Characterization of Contemporary Conventional, Bulk-fill, and Self-adhesive Resin Composite Materials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the physical and biological properties of different types of flowable resin composites and their bonding ability to dentin, comparing the performance of self-adhesive and bulk-fill materials with a conventional control. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Four flowable resin composites were tested: two self-adhesive (Y-flow [SA_YF]; and Dyad Flow [SA_DF]); one bulk-fill (Filtek Bulk Fill Flow [BF]); and one conventional composite (Opallis Flow [OF]). The microshear bond strength (µSBS) to dentin (bovine samples) was investigated at 24 hours and 6 months of storage. The materials were also characterized by degree of conversion, cross-link density, water contact angle, color stability, and cell viability (ISO 10993-5/2009) analyses. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: The µSBS values were higher for control specimens at 24 hours, whereas the resin-dentin bonds were similarly distributed among the groups after aging. Adhesive failure was the most frequent pattern observed at both time intervals. SA_YF was the only material that increased the bond strength over time. Degree of conversion increased in the following order: SA_YF (28.6±1.4%) < BF (49.7±0.8%) < OF (60.0±2.0%) = SA_DF (63.6±2.3%). Cross-link density was similar among all materials. The self-adhesive composites were more hydrophilic than the other types, with BF showing the lowest water contact angle and the greatest color alteration. All resin composites had a biocompatible behavior. CONCLUSION: Chemical composition appeared to be an influential factor affecting the physico-mechanical and biological behavior of the materials tested.

Preliminary evaluation of a non-invasive device for monitoring intracranial pressure waveforms in dogs.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare waveforms obtained with a new device for the non-invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) in dogs with and without neurological disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on both neurologically normal dogs and dogs with neurological diseases. First, non-invasive ICP waveforms were recorded in normal dogs using the Braincare® BcMM 2000 monitor while the dogs were under general anaesthesia induced for procedures unrelated to this study. The dogs were positioned in lateral recumbency, and the sensor was placed over the skin of the parietal region. Secondly, non-invasive ICP waveforms were monitored in dogs with brain and spinal disease until waveforms with characteristic peaks were acquired. All the recorded signals were amplified, filtered and digitalized, by the device, and then transferred to a computer for analysis. RESULTS: Normal pulse waveforms indicating normal brain complacency were observed in eight neurologically normal dogs. In six dogs with brain disease, abnormal pulse waveforms were observed suggesting increased ICP and decreased brain complacency. Four dogs with spinal disease undergoing myelography, had normal waveforms before contrast medium injection and abnormal pulse waveforms during contrast medium injection, indicating a potential increase in ICP. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Based on these preliminary observations, this method was capable of detecting abnormal pulse waveforms that suggested increased ICP.

Enhanced peri-operative care to improve outcomes for high-risk surgical patients in Brazil: a single-centre before-and-after cohort study.

Mortality and morbidity for high-risk surgical patients are often high, especially in low-resource settings. Enhanced peri-operative care has the potential to reduce preventable deaths but must be designed to meet local needs. This before-and-after cohort study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a postoperative 48-hour enhanced care pathway for high-risk surgical patients ('high-risk surgical bundle') who did not meet the criteria for elective admission to intensive care. The pathway comprised of six elements: risk identification and communication; adoption of a high-risk post-anaesthesia care unit discharge checklist; prompt nursing admission to ward; intensification of vital signs monitoring; troponin measurement; and prompt access to medical support if required. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Data describing 1189 patients from two groups, before and after implementation of the pathway, were compared. The usual care group comprised a retrospective cohort of high-risk surgical patients between September 2015 and December 2016. The intervention group prospectively included high-risk surgical patients from February 2019 to March 2020. Unadjusted mortality rate was 10.5% (78/746) for the usual care and 6.3% (28/443) for the intervention group. After adjustment, the intervention effect remained significant (RR 0.46 (95%CI 0.30-0.72). The high-risk surgical bundle group received more rapid response team calls (24% vs. 12.6%; RR 0.63 [95%CI 0.49-0.80]) and surgical re-interventions (18.9 vs. 7.5%; RR 0.41 [95%CI 0.30-0.59]). These data suggest that a clinical pathway based on enhanced surveillance for high-risk surgical patients in a resource-constrained setting could reduce in-hospital mortality.

