Exploring Aeration Strategies for Enhanced Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in Membrane Aerated Bioreactors: A Computational Approach.

In this study we employ computational methods to investigate the influence of aeration strategies on simultaneous nitrification-denitrification processes. Specifically, we explore the impact of periodic and intermittent aeration on denitrification rates, which typically lag behind nitrification rates under identical environmental conditions. A two-dimensional deterministic multi-scale model is employed to elucidate the fundamental processes governing the behavior of membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs). We aim to identify key factors that promote denitrification under varying aeration strategies. Our findings indicate that the concentration of oxygen during the off phase and the duration of the off interval play crucial roles in controlling denitrification. Complete discontinuation of oxygen is not advisable, as it inhibits the formation of anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria, thereby impeding denitrification. Extending the length of the off interval, however, enhances denitrification. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the initial inoculation of the substratum (membrane in this study) influences substrate degradation under periodic aeration, with implications for both nitrification and denitrification. Comparison between continuous and periodic/intermittent aeration scenarios reveals that the latter can extend the operational cycle of MABRs. This extension is attributed to relatively low biofilm growth rates associated with non-continuous aeration strategies. Consequently, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between aeration strategies and simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in MABRs. The insights presented herein can contribute significantly to the optimization of MABR performance in wastewater treatment applications.

Hydroxyl-Amide Alkaloids from Pepper Roots: Potential Sources of Natural Antioxidants and Tyrosinase Inhibitors.

Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a widely used spice plant known for its fruits and roots, which serve as flavor enhancers in culinary applications and hold significant economic value. Despite the popularity of pepper fruits, their roots remain relatively understudied, with limited research conducted on their bioactive components. This study focused on discovering and separating the primary bioactive amide alkaloids found in pepper roots. The process involved using the antioxidant activity of crude fractions and the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking analysis platform. The process led to the discovery of 23 previously unknown hydroxyl-amide alkaloids. Notably, compounds 11, 12, and 14 showed excellent antioxidant activity, while compound 11 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase. Theoretical exploration of enzyme-ligand interactions was conducted through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The findings of this study highlight the potential of hydroxyl-amide alkaloids as antioxidant products and natural food preservatives in the pharmaceutical and food cosmetic industries.

Correlation between Anterior Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion and Left Atrial Appendage Stasis in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) can lead to a decline in left atrial appendage (LAA) function, potentially increasing the likelihood of LAA thrombus (LAAT) and spontaneous echo contrast (SEC). Measuring LAA flow velocity through transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is currently the primary method for evaluating LAA function. This study aims to explore the potential correlation between anterior mitral annular plane systolic excursion (aMAPSE) and LAA stasis in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods: A total of 465 patients with NVAF were enrolled between October 2018 and November 2021. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and TEE were performed before scheduled electrical cardioversion. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance confounders between the groups with and without LAAT/dense SEC. Results: Patients in the LAAT/dense SEC group showed increased left atrial (LA) diameter, LAA area, alongside reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), LAA velocity, conjunction thickening ratio, aMAPSE, and LAA fraction area change (FAC) compared to those in the non-LAAT/dense SEC group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified aMAPSE and LAA FAC as independent predictors for LAAT/dense SEC. Specifically, an aMAPSE of < 6.76 mm and an LAA FAC of < 29.65% predicted LAAT/dense SEC with high diagnostic accuracy, demonstrated by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 (sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.80) for aMAPSE, and an AUC of 0.80 (sensitivity 0.70, specificity 0.84) for LAA FAC. Conclusions: Both aMAPSE and LAA FAC independently correlated with and accurately predict LAAT/dense SEC. Incorporating aMAPSE into routine TEE evaluations for LAA function alongside LAA flow velocity is recommended.

Tele-Assisted Home-Based Palliative Care Reduces Health Care Costs for Terminal Cancer Patients: Real-World Evidence From a Regional Hospital in Taiwan.

