal femoral Coventry closing wedge osteotomy in the correction of genu valgum. Methods: a descriptive, prospective study was conducted in a group of patients with the diagnosis of genu valgum who underwent a Coventry osteotomy in Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja Teaching Military Hospital, Camagüey from January 2009 to December 2013. The average time of monitoring of the patients was 26 months. The universe was composed of 39 patients with the diagnosis of genu valgum who underwent a Coventry osteotomy. The sample consisted of 36 patients. The variables of the study were the following: age, sex, knitting time, complications, femorotibial angle and the evaluation according to the evaluative scale for the knee. Results: the age group 51-60 years old predominated for a 50 %. Female was the most affected sex for a 58, 3 %. The knitting time was from 14 to 24 weeks in the 66, 6 % of the patients. At the end of the treatment, an average femorotibial angle of 4, 5 degrees was achieved and the scale for the knee improved on 33 points. The results of closing wedge osteotomy were excellent in the 97, 2 % of the patients who underwent the operation.

Las bandas de Liesegang como origen de los patrones simétricos del esmalte / Liesegang rings as origin of enamel symmetrical patterns

INTRODUCCIÓN:en los dientes existen variadas estructuras visibles que tienen formas y patrones simétricos repetitivos como los prismas, los penachos, los husillos del esmalte, las bandas de Hunter-Schreger y las líneas incrementales de Retzius. Por otro lado, los anillos de Liesegang, estudiados y aplicados desde hace más de cien años por los geólogos y otras disciplinas, son bandas simétricas repetitivas incrementales halladas en minerales naturales que se asemejan a los observados en el esmalte dental. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los procesos, ampliamente conocidos, de formación de los anillos de Liesegang en la naturaleza y relacionarlos con la mineralización del esmalte dental y con la conformación de su anatomía característica. MÉTODOS: para este efecto se hizo una revisión bibliográfica, delimitada al período comprendido entre 1970 y 2013 en las bases de datos Science Direct, Springer, Medline y Pubmed, de donde se seleccionaron 51 referencias con información original y/o datos relevantes del tema estudiado. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: un análisis detallado del proceso de formación de estas bandas y la similitud de los casos del mineral rocoso y del mineral dental, llevan a pensar que los procesos que se desarrollan en las rocas y en tejidos dentales duros serían los mismos.

INTRODUCTION: teeth contain various visible structures that have repeating shapes and symmetrical patterns such as prisms, crests, enamel spindles, Hunter-Schreger bands, and Retzius incremental lines. On the other hand, Liesegang rings, studied and applied for over a hundred years by geologists and other specialists, are incremental repetitive symmetrical bands found in natural minerals which are similar to those observed in tooth enamel. This article aims to review the widely known processes of formation of Liesegang rings in nature and relate them with dentin mineralization and the conformation of their characteristic anatomy. METHODS: to this end, a bibliographic review was conducted, restricted to the 1970-2013 period, in the Science Direct, Springer, Medline, and Pubmed databases, finally selecting 51 references with original information or relevant data on the subject. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: a detailed analysis of the processes of formation of these rings and the similarity of rocky and dental minerals lead to think that the processes developed in rocks and hard dental tissues would be the same.

Thymopoietin Beta and Gamma Isoforms as a Potential Diagnostic Molecular Marker for Breast Cancer: Preliminary Data.

Thymopoietin (TMPO) is an inner nuclear membrane protein, the coding gene named equally, can give arise to six isoforms by alternative splicing. This gene has been found up regulated in several types of cancer. At present work, we evaluated the TMPO isoforms generated by alternative splicing as well as the protein signal detection in breast cancer samples. TMPO expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray containing 46 breast tissue samples including normal (n = 6), benign lesions (n = 18) (fibroadenomas (n = 6), fibrocystic changes (n = 6), ductal hyperplasias (n = 6)) and breast carcinoma (n = 22). Isoforms -α, -ß and -γ of TMPO were evaluated using RT-PCR; clinical-pathological correlation analysis were done by mean of X(2). Neither the normal nor the benign lesions of the breast showed positive TMPO immunodetection, whilst 45 % of the breast carcinomas were immunopositive (p = 0.000), nine of ten positives carcinomas correspond to the Luminal A subtype. Further, alpha isoform was present in all breast samples analyzed; however, beta and gamma isoforms were only present in ten (p = 0.003) and 17 (p = 0.000), respectively, in the breast cancer samples. According with the present data, we suggest that TMPOß and -γ isoforms could provide a potential reliable diagnostic marker for breast cancer.

