Effects of maternal nutrition regimen of ewes on performance, carcass, and meat traits of their feedlot-finished lambs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with two energy levels fed to Ile de France ewes during the last third of gestation on the performance, carcass, and meat traits of their offspring. Treatments were: D0: maternal diet meeting the requirements for the last third of gestation, and D20: maternal diet containing an additional 20% energy requirements. Twenty single-born male lambs, ten from each group of ewes, were weaned at 60 d (18.3 ± 1.4 kg initial BW) and fed a common finishing diet. Animals were slaughtered when they reached 32 kg BW. Dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed conversion, and days on feed were unaffected by treatments (P≥0.09). No effects were observed on hot and cold carcass weights, dressing percentage, chilling loss, commercial cuts yields, and loin-eye area (P≥0.17). Meat pH, thawing loss, cooking loss, shear force, and water holding capacity were also not affected by treatments (P≥0.09). Temperature and meat color, as well as centesimal composition were similar between treatments (P≥0.27). Adding 20% energy on top of the requirements of Ile de France ewes during the last third of gestation does not influence the performance, carcass traits, nor meat traits of their offspring.

Crude glycerin is an efficient alternative to corn in the diet of feedlot lambs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, and performance of feedlot lambs fed diets containing crude glycerin. A total of 30 Ile de France lambs were confined to individual pens at an average age of 45  d : 15.1  kg initial body weight and 32.2  kg final body weight. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design and fed three diets containing fresh sugarcane as forage (50 %) and concentrate (50 %), with or without the inclusion of 100 and 200  g vegetable crude glycerin per kilogram dry matter (DM) replacing corn. Dietary glycerin inclusion reduced the intake of ether extract ( P < 0.001 ) and total carbohydrates ( P = 0.048 ) as well as the apparent digestibility of ether extract ( P < 0.001 ), but it had no effect on the intake and digestibility of the other nutrients nor on lamb performance. The apparent nitrogen balance of lambs on the three diets was positive. Although it does not affect the intake and digestibility of most nutrients, the inclusion of 100 and 200  g kg - 1 DM of crude glycerin in the diet tends to worsen lamb performance, indicating that the ideal level of inclusion should be below 100  g kg - 1 DM of crude glycerin.

Biodiesel co-products modified the rumen parameters of feedlot lambs but did not change methane production in vitro

Background: Intensification of livestock is a strategy that increases productivity, but the diets used to increase animal production efficiency are composed mainly of corn and soybean, thereby increasing competition between animals and humansfor the same food crops. This study evaluated nutrient intake, apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, kinetics of gas production, and concentration of volatile fatty acids on diets with or without inclusion of biodiesel co-productsformulated for feedlot lambs. So, the hypothesis is that replace of traditional ingredients by biodiesel co-products changesrumen parameters and methane emissions.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was developed in São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP,Brazil, in Sheep Production Laboratory, which is owned to Animal Science Department. All trials developed in this studyused a feedlot system, where animals were kept in individual pen. Forty Ile de France lambs male non-castrated wereused in in vivo trial. To obtain rumen fluid, that was used in in vitro trial, four Santa Inês lambs with rumen cannula wereused. The treatments evaluated were four diets: Control diet: roughage + concentrate; PM20: roughage + concentrate withpeanut meal (PM) at 20% of DM; CG25: roughage + concentrate with crude glycerin (CG) at 25% of DM; and PMCG:roughage + concentrate with PM at 10% of DM and CG at 12.5% of DM. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 40:60 for allthese diets. The parameters of the in vitro and in vivo experiments used were completely randomized with four treatments.When significant, the means between treatments were compared using Tukey test (P < 0.05). There was no effect of coproduct inclusion on intake, except ether extract and neutral detergent fiber, which were higher for PM20 compared withCG25 diet. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (79.87%) and some nutrients (organic matter, crude protein, and neutraldetergent fiber)...(AU)

Biodiesel co-products modified the rumen parameters of feedlot lambs but did not change methane production in vitro