Background: Tele-assisted home-based palliative care (THPC) usually fulfills the desire of terminal patients to pass away at home. The overall costs of such a service deserve evaluation. Objectives: This study aims to determine health care utilization and costs for cancer patients at the end of life, stratified by THPC service. Design: Patients who received THPC were matched 1:1 based on age, gender, year of death, and propensity score with those who did not receive THPC. Setting/Subjects: A total of 773 cancer patients passed away in a regional hospital in Taiwan during the period of 2012-2020, of which 293 received THPC. Measurements: We measured the rates and costs of outpatient clinic visits, emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions during the last week, the last two weeks and the last month before death. In addition, we estimated the driving times and expenses required for transportation from each cancer patient's home to the hospital using Google Maps. National Health Insurance (NHI) reimbursements and out-of-pocket expenses were also calculated. Results: In comparison with patients without THPC, those who received THPC had a 50% lower likelihood of visiting the ED or being hospitalized, a more than 90% reduced chance of ICU admission, but were four times more likely to obtain their medicines from outpatient clinics. THPC patients had similar out-of-pocket expenditures, approximately half of the NHI costs, and lower rates and costs for ambulance transportation to the ED. Conclusions: THPC reduced health care costs for terminal cancer patients in the last week, the last two weeks, and the last month before death, while also increasing the likelihood of patients being able to rest and pass away at home.

Metabolomics analysis reveals metabolite diversity of the rare cliff plant Oresitrophe rupifraga unge.

Oresitrophe is monotypic, with the only species, Oresitrophe rupifraga Bunge, which is exclusive to China, having special growth and developmental traits due to its habitat. Furthermore, it has bright flowers and medicinal benefits. This study investigated the metabolites present in various tissues of Oresitrophe rupifraga Bunge. Using a widely targeted metabolomics approach, 1965 different metabolites were identified in Oresitrophe rupifraga Bunge. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the aboveground and underground metabolites of Oresitrophe rupifraga differed significantly. The comparison between bulblets and leaves revealed the differential expression of 461 metabolites, whereas the comparison between rhizomes and leaves showed the differential expression of 423 metabolites, and the comparison between bulblets and rhizomes showed the differential expression of 249 metabolites. The bulblets exhibited 49 metabolites that were higher and 412 metabolites that were lower than those of the leaves, whereas the rhizomes showed 123 upregulated and 300 downregulated metabolites. Bulblets showed an increase in 18 metabolites and a decrease in 231 metabolites compared to the rhizomes. Leaves contain more phenolic acids than the rhizomes and bulblets, whereas the rhizomes and bulblets contain more terpenoids than the leaves. KEGG pathway analysis showed an association between metabolites and metabolic pathways, as well as their effect on the progression and maturation of Oresitrophe rupifraga Bunge. The research findings can provide some insight into the growth and developmental traits of Oresitrophe rupifraga Bunge, thus providing a theoretical foundation for cultivating and utilising this plant.

Corrigendum to "Fluvastatin Upregulates the α 1C Subunit of CaV1.2 Channel Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via RhoA and ERK/p38 MAPK Pathways".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2014/237067.].

[Bibliometrics Analysis of Studies on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy From 2018 to 2022].

Objective To analyze the research progress and hot topics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from 2018 to 2022.Methods The publications in the field of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from January 1,2018 to December 31,2022 were retrieved from Web of Science core collection database and included for a bibliometric analysis.Results A total of 6355 publications were included,with an average citation frequency of 7 times.The year 2021 witnessed the most publications (1406).The analysis with VOSviewer showed that the research on sudden death related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,especially the predictive value of late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac MRI in sudden death,was a hot topic.In addition,gene detection and the new drug mavacamten became hot research topics.The United States was the country with the largest number of publications and the highest citation frequency in this field.Chinese scholars produced the second largest number of publications,which,however,included few high-quality research results.Conclusions Risk stratification and prevention of sudden death is still an important and hot research content in the field of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Chinese scholars should carry out multi-center cooperation in the future to improve the research results.