Gelatinous fibers and variant secondary growth related to stem undulation and contraction in a monkey ladder vine, Bauhinia glabra (Fabaceae).

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Some of the most striking stem shapes occur in species of Bauhinia (Fabaceae) known as monkey ladder vines. Their mature stems are flattened and develop regular undulations. Although stems have variant (anomalous) secondary growth, the mechanism causing the undulations is unknown. METHODS: We measured stem segments over time (20 mo), described stem development using light microscopy, and correlated the changes in stem shape with anatomy. KEY RESULTS: Growing stems are initially straight and bear tendrils on short axillary branches. The inner secondary xylem has narrow vessels and lignified fibers. As stems age, they become flattened and increasingly undulated with the production of two lobes of outer secondary xylem (OX) with wide vessels and only gelatinous fibers (G-fibers). Similar G-fibers are present in the secondary phloem and the cortical sclerified layer. In transverse sections, the concave side of each undulation has a greater area and quantity of G-fibers than the opposite convex side. Some older stems are not undulated and have less lobing of OX. Undulation causes a shortening of the stem segments: up to 28% of the original length. CONCLUSIONS: Uneven distribution of G-fibers produces tensions that are involved in the protracted development of undulations. While young extending shoots attach by lateral branch tendrils, older stems may maintain their position in the canopy using undulations and persistent branch bases as gripping devices. Flattened and undulated stems with G-fibers produce flexible woody stems.

Resultados a corto plazo con la osteotomía de Mitchell en el hallux valgus / Short-term results with Mitchell osteotomy in hallux valgus

Se han propuesto múltiples técnicas quirúrgicas para el metatarso primo varo en el hallux valgus, pero la sola acción sobre la articulación metatarsofalángica es insuficiente en presencia de un metatarso primo varo.Objetivo: evaluar los resultados con la osteotomía de Mitchell en pacientes con hallux valgus.Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, de tipo descriptivo prospectivo a un grupo de pacientes con el diagnóstico de hallux valgus, operados con la osteotomía de Mitchell en el Hospital Militar Universitario Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja de Camagüey, durante 36 meses desde octubre de 2009 hasta septiembre de 2012 y el tiempo de seguimiento de los pacientes fue de 12 meses. El universo lo conformaron 102 pies de 60 enfermos y la muestra no probabilística quedó constituida por 84 pies de 48 pacientes. Las variables de estudio fueron la edad, sexo, si fue bilateral o unilateral y las complicaciones.Resultados: predominó el grupo de edades entre 30 y 50 años para un 58, 3 por ciento; el sexo más afectado fue el femenino con un 79,1 por ciento; fueron bilaterales un total de 36 pacientes para un 75, 1 por ciento; y los resultados de la osteotomía de Mitchell fueron excelentes y buenos en el 90, 6 por ciento del total de pacientes operados.Conclusiones: la osteotomía de Mitchell demostró ser excelente y aún es una de las preferidas para corregir el hallux valgus...