Background: Intensification of livestock is a strategy that increases productivity, but the diets used to increase animal production efficiency are composed mainly of corn and soybean, thereby increasing competition between animals and humansfor the same food crops. This study evaluated nutrient intake, apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, kinetics of gas production, and concentration of volatile fatty acids on diets with or without inclusion of biodiesel co-productsformulated for feedlot lambs. So, the hypothesis is that replace of traditional ingredients by biodiesel co-products changesrumen parameters and methane emissions.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was developed in São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP,Brazil, in Sheep Production Laboratory, which is owned to Animal Science Department. All trials developed in this studyused a feedlot system, where animals were kept in individual pen. Forty Ile de France lambs male non-castrated wereused in in vivo trial. To obtain rumen fluid, that was used in in vitro trial, four Santa Inês lambs with rumen cannula wereused. The treatments evaluated were four diets: Control diet: roughage + concentrate; PM20: roughage + concentrate withpeanut meal (PM) at 20% of DM; CG25: roughage + concentrate with crude glycerin (CG) at 25% of DM; and PMCG:roughage + concentrate with PM at 10% of DM and CG at 12.5% of DM. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 40:60 for allthese diets. The parameters of the in vitro and in vivo experiments used were completely randomized with four treatments.When significant, the means between treatments were compared using Tukey test (P < 0.05). There was no effect of coproduct inclusion on intake, except ether extract and neutral detergent fiber, which were higher for PM20 compared withCG25 diet. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (79.87%) and some nutrients (organic matter, crude protein, and neutraldetergent fiber)...

Quality of fresh and aged meat from lambs fed peanut meal and glycerin / Qualidade das carnes fresca e maturada de cordeiros alimentados com farelo de amendoim e glicerina

Were evaluated the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of fresh and aged semimembranosus muscle from 40 uncastrated male Ile de France lambs with 17.15 ± 1.56 kg of initial body weight. Treatments involved fresh and meat aged for 14 days at 4 °C from lambs receiving four diets, as follows: control; PM - diet with 20% peanut meal replacing soybean meal; G - diet with 25% glycerin replacing corn; and PMG - diet with 10% peanut meal and 12.5% glycerin. The forage:concentrate ratio was 40:60, and corn silage was used as roughage. The diets had similar values of crude protein and metabolizable energy (17.47% and 2.72 Mcal kg/dry matter). A completely randomized design was adopted in a 4×2 factorial arrangement (four diets × fresh and aged meat). Diets and aging did not favor the development of microorganisms in the meat. There was an interaction effect between diets and aging for pH, color, cooking weight loss (CL), and shear force (SF). The fresh meat from animals fed G was lighter compared with the meat from those consuming PM and PMG (lightness of 38.45, 36.26 and 37.88 respectively). Aging increased lightness (37.63 to 40.87), red intensity (15.12 to 15.93), yellow intensity (2.48 to 3.42) and CL (23.84 to 32.59%), reduced pH (5.66 to 5.45), water holding capacity (61.85 to 58.87%) and SF (22.60 to 16.95 N). By-products from biodiesel and peanut production can be used to replace corn and soybean meal in diets for lambs without compromising their meat quality.

Foram avaliadas as características microbiológicas e físico-químicas de músculos semimembranosos frescos e maturados provenientes de 40 cordeiros Ile de France machos não castrados, com 17,15 kg de peso corporal inicial ± de 1,56 kg. Os tratamentos envolveram carnes de cordeiros frescas e maturadas por 14 dias a 4° C e alimentados com quatro dietas: C – dieta controle; FA – dieta com 20% de farelo de amendoim em substituição ao farelo de soja; G – dieta com 25% de glicerina em substituição ao milho e FAG: dieta com 10% de farelo de amendoim e 12,5% de glicerina. A relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 40:60 e silagem de milho utilizada como volumoso. As dietas possuíam valores semelhantes de proteína bruta e energia metabolizável (17,47 % e 2,72 Mcal kg de matéria seca). Adotou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (quatro dietas e carne fresca e maturada). As dietas e a maturação não favoreceram o desenvolvimento de microrganismos na carne. Houve interação entre dietas e maturação para pH, cor, perda de peso na cocção (PPC) e força de cisalhamento (FC). A carne fresca dos animais alimentados com a dieta G foi mais clara em relação a carne daqueles alimentados com as dietas FA e FAG (luminosidade de 38,45, 36,21 e 37,88 respectivamente). A maturação elevou a luminosidade (37,63 para 40,87), intensidade de vermelho (15,12 para 15,93), intensidade de amarelo (2,48 para 3,42) e PPC (23,84 para 32,59%). Reduziu o pH (5,66 para 5,45), CRA (61,85 para 58,87%) e FC (22,60 para 16,95 N). Os coprodutos do biodiesel e do amendoim podem ser utilizados em substituição ao milho e ao farelo de soja na dieta de cordeiros, sem comprometer de forma negativa a qualidade da carne.