Proximal femoral nail antirotation versus InterTan nail for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) and InterTan Nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Given the high incidence of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly population and its impact on quality of life, choosing the most effective and safest surgical option is crucial. PFNA and InterTan are currently two commonly used techniques, but there is a lack of systematic evaluation comparing their safety and effectiveness. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap through Meta-analysis, providing clinicians with evidence-based treatment recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computer search was used to search for published literature on PFNA and InterTan in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Cinahl, CBM, and CNKI.A total of 853 related literatures were retrieved, and 15 literatures were finally included. Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale and Cochrane systematic review methodologies were used to assess the quality of the literature. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software, following data extraction. RESULTS: The comparison found that during the surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fractures, the operation time, fluoroscopy time, and blood loss in the PFNA group were significantly shorter than those in the InterTan group, and the difference was statistically significant. In terms of postoperative complication rates, the InterTan group had a significant advantage over the PFNA group. Shaft fracture, varus collapse, cut out, screw migration, and pain of hip and thigh were the most likely to occur in the PFNA group, and the differences were all statistically significant. In terms of postoperative efficacy, the results of the PFNA group and the InterTan group were comparable, and there was no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: When selecting surgical techniques for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures, it is necessary to conduct individualized assessments based on the patient's overall health status, surgical tolerance, and post-operative recovery needs. For patients who cannot tolerate long-term surgery or are in poor physical condition, PFNA may be more appropriate. While for patients who can tolerate long-term surgery or have more complex conditions, InterTan may be more suitable.

Neurotoxicity from long-term exposure to 6-PPDQ: Recent advances.

The recent acceleration of industrialization and urbanization has brought significant attention to N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6-PPDQ), an emerging environmental pollutant from tire wear, due to its long-term effects on the environment and organisms. Recent studies suggest that 6-PPDQ can disrupt neurotransmitter synthesis and release, impact receptor function, and alter signaling pathways, potentially causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This review investigates the potential neurotoxic effects of prolonged 6-PPDQ exposure, the mechanisms underlying its cytotoxicity, and the associated health risks. We emphasize the need for future research, including precise exposure assessments, identification of individual differences, and development of risk assessments and intervention strategies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of 6-PPDQ's behavior, impact, and neurotoxicity in the environment, highlighting key areas and challenges for future research.

The first discovery of Polypedatesteraiensis (Dubois, 1987) (Rhacophoridae, Anura) in China.

Background: The genus of Polypedates Tschudi, 1838 currently comprises 25 recognised species with four of these species reported in Yunnan, China. Dubois (1987) speculated the distribution of P.teraiensis in China; however, there was no study carried out to confirm its distribution in the region. New information: We herein describe P.teraiensis as a new national record, based on a specimen collected from Yunnan border region. Phylogenetically, our sequence clustered with the sequences of recognised P.teraiensis specimens from Bangladesh, Myanmar and India. The uncorrected pairwise distances between the specimens from China and other P.teraiensis localities was small, ranging from 0.0-0.7%, based on 16S rRNA gene. Therefore, we report P.teraiensis as a new species record for China.

Extraneural infection route restricts prion conformational variability and attenuates the impact of quaternary structure on infectivity.

Prions can exist as different strains that consist of conformational variants of the misfolded, pathogenic prion protein isoform PrPSc. Defined by stably transmissible biological and biochemical properties, strains have been identified in a spectrum of prion diseases, including chronic wasting disease (CWD) of wild and farmed cervids. CWD is highly contagious and spreads via direct and indirect transmission involving extraneural sites of infection, peripheral replication and neuroinvasion of prions. Here, we investigated the impact of infection route on CWD prion conformational selection and propagation. We used gene-targeted mouse models expressing deer PrP for intracerebral or intraperitoneal inoculation with fractionated or unfractionated brain homogenates from white-tailed deer, harboring CWD strains Wisc-1 or 116AG. Upon intracerebral inoculation, Wisc-1 and 116AG-inoculated mice differed in conformational stability of PrPSc. In brains of mice infected intraperitoneally with either inoculum, PrPSc propagated with identical conformational stability and fewer PrPSc deposits in most brain regions than intracerebrally inoculated animals. For either inoculum, PrPSc conformational stability in brain and spinal cord was similar upon intracerebral infection but significantly higher in spinal cords of intraperitoneally infected animals. Inoculation with fractionated brain homogenates resulted in lower variance of survival times upon intraperitoneal compared to intracerebral infection. In summary, we demonstrate that extraneural infection mitigates the impact of PrPSc quaternary structure on infection and reduces conformational variability of PrPSc propagated in the brain. These findings provide new insights into the evolution of stable CWD strains in natural, extraneural transmissions.