Multiple surgical techniques have been proposed for metatarsus primus varus in hallux valgus; but the action by itself on the metatarsophalangeal articulation is not enough in the presence of a metatarsus primus varus.Objective: to asses the results with Mitchell osteotomy in patients with hallux valgus.Method: an observational study, descriptive-prospective type, was made to a group of patients with the diagnosis of hallux valgus who underwent a Mitchell osteotomy at Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja Military Teaching Hospital of Camagüey during 36 months from October, 2009 to September, 2012. The follow-up of the patients was of 12 months. The universe was composed of 102 feet of 60 patients and the non-probabilistic sample was of 84 feet of 48 patients. The study variables were age, sex; if it was bilateral or unilateral; and complications.Results: the age group that predominated was between 30 and 50 years old for a 58, 3 percent; female sex was the most affected with a 79, 1 percent; a total of 36 patients were bilateral for a 75, 1 percent; finally, the results of Mitchell osteotomy were excellent and good in the 90, 6 percent of the total of patients that had the operation.Conclusions: Mitchell osteotomy proved to be excellent and it is still one of the preferred to correct hallux valgus...

Resultados a corto plazo con la osteotomía de Mitchell en el hallux valgus / Short-term results with Mitchell osteotomy in hallux valgus

Fundamento: se han propuesto múltiples técnicas quirúrgicas para el metatarso primo varo en el hallux valgus, pero la sola acción sobre la articulación metatarsofalángica es insuficiente en presencia de un metatarso primo varo.Objetivo: evaluar los resultados con la osteotomía de Mitchell en pacientes con hallux valgus.Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, de tipo descriptivo prospectivo a un grupo de pacientes con el diagnóstico de hallux valgus, operados con la osteotomía de Mitchell en el Hospital Militar Universitario Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja de Camagüey, durante 36 meses desde octubre de 2009 hasta septiembre de 2012 y el tiempo de seguimiento de los pacientes fue de 12 meses. El universo lo conformaron 102 pies de 60 enfermos y la muestra no probabilística quedó constituida por 84 pies de 48 pacientes. Las variables de estudio fueron la edad, sexo, si fue bilateral o unilateral y las complicaciones.Resultados: predominó el grupo de edades entre 30 y 50 años para un 58, 3 por ciento; el sexo más afectado fue el femenino con un 79,1 por ciento; fueron bilaterales un total de 36 pacientes para un 75, 1 por ciento; y los resultados de la osteotomía de Mitchell fueron excelentes y buenos en el 90, 6 por ciento del total de pacientes operados.Conclusiones: la osteotomía de Mitchell demostró ser excelente y aún es una de las preferidas para corregir el hallux valgus(AU)

Background: multiple surgical techniques have been proposed for metatarsus primus varus in hallux valgus; but the action by itself on the metatarsophalangeal articulation is not enough in the presence of a metatarsus primus varus.Objective: to asses the results with Mitchell osteotomy in patients with hallux valgus.Method: an observational study, descriptive-prospective type, was made to a group of patients with the diagnosis of hallux valgus who underwent a Mitchell osteotomy at Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja Military Teaching Hospital of Camagüey during 36 months from October, 2009 to September, 2012. The follow-up of the patients was of 12 months. The universe was composed of 102 feet of 60 patients and the non-probabilistic sample was of 84 feet of 48 patients. The study variables were age, sex; if it was bilateral or unilateral; and complications.Results: the age group that predominated was between 30 and 50 years old for a 58, 3 percent; female sex was the most affected with a 79, 1 percent; a total of 36 patients were bilateral for a 75, 1 percent; finally, the results of Mitchell osteotomy were excellent and good in the 90, 6 percent of the total of patients that had the operation.Conclusions: Mitchell osteotomy proved to be excellent and it is still one of the preferred to correct hallux valgus(AU)

