Subject(s)
Hemangiopericytoma/diagnostic imaging , Vaginal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Cesarean Section , Female , Hemangiopericytoma/congenital , Hemangiopericytoma/pathology , Hemangiopericytoma/surgery , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pregnancy , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Vaginal Neoplasms/congenital , Vaginal Neoplasms/pathology , Vaginal Neoplasms/surgerySubject(s)
Delivery of Health Care, Integrated , Obesity/psychology , Patient Care Team , Adolescent , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Germany , Humans , Male , Obesity/epidemiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
AIM: To study the demographic, clinical, and microbiological profile and the risk factors for graft infection following penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS: 50 eyes of 50 consecutive patients with graft infection after an optical penetrating keratoplasty were included as cases; 50 eyes of 50 patients with no graft infection were included as controls. The main variables evaluated in this study included the clinical and microbiological profile, sociodemographic status, suture related problems, persistent epithelial defects, and ocular surface disorders. RESULTS: Cultures were positive in 43 (86%) eyes and Staphylococcus epidermidis (67.4%) was the most common organism isolated. Infection could be resolved with treatment in 37 (74%) eyes. In eight (16%) eyes the graft melted and a repeat penetrating keratoplasty had to be performed. Only 6% of the cases could achieve a best corrected visual acuity of 6/18 or better after resolution of the infection. In multivariate logistic regression analysis persistent epithelial defect (OR (95% CI): 3.0 (1.17 to 8.33)), suture related problems (OR (95% CI): 3.6 (1.39 to 9.25)), and ocular surface disorders (OR (95% CI): 2.4 (0.93 to 6.03)) were found to be statistically significant risk factors for graft infection following an optical penetrating keratoplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Staphylococcus epidermidis is the commonest organism responsible for post-keratoplasty microbial keratitis. Persistent epithelial defects, suture related problems, and ocular surface disorders are the major risk factors predisposing to graft infection.
Subject(s)
Eye Infections, Bacterial/etiology , Eye Infections, Fungal/etiology , Keratoplasty, Penetrating , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Corneal Ulcer/microbiology , Corneal Ulcer/surgery , Female , Humans , Male , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Suture Techniques/adverse effects , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Various attempts to describe the skeletal characteristics of unilateral craniofacial microsomia have been made with the use of cephalometric and panoramic roentgenograms. Previous studies have been only descriptive in nature. To date, a detailed (quantitative) cephalometric analysis of the mandibular deformity has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to describe the skeletal jaw deformity by means of cephalometric landmarks in the lateral view. The patient population consisted of sixteen boys and eight girls who ranged in age from 6 to 16 years. They were compared to the University of Michigan normal control population for the following measures: gonial angle, mandibular plane angle, overall oblique length of the mandible, ramal height, and body length. The affected side showed a larger gonial angle and mandibular plane angle. The oblique length of the mandible (Cd-Gn) was decreased on both sides, as were ramal height and body length. Paradoxically, body length appeared shorter on the unaffected side than on the affected side. This paradoxical observation could be attributed to a shift of the mandible in relation to the midsagittal plane of the cranial base, the film cassette, and the path of the x-ray beam. Observation of the mandible in the basilar cephalogram explained the geometry of the projection error found in the lateral view. Similar projection errors exist for patients with other types of craniofacial asymmetry. It is suggested that two radiographic views, orthogonal to each other, should be used to define the x, y, and z planes for studies of craniofacial abnormality.