CPSS: Fusing consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling techniques for semi-supervised deep cardiovascular disease detection using all unlabeled electrocardiograms.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Deep learning usually achieves good performance in the supervised way, which requires a large amount of labeled data. However, manual labeling of electrocardiograms (ECGs) is laborious that requires much medical knowledge. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides an effective way of leveraging unlabeled data to improve model performance, providing insight for solving this problem. The objective of this study is to improve the performance of cardiovascular disease (CVD) detection by fully utilizing unlabeled ECG. METHODS: A novel SSL algorithm fusing consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling techniques (CPSS) is proposed. CPSS consists of supervised learning and unsupervised learning. For supervised learning, the labeled ECGs are mapped into prediction vectors by the classifier. The cross-entropy loss function is used to optimize the classifier. For unsupervised learning, the unlabeled ECGs are weakly and strongly augmented, and a consistency loss is used to minimize the difference between the classifier's predictions for the two augmentations. Pseudo-labeling techniques include positive pseudo-labeling (PL) and ranking-based negative pseudo-labeling (RNL). PL introduces pseudo-labels for data with high prediction confidence. RNL assigns negative pseudo-labels to the lower-ranked categories in the prediction vectors to leverage data with low prediction confidence. In this study, VGGNet and ResNet are used as classifiers, which are jointly optimized by labeled and unlabeled ECGs. RESULTS: CPSS has been validated on several databases. With the same number of labeled ECGs (10%), it improves the accuracies over pure supervised learning by 13.59%, 4.60%, and 5.38% in the CPSC2018, PTB-XL, and Chapman databases, respectively. CPSS achieves comparable results to the fully supervised method with only 10% of labeled ECGs, which reduces the labeling workload by 90%. In addition, to verify the practicality of CPSS, a cardiovascular disease monitoring system is designed by heterogeneously deploying the trained classifiers on an SoC (system-on-a-chip), which can detect CVD in real time. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the proposed CPSS can significantly improve the performance of CVD detection using unlabeled ECG, which reduces the burden of ECG labeling in deep learning. In addition, the designed monitoring system makes the proposed CPSS promising for real-world applications.

Case Report: Lumbar spondylolisthesis with unilateral pedicle cleft and contralateral spondylolysis: a report of two cases and literature review.

Background: The causes of pedicle cleft include congenital dysplasia and stress fractures, both of which are rare conditions. Secondary lumbar spondylolisthesis with combined unilateral pedicle cleft and contralateral spondylolysis is extremely rare and can be easily misdiagnosed. We report two cases with these conditions from different causes and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic features in the context of the literature review. Case description: Case 1 was a 58-year-old female with a stress fracture change at the left L5 pedicle. Case 2 was a 47-year-old female with a pedicle cleft due to hypoplasia of the left L5 pedicle. Both patients had a combined contralateral spondylolysis and Meyerding grade one lumbar spondylolisthesis, while neither had a clear history of lumbar trauma. After initial conservative treatments failed, both patients underwent a single-segment posterior lumbar interbody fusion with bilateral pedicle screw fixation. Both patients were followed up for more than 1 year postoperatively with clinical symptom relief and bony fusion at the pedicle cleft suggested by a CT scan. Conclusion: Lumbar spondylolisthesis with unilateral pedicle cleft and contralateral spondylolysis is rarely reported and can be clinically misdiagnosed as simple spondylolisthesis with bilateral spondylolysis. There is no widely accepted surgical option for patients for whom conservative treatment has failed. Our experience suggests that good clinical results may be achieved by single-segment posterior interbody fusion and bilateral pedicle screw fixation. Precise screw placement into the deficient pedicle and sufficient exiting nerve decompression are prerequisites for the success of this surgical option.