Floral elaiophores in Lockhartia Hook. (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae): their distribution, diversity and anatomy.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A significant proportion of orchid species assigned to subtribe Oncidiinae produce floral oil as a food reward that attracts specialized bee pollinators. This oil is produced either by glabrous glands (epithelial elaiophores) or by tufts of secretory hairs (trichomal elaiophores). Although the structure of epithelial elaiophores in the Oncidiinae has been well documented, trichomal elaiophores are less common and have not received as much attention. Only trichomal elaiophores occur in the genus Lockhartia, and their distribution and structure are surveyed here for the first time. METHODS: Flowers of 16 species of Lockhartia were studied. The location of floral elaiophores was determined histochemically and their anatomical organization and mode of oil secretion was investigated by means of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: All species of Lockhartia investigated have trichomal elaiophores on the adaxial surface of the labellum. Histochemical tests revealed the presence of lipoidal substances within the labellar trichomes. However, the degree of oil production and the distribution of trichomes differed between the three major groups of species found within the genus. All trichomes were unicellular and, in some species, of two distinct sizes, the larger being either capitate or apically branched. The trichomal cuticle was lamellate, and often appeared distended due to the subcuticular accumulation of oil. The labellar trichomes of the three species examined using transmission electron microscopy contained dense, intensely staining cytoplasm with apically located vacuoles. Oil-laden secretory vesicles fused with the plasmalemma and discharged their contents. Oil eventually accumulated between the cell wall and cuticle of the trichome and contained electron-transparent profiles or droplets. This condition is considered unique to Lockhartia among those species of elaiophore-bearing Oncidiinae studied to date.

Fractura abierta de tibia: aspectos básicos / Open fracture of tibia: basic aspects

La fractura abierta de la tibia constituye un verdadero azote en la actualidad debido al incremento paulatino de la velocidad del transporte automotor y la práctica de deporte de alto riesgo. Desarrollo: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre fractura abierta de tibia específicamente en su clasificación, antibioticoterapia temprana, manejo de la herida, cuando estabilizar y que método utilizar y por último qué decisión tomar de acuerdo a la viabilidad de la extremidad. Conclusiones: el tratamiento ante un paciente con fractura abierta de la tibia debe ser agresivo mediante toilette y desbridamiento temprano, uso de antibióticos y fijación intramedular mediante clavos auto-bloqueantes en los grados uno y dos según la clasificación de Gustilo y Anderson, por otro lado generalmente la fracturas tipo tres son manejadas mediante fijación externa (AU)

Open fracture of tibia currently constitutes a true scourge due to the gradual increase of motor transportation speed and the practice of high risk sports. Development: a bibliographical review on open fracture of tibia was conducted, specifically in its classification, early antibiotic-therapy, injury management, when stabilizing, what method to use and finally what decision make according to viability of the extremity. Conclusions: The treatment, facing a patient with open fracture of tibia must be aggressive by means of toilette and early dèbridement, use of antibiotics and intramedullary fixation through auto-blocker pins in one and two grades according to Gustilo and Anderson classification; on the other hand, type three fractures generally are managed by external fixation (AU)

Fractura abierta de tibia: aspectos básicos / Open fracture of tibia: basic aspects

La fractura abierta de la tibia constituye un verdadero azote en la actualidad debido al incremento paulatino de la velocidad del transporte automotor y la práctica de deporte de alto riesgo. Desarrollo: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre fractura abierta de tibia específicamente en su clasificación, antibioticoterapia temprana, manejo de la herida, cuando estabilizar y que método utilizar y por último qué decisión tomar de acuerdo a la viabilidad de la extremidad. Conclusiones: el tratamiento ante un paciente con fractura abierta de la tibia debe ser agresivo mediante toilette y desbridamiento temprano, uso de antibióticos y fijación intramedular mediante clavos auto-bloqueantes en los grados uno y dos según la clasificación de Gustilo y Anderson, por otro lado generalmente la fracturas tipo tres son manejadas mediante fijación externa.

Open fracture of tibia currently constitutes a true scourge due to the gradual increase of motor transportation speed and the practice of high risk sports. Development: a bibliographical review on open fracture of tibia was conducted, specifically in its classification, early antibiotic-therapy, injury management, when stabilizing, what method to use and finally what decision make according to viability of the extremity. Conclusions: The treatment, facing a patient with open fracture of tibia must be aggressive by means of toilette and early dèbridement, use of antibiotics and intramedullary fixation through auto-blocker pins in one and two grades according to Gustilo and Anderson classification; on the other hand, type three fractures generally are managed by external fixation.