Quality of fresh and aged meat from lambs fed peanut meal and glycerin / Qualidade das carnes fresca e maturada de cordeiros alimentados com farelo de amendoim e glicerina

Were evaluated the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of fresh and aged semimembranosus muscle from 40 uncastrated male Ile de France lambs with 17.15 ± 1.56 kg of initial body weight. Treatments involved fresh and meat aged for 14 days at 4 °C from lambs receiving four diets, as follows: control; PM - diet with 20% peanut meal replacing soybean meal; G - diet with 25% glycerin replacing corn; and PMG - diet with 10% peanut meal and 12.5% glycerin. The forage:concentrate ratio was 40:60, and corn silage was used as roughage. The diets had similar values of crude protein and metabolizable energy (17.47% and 2.72 Mcal kg/dry matter). A completely randomized design was adopted in a 4×2 factorial arrangement (four diets × fresh and aged meat). Diets and aging did not favor the development of microorganisms in the meat. There was an interaction effect between diets and aging for pH, color, cooking weight loss (CL), and shear force (SF). The fresh meat from animals fed G was lighter compared with the meat from those consuming PM and PMG (lightness of 38.45, 36.26 and 37.88 respectively). Aging increased lightness (37.63 to 40.87), red intensity (15.12 to 15.93), yellow intensity (2.48 to 3.42) and CL (23.84 to 32.59%), reduced pH (5.66 to 5.45), water holding capacity (61.85 to 58.87%) and SF (22.60 to 16.95 N). By-products from biodiesel and peanut production can be used to replace corn and soybean meal in diets for lambs without compromising their meat quality.(AU)

Foram avaliadas as características microbiológicas e físico-químicas de músculos semimembranosos frescos e maturados provenientes de 40 cordeiros Ile de France machos não castrados, com 17,15 kg de peso corporal inicial ± de 1,56 kg. Os tratamentos envolveram carnes de cordeiros frescas e maturadas por 14 dias a 4° C e alimentados com quatro dietas: C dieta controle; FA dieta com 20% de farelo de amendoim em substituição ao farelo de soja; G dieta com 25% de glicerina em substituição ao milho e FAG: dieta com 10% de farelo de amendoim e 12,5% de glicerina. A relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 40:60 e silagem de milho utilizada como volumoso. As dietas possuíam valores semelhantes de proteína bruta e energia metabolizável (17,47 % e 2,72 Mcal kg de matéria seca). Adotou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (quatro dietas e carne fresca e maturada). As dietas e a maturação não favoreceram o desenvolvimento de microrganismos na carne. Houve interação entre dietas e maturação para pH, cor, perda de peso na cocção (PPC) e força de cisalhamento (FC). A carne fresca dos animais alimentados com a dieta G foi mais clara em relação a carne daqueles alimentados com as dietas FA e FAG (luminosidade de 38,45, 36,21 e 37,88 respectivamente). A maturação elevou a luminosidade (37,63 para 40,87), intensidade de vermelho (15,12 para 15,93), intensidade de amarelo (2,48 para 3,42) e PPC (23,84 para 32,59%). Reduziu o pH (5,66 para 5,45), CRA (61,85 para 58,87%) e FC (22,60 para 16,95 N). Os coprodutos do biodiesel e do amendoim podem ser utilizados em substituição ao milho e ao farelo de soja na dieta de cordeiros, sem comprometer de forma negativa a qualidade da carne.(AU)

Feedlot of lambs fed biodiesel co-products: performance, commercial cuts and economic evaluation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the animal performance, commercial cuts, and their yields within the production system, and economics of sheep production, of lambs finished in feedlots and fed with or without biodiesel co-products. A total of 40 lambs were divided into four biodiesel co-product treatment groups: a no-treatment control; peanut meal; crude glycerin; and peanut meal + crude glycerin. Animal performance did not differ (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups, where the average daily gain was close to 0.26 kg/day. Likewise, the quantitative carcass characteristics did not differ (P > 0.05) and the biological mean yield was 54.92%. Similarly, the commercial cuts and their yields did not differ (P ≥ 0.09) among the treatments. These results took into consideration the standard, age, and slaughter body weight of the animals. The economic evaluation determined that peanut meal was the best co-product for use in finishing lambs in a feedlot. Hence, all the biodiesel co-products evaluated can be used at feedlots to finish lambs without changing the variables measured.