Morphology and location of thrombus and sludge in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Stroke and thromboembolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) primarily arise from thrombi or sludge in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Comprehensive insight into the characteristics of these formations is essential for effective risk assessment and management. METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective observational of 176 consecutive NVAF patients with confirmed atrial/appendage thrombus or sludge determined by a pre-ablation transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) from December 2017 to April 2019. We obtained clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, including left atrial appendage emptying velocity (LAAeV) and filling velocity (LAAfV). Data analysis focused on identifying the morphology and location of thrombus or sludge. Patients were divided into the solid thrombus and sludge groups, and the correlation between clinical and echocardiographic variables and thrombotic status was analyzed. RESULTS: Morphological classification: In total, thrombi were identified in 78 patients, including 71 (40.3%) mass and 7 (4.0%) lamellar, while sludge was noted in 98 (55.7%). Location classification: 92.3% (72/78) of patients had thrombus confined to the LAA; 3.8% (3/78) had both LA and LAA involvement; 2.7% (2/78) had LA, LAA and RAA extended into the RA, the remained 1.2%(1/78) was isolated to RAA. 98.0% (96/98) of patients had sludge confined to the LAA; the remaining 2.0% (2/98) were present in the atrial septal aneurysm, which protrusion of interatrial septum into the RA. The thrombus and sludge groups showed low LAAeV (19.43 ± 9.59 cm/s) or LAAfV (17.40 ± 10.09 cm/s). Only LA dimension ≥ 40 mm was independently associated with the thrombus state in the multivariable model. CONCLUSION: This cohort study identified rare thrombus morphology and systematically summarized the classification of thrombus morphology. The distribution of thrombus and sludge outside limited to LAA was updated, including bilateral atrial and appendage involvement and rare atrial septal aneurysm sludge. LAAeV and LAAfV were of limited value in distinguishing solid thrombus from sludge. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: ChiCTR-OCH-13,003,729.

An outcome-driven threshold for pulse pressure amplification.

Pulse pressure amplification (PPA) is the brachial-to-aortic pulse pressure ratio and decreases with age and cardiovascular risk factors. This individual-participant meta-analysis of population studies aimed to define an outcome-driven threshold for PPA. Incidence rates and standardized multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of cardiovascular and coronary endpoints associated with PPA, as assessed by the SphygmoCor software, were evaluated in the International Database of Central Arterial Properties for Risk Stratification (n = 5608). Model refinement was assessed by the integrated discrimination (IDI) and net reclassification (NRI) improvement. Age ranged from 30 to 96 years (median 53.6). Over 4.1 years (median), 255 and 109 participants experienced a cardiovascular or coronary endpoint. In a randomly defined discovery subset of 3945 individuals, the rounded risk-carrying PPA thresholds converged at 1.3. The HRs for cardiovascular and coronary endpoints contrasting PPA < 1.3 vs ≥1.3 were 1.54 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-2.36) and 2.45 (CI: 1.20-5.01), respectively. Models were well calibrated, findings were replicated in the remaining 1663 individuals analyzed as test dataset, and NRI was significant for both endpoints. The HRs associating cardiovascular and coronary endpoints per PPA threshold in individuals <60 vs ≥60 years were 3.86 vs 1.19 and 6.21 vs 1.77, respectively. The proportion of high-risk women (PPA < 1.3) was higher at younger age (<60 vs ≥60 years: 67.7% vs 61.5%; P < 0.001). In conclusion, over and beyond common risk factors, a brachial-to-central PP ratio of <1.3 is a forerunner of cardiovascular coronary complications and is an underestimated risk factor in women aged 30-60 years. Our study supports pulse wave analysis for risk stratification.