Osteoartritis unicompartimental de la rodilla: enfoque actual / Uncompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee: current approach

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el manejo quirúrgico actual de la Osteoartritis Unicompartimental de la Rodilla. Desarrollo: se realizó una comparación de los métodos quirúrgicos actuales, así como las indicaciones de cada uno de ellos. En la sección de Osteotomías se realizó la comparación entre las Osteotomías abiertas y cerradas. Se expusieron las indicaciones actuales de la artroplastia unicompartimental (AU)

Osteoarthritis is a health problem in progressive increase conditioned by the every time bigger raise of life expectancy in developed countries and to the demand of this population of a better quality of life. Development: a bibliographical review on the current surgical handling of uncompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee was performed. A comparison of current surgical methods, as well as indications of each one of them was carried out. Arthroscopy is the less invasive method and in spite of being a treatment method it is also very useful for diagnosis and prognosis. In the osteotomy section was carried out the comparison among the open and closed osteotomy based fundamentally on its advantages and disadvantages, besides showing indications and contraindications of this procedure and its complications. Conclusions: current indications on uncompartmental arthroplasty and a brief comparison in relation to osteotomy are exposed (AU)

Osteoartritis unicompartimental de la rodilla: enfoque actual / Uncompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee: current approach

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el manejo quirúrgico actual de la Osteoartritis Unicompartimental de la Rodilla. Desarrollo: se realizó una comparación de los métodos quirúrgicos actuales, así como las indicaciones de cada uno de ellos. En la sección de Osteotomías se realizó la comparación entre las Osteotomías abiertas y cerradas. Se expusieron las indicaciones actuales de la artroplastia unicompartimental.

Osteoarthritis is a health problem in progressive increase conditioned by the every time bigger raise of life expectancy in developed countries and to the demand of this population of a better quality of life. Development: a bibliographical review on the current surgical handling of uncompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee was performed. A comparison of current surgical methods, as well as indications of each one of them was carried out. Arthroscopy is the less invasive method and in spite of being a treatment method it is also very useful for diagnosis and prognosis. In the osteotomy section was carried out the comparison among the open and closed osteotomy based fundamentally on its advantages and disadvantages, besides showing indications and contraindications of this procedure and its complications. Conclusions: current indications on uncompartmental arthroplasty and a brief comparison in relation to osteotomy are exposed.

Clasificación de Schatzker en las fracturas de la meseta tibial / Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fractures

Las Fracturas de la meseta tibial constituyen una enfermedad traumática, se observa con más frecuencia en los servicios de urgencia. Objetivo: profundizar en la clasificación propuesta por Schatzker. Desarrollo: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la clasificación propuesta por Schatzker, la cual se basa en el aspecto radiográfico de la fractura y brinda de forma detallada la conducta a seguir ante cada modalidad, conjuntamente con las lesiones de partes blandas asociadas (AU)

Tibial plateau fractures constitute a traumatic disease frequently observed in the emergency services. Objective: to deepen in the classification proposed by Schatzker. Development: a bibliographical review with the objective of deepening in the classification proposed by Schatzker, which is based on the radiographic aspect of the fracture and provide in specify way the management to follow in the face of each modality, jointly with the lesions of associate soft parts (AU)

Clasificación de Schatzker en las fracturas de la meseta tibial / Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fractures

Fundamento: las Fracturas de la meseta tibial constituyen una enfermedad traumática, se observa con más frecuencia en los servicios de urgencia. Objetivo: profundizar en la clasificación propuesta por Schatzker. Desarrollo: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la clasificación propuesta por Schatzker, la cual se basa en el aspecto radiográfico de la fractura y brinda de forma detallada la conducta a seguir ante cada modalidad, conjuntamente con las lesiones de partes blandas asociadas.

Background: tibial plateau fractures constitute a traumatic disease frequently observed in the emergency services. Objective: to deepen in the classification proposed by Schatzker. Development: a bibliographical review with the objective of deepening in the classification proposed by Schatzker, which is based on the radiographic aspect of the fracture and provide in specify way the management to follow in the face of each modality, jointly with the lesions of associate soft parts.