Standardization of a rapid quadruplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of bovine, buffalo, Salmonella spp, and Listeria monocytogenes DNA in milk / [Padronização de um método rápido de PCR quadriplex para a detecção simultânea de DNA de bovino, bubalino, Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes em leite]

The objective of the present study was to Standardize a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) protocol for the authentication of bovine and buffalo milk, and to detect the presence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. For this, the target DNA was extracted, mixed, and subjected to a PCR assay. Milk samples were defrauded and experimentally contaminated with microorganisms to assess the detection of target DNA at different times of cultivation, bacterial titers, and concentration of genetic material. In addition, the protocol was tested with DNA extracted directly from food, without a pre-enrichment step. The proposed quadruplex PCR showed good accuracy in identifying target DNA sequences. It was possible to simultaneously identify all DNA sequences at the time of inoculation (0h), when the samples were contaminated with 2 CFU/250mL and with 6h of culture when the initial inoculum was 1 CFU/250mL. It was also possible to directly detect DNA sequences from the food when it was inoculated with 3 CFU/mL bacteria. Thus, the proposed methodology showed satisfactory performance, optimization of the analysis time, and a potential for the detection of microorganisms at low titers, which can be used for the detection of fraud and contamination.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi padronizar um protocolo de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para a autenticação de leite bovino e bubalino e a detecção da presença de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Para isso, o DNA-alvo foi extraído, misturado e submetido ao ensaio de PCR. Amostras de leite foram fraudadas e contaminadas experimentalmente com os micro-organismos, para se avaliar a detecção do DNA-alvo em diferentes tempos de cultivo, os títulos bacterianos e a concentração de material genético. Além disso, o protocolo foi testado com DNA extraído diretamente do alimento, sem a etapa de pré-enriquecimento. A PCR quadriplex proposta mostrou boa precisão na identificação de sequências de DNA-alvo. Foi possível identificar simultaneamente todas as sequências de DNA no momento da inoculação (0h), quando as amostras estavam contaminadas com 2 UFC/250mL, e com seis horas de cultura, quando o inóculo inicial foi de 1 UFC/250mL. Também foi possível detectar diretamente as sequências de DNA do alimento quando este foi inoculado com 3 UFC/mL de bactérias. Dessa forma, a metodologia proposta apresentou desempenho satisfatório, otimização do tempo de análise e potencial para detecção de micro-organismos em baixos títulos, podendo ser utilizada para detecção de fraude e contaminação.

Projeto de controle populacional de cães e gatos: benefícios ao treinamento dos alunos de Medicina Veterinária / Project for population control of dogs and cats: benefits for the training of Veterinary Medicine student

A reprodução descontrolada de animais semi-domiciliados está envolvida com abandono e riscos à saúde pública devido às possíveis zoonoses veiculadas. Projetos de extensão de controle da natalidade de cães e gatos proporcionam aprendizagem e treinamento dos alunos sob a supervisão, bem como a orientação de tutores sobre o manejo adequado de seus animais e a guarda responsável. O objetivo do projeto foi promover o treinamento clínico, cirúrgico e aproximação dos estudantes com os tutores de animais de companhia. Alunos do curso de medicina veterinária realizaram, sob supervisão dos docentes e pós graduandos, atendimento clínico e cirurgias eletivas de castração de cães e gatos de tutores desafiados financeiramente. Após seis meses de treinamento foi aplicado um questionário aos discentes, o objetivo foi avaliar a evolução dos conhecimentos adquiridos. Trinta alunos responderam aos questionários, sendo que 47% demonstraram ter adquirido maior conhecimento na prática cirúrgica; 23% nas habilidades anestésicas; 20% em outros procedimentos e 10% no trabalho em equipe. Estes resultados confirmam a necessidade de treinamento dos graduandos em ações extra sala de aula, para que seja possível a formação de um profissional capacitado e seguro para exercer a profissão, estimulando e fortalecendo o trabalho em equipe

The concern with semi-domiciled animals is involved with the uncontrolled reproduction, abandonment and risk to the public health due to the possible zoonoses transmitted. Cat and dog birth control extension projects provide learning and training for students, under the supervision of professors as well as tutors are advised on the proper management of their animals by encouraging responsible custody. The objective was to promote student training on clinical, surgical and access with the reality of pet owners. Veterinary medicine students underwent clinical and surgical care, under the supervision of the professors, in order to carry out elective castration of patients of financially challenged tutors. After six months of training, a questionnaire was developed in order to identify if there was evolution in relation to the acquired knowledge. Thirty students answered the questionnaires, 47% of whom demonstrated greater knowledge in the surgical practice; 23% in anesthetic skills; 20% in other procedures and 10% in teamwork. These results demonstrate the need for training of undergraduates, with participation in extra-classroom actions, so that it is possible to train a qualified and safe professional to practice the profession, stimulating and strengthening teamwork.

Projeto de controle populacional de cães e gatos: benefícios ao treinamento dos alunos de Medicina Veterinária / Project for population control of dogs and cats: benefits for the training of Veterinary Medicine student

A reprodução descontrolada de animais semi-domiciliados está envolvida com abandono e riscos à saúde pública devido às possíveis zoonoses veiculadas. Projetos de extensão de controle da natalidade de cães e gatos proporcionam aprendizagem e treinamento dos alunos sob a supervisão, bem como a orientação de tutores sobre o manejo adequado de seus animais e a guarda responsável. O objetivo do projeto foi promover o treinamento clínico, cirúrgico e aproximação dos estudantes com os tutores de animais de companhia. Alunos do curso de medicina veterinária realizaram, sob supervisão dos docentes e pós graduandos, atendimento clínico e cirurgias eletivas de castração de cães e gatos de tutores desafiados financeiramente. Após seis meses de treinamento foi aplicado um questionário aos discentes, o objetivo foi avaliar a evolução dos conhecimentos adquiridos. Trinta alunos responderam aos questionários, sendo que 47% demonstraram ter adquirido maior conhecimento na prática cirúrgica; 23% nas habilidades anestésicas; 20% em outros procedimentos e 10% no trabalho em equipe. Estes resultados confirmam a necessidade de treinamento dos graduandos em ações extra sala de aula, para que seja possível a formação de um profissional capacitado e seguro para exercer a profissão, estimulando e fortalecendo o trabalho em equipe(AU)

The concern with semi-domiciled animals is involved with the uncontrolled reproduction, abandonment and risk to the public health due to the possible zoonoses transmitted. Cat and dog birth control extension projects provide learning and training for students, under the supervision of professors as well as tutors are advised on the proper management of their animals by encouraging responsible custody. The objective was to promote student training on clinical, surgical and access with the reality of pet owners. Veterinary medicine students underwent clinical and surgical care, under the supervision of the professors, in order to carry out elective castration of patients of financially challenged tutors. After six months of training, a questionnaire was developed in order to identify if there was evolution in relation to the acquired knowledge. Thirty students answered the questionnaires, 47% of whom demonstrated greater knowledge in the surgical practice; 23% in anesthetic skills; 20% in other procedures and 10% in teamwork. These results demonstrate the need for training of undergraduates, with participation in extra-classroom actions, so that it is possible to train a qualified and safe professional to practice the profession, stimulating and strengthening teamwork.(AU)

Use of infrared thermography to evaluate the inflammatory reaction in cat testis after intratesticular injection of 0. 9% NaCl or 20% CaCl2 with 1% lidocaine / O uso da termografia infravermelha para avaliar a reação inflamatória após a injeção intratesticular de NaCL 0, 9 % e cloreto de cálcio 20% com lidocaína 1%

Due to the doubts and questions about the inflammatory reaction caused by chemical castration, this study aimed to use infrared thermography to detect, evaluate and monitor the inflammatory reaction caused by the intratesticular injection of calcium chloride (CaCl2) 20% with lidocaine 1%. For this, thermographic measurements were taken before (M0), 10 minutes (M1), 1 and 6 hours (M2 and M3), for 7 consecutive days (M4 to M10), at 15 (M11), 30 (M12) and 60 (M13) days after intratesticular injection. Additionally, changes to testicular tissue and effects over spermatogenesis were evaluated by andrological exam before (M0) and 60 days (M13) after intratesticular injection. All cats were orchiectomized at M13, and testicles were submitted to histological analysis. CaCl2 (20%) with lidocaine (1%) administration produced testicular tissue damage and interfered with the spermatogenesis in 70% of treated cats without exacerbating the inflammatory reaction or impairing the cat's welfare. It was concluded that thermographic evaluation is a useful, efficient, easy and quick method to diagnose and monitor cat testicular inflammatory reactions.(AU)

Devido a constantes dúvidas e questionamentos sobre a reação inflamatória ocasionada pela castração química, este estudo objetivou o uso da termografia infravermelha para detectar, avaliar e monitorar a reação inflamatória causada pela injeção intratesticular de cloreto de cálcio (CaCl 2 ) 20% associada à lidocaína 1%. Para isso, medidas termográficas foram aferidas antes (M0), 10 minutos (M1), uma e seis horas (M2 e M3), por sete dias consecutivos (M4 a M10), aos 15 (M11), 30 (M12), e 60 (M13) dias após injeção intratesticular, nos grupos tratado e controle. Todos os gatos foram orquiectomizados no M13, e os testículos submetidos à análise histológica. A injeção CaCl 2 a 20% associada com lidocaína a 1% produziu lesão testicular e interferiu na espermatogênese de 70% dos gatos tratados, sem exacerbar a reação inflamatória ou prejudicar o bem-estar do animal. Foi concluído que a avaliação termográfica é uma ferramenta útil, eficiente, rápida e fácil para o diagnóstico e o monitoramento da reação inflamatória em gatos.(AU)

Use of infrared thermography to evaluate the inflammatory reaction in cat testis after intratesticular injection of 0. 9% NaCl or 20% CaCl2 with 1% lidocaine / O uso da termografia infravermelha para avaliar a reação inflamatória após a injeção intratesticular de NaCL 0, 9 % e cloreto de cálcio 20% com lidocaína 1%

Due to the doubts and questions about the inflammatory reaction caused by chemical castration, this study aimed to use infrared thermography to detect, evaluate and monitor the inflammatory reaction caused by the intratesticular injection of calcium chloride (CaCl2) 20% with lidocaine 1%. For this, thermographic measurements were taken before (M0), 10 minutes (M1), 1 and 6 hours (M2 and M3), for 7 consecutive days (M4 to M10), at 15 (M11), 30 (M12) and 60 (M13) days after intratesticular injection. Additionally, changes to testicular tissue and effects over spermatogenesis were evaluated by andrological exam before (M0) and 60 days (M13) after intratesticular injection. All cats were orchiectomized at M13, and testicles were submitted to histological analysis. CaCl2 (20%) with lidocaine (1%) administration produced testicular tissue damage and interfered with the spermatogenesis in 70% of treated cats without exacerbating the inflammatory reaction or impairing the cat's welfare. It was concluded that thermographic evaluation is a useful, efficient, easy and quick method to diagnose and monitor cat testicular inflammatory reactions.(AU)

Devido a constantes dúvidas e questionamentos sobre a reação inflamatória ocasionada pela castração química, este estudo objetivou o uso da termografia infravermelha para detectar, avaliar e monitorar a reação inflamatória causada pela injeção intratesticular de cloreto de cálcio (CaCl 2 ) 20% associada à lidocaína 1%. Para isso, medidas termográficas foram aferidas antes (M0), 10 minutos (M1), uma e seis horas (M2 e M3), por sete dias consecutivos (M4 a M10), aos 15 (M11), 30 (M12), e 60 (M13) dias após injeção intratesticular, nos grupos tratado e controle. Todos os gatos foram orquiectomizados no M13, e os testículos submetidos à análise histológica. A injeção CaCl 2 a 20% associada com lidocaína a 1% produziu lesão testicular e interferiu na espermatogênese de 70% dos gatos tratados, sem exacerbar a reação inflamatória ou prejudicar o bem-estar do animal. Foi concluído que a avaliação termográfica é uma ferramenta útil, eficiente, rápida e fácil para o diagnóstico e o monitoramento da reação inflamatória em gatos.(AU)

Alterações fisiológicas e comportamentais de bovinos de corte após o manejo de castração / Physiological and behavioral changes of beef cattle after castration management

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, parâmetros fisiológicos e temperamentais de bovinos de corte não castrados ou submetidos à castração cirúrgica ou à imunocastração. O período experimental foi dividido em dois subperíodos de observações: primeiros 15 dias pós-castração (período de cicatrização) e os 25 dias seguintes à cicatrização. Nos primeiros 15 dias de avaliação, os animais não castrados obtiveram maior ganho médio diário de peso em relação aos castrados cirurgicamente. A frequência cardíaca foi maior para os animais castrados cirurgicamente, com 126,51 batimentos/minuto, em relação aos demais tratamentos. A distância de fuga foi superior para os novilhos castrados cirurgicamente, com valor de 12,22 metros. Nos 25 dias seguintes