Deep Blue CsPbBr3 Quantum Wires with Tailored Shapes.

Low-dimension metal halide perovskites are attractive for bandgap tunable optoelectronic materials. Among them, 1-D CsPbBr3 quantum wires (QWs) are emerging as promising deep-blue luminescent material. However, the growth dynamics of 1-D perovskite QWs are intricate, making the study and control of 1-D QWs highly challenging. In this study, a strategy for controlling both the length and width of the CsPbBr3 QWs was realized. The temperature-dependent isotropic growth mechanism was revealed and employed as the main tool for the oriented growth of 1-D CsPbBr3 QWs for various aspect ratios. Our results pave the way for the controlled synthesis of ultrasmall perovskite nanocrystals.

Dosing and Safety Profile of Aficamten in Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Results From SEQUOIA-HCM.

BACKGROUND: Aficamten, a novel cardiac myosin inhibitor, reversibly reduces cardiac hypercontractility in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We present a prespecified analysis of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of aficamten in SEQUOIA-HCM (Safety, Efficacy, and Quantitative Understanding of Obstruction Impact of Aficamten in HCM). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 282 patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were randomized 1:1 to daily aficamten (5-20 mg) or placebo between February 1, 2022, and May 15, 2023. Aficamten dosing targeted the lowest effective dose for achieving site-interpreted Valsalva left ventricular outflow tract gradient <30 mm Hg with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50%. End points were evaluated during titration (day 1 to week 8), maintenance (weeks 8-24), and washout (weeks 24-28), and included major adverse cardiac events, new-onset atrial fibrillation, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharges, LVEF <50%, and treatment-emergent adverse events. At week 8, 3.6%, 12.9%, 35%, and 48.6% of patients achieved 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-mg doses, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar across groups. Aficamten concentration increased by dose and remained stable during maintenance. During the treatment period, LVEF decreased by -0.9% (95% CI, -1.3 to -0.6) per 100 ng/mL aficamten exposure. Seven (4.9%) patients taking aficamten underwent per-protocol dose reduction for site-interpreted LVEF <50%. There were no treatment interruptions or heart failure worsening for LVEF <50%. No major adverse cardiovascular events were associated with aficamten, and treatment-emergent adverse events were similar between treatment groups, including atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS: A site-based dosing algorithm targeting the lowest effective aficamten dose reduced left ventricular outflow tract gradient with a favorable safety profile throughout SEQUOIA-HCM. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique Identifier: NCT05186818.

A High-Performance Pixel-Level Fully Pipelined Hardware Accelerator for Neural Networks.

The design of convolutional neural network (CNN) hardware accelerators based on a single computing engine (CE) architecture or multi-CE architecture has received widespread attention in recent years. Although this kind of hardware accelerator has advantages in hardware platform deployment flexibility and development cycle, it is still limited in resource utilization and data throughput. When processing large feature maps, the speed can usually only reach 10 frames/s, which does not meet the requirements of application scenarios, such as autonomous driving and radar detection. To solve the above problems, this article proposes a full pipeline hardware accelerator design based on pixel. By pixel-by-pixel strategy, the concept of the layer is downplayed, and the generation method of each pixel of the output feature map (Ofmap) can be optimized. To pipeline the entire computing system, we expand each layer of the neural network into hardware, eliminating the buffers between layers and maximizing the effect of complete connectivity across the entire network. This approach has yielded excellent performance. Besides that, as the pixel data stream is a fundamental paradigm in image processing, our fully pipelined hardware accelerator is universal for various CNNs (MobileNetV1, MobileNetV2 and FashionNet) in computer vision. As an example, the accelerator for MobileNetV1 achieves a speed of 4205.50 frames/s and a throughput of 4787.15 GOP/s at 211 MHz, with an output latency of 0.60 ms per image. This extremely shorts processing time and opens the door for AI's application in high-speed scenarios.