Intake, microbial protein synthesis, and nitrogen balance in lambs fed diets containing mulberry hay / Consumo, síntese de proteína microbiana e balanço de nitrogênio em cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo feno de amoreira

The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, microbial protein synthesis, and nitrogen balance in lambs fed diets containing 0.00, 12.50, and 25.00% mulberry hay substituting the concentrate. Twentyfour Ile de France lambs at approximately 60 days of age, with a body weight of 15.48 ± 0.07 kg, were confined in individual stalls and slaughtered upon reaching 32 kg body weight. Only the intakes of ether extract and metabolizable energy decreased linearly (P 0.05) as the participation of mulberry hay in the concentrate was increased. Nitrogen in the feces, expressed in g day1 and g kg0.75 day1, increased linearly (P 0.05), whereas excretions (mmol day1) of allantoin, total purines, and absorbed microbial purines, microbial production (g day1) expressed in microbial nitrogen and microbial crude protein, and microbial efficiency expressed in g MN kg1 RDOM1 and g MP kg1 of TDN decreased linearly as the level of hay in the diet was increased. Mulberry hay substituting the concentrate in diets for feedlot lambs reduces the microbial protein synthesis.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o consumo, a síntese de proteína microbiana e o balanço de nitrogênio em cordeiros alimentados com rações contendo 0,00; 12,50 e 25,00% de feno de amoreira em substituição ao concentrado. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro cordeiros Ile de France, com aproximadamente 60 dias de idade e 15,48 ± 0,07 kg de peso corporal, confinados em baias individuais e abatidos ao atingirem 32 kg de peso corporal. Apenas a ingestão de extrato etéreo e energia metabolizável apresentaram redução linear (P 0,05) com a inclusão do feno de amoreira no concentrado. Houve aumento linear (P 0,05) do nitrogênio nas fezes expresso em g dia-1 e g kg0,75 dia-1, redução linear (P 0,05) das excreções (mmol dia-1) de alantoína, purinas totais e purinas microbianas absorvidas, produção microbiana (g dia-1) expressa em nitrogênio microbiano e proteína bruta microbiana, e eficiência microbiana expressa em g Nm kg-1 de MODR-1 e g Pm kg-1 de NDT à medida que aumentou feno de amoreira na ração. O feno de amoreira em substituição ao concentrado na ração de cordeiros confinados reduz a síntese de proteína microbiana.

Intake, microbial protein synthesis, and nitrogen balance in lambs fed diets containing mulberry hay / Consumo, síntese de proteína microbiana e balanço de nitrogênio em cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo feno de amoreira

The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, microbial protein synthesis, and nitrogen balance in lambs fed diets containing 0.00, 12.50, and 25.00% mulberry hay substituting the concentrate. Twentyfour Ile de France lambs at approximately 60 days of age, with a body weight of 15.48 ± 0.07 kg, were confined in individual stalls and slaughtered upon reaching 32 kg body weight. Only the intakes of ether extract and metabolizable energy decreased linearly (P 0.05) as the participation of mulberry hay in the concentrate was increased. Nitrogen in the feces, expressed in g day1 and g kg0.75 day1, increased linearly (P 0.05), whereas excretions (mmol day1) of allantoin, total purines, and absorbed microbial purines, microbial production (g day1) expressed in microbial nitrogen and microbial crude protein, and microbial efficiency expressed in g MN kg1 RDOM1 and g MP kg1 of TDN decreased linearly as the level of hay in the diet was increased. Mulberry hay substituting the concentrate in diets for feedlot lambs reduces the microbial protein synthesis.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o consumo, a síntese de proteína microbiana e o balanço de nitrogênio em cordeiros alimentados com rações contendo 0,00; 12,50 e 25,00% de feno de amoreira em substituição ao concentrado. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro cordeiros Ile de France, com aproximadamente 60 dias de idade e 15,48 ± 0,07 kg de peso corporal, confinados em baias individuais e abatidos ao atingirem 32 kg de peso corporal. Apenas a ingestão de extrato etéreo e energia metabolizável apresentaram redução linear (P 0,05) com a inclusão do feno de amoreira no concentrado. Houve aumento linear (P 0,05) do nitrogênio nas fezes expresso em g dia-1 e g kg0,75 dia-1, redução linear (P 0,05) das excreções (mmol dia-1) de alantoína, purinas totais e purinas microbianas absorvidas, produção microbiana (g dia-1) expressa em nitrogênio microbiano e proteína bruta microbiana, e eficiência microbiana expressa em g Nm kg-1 de MODR-1 e g Pm kg-1 de NDT à medida que aumentou feno de amoreira na ração. O feno de amoreira em substituição ao concentrado na ração de cordeiros confinados reduz a síntese de proteína microbiana.(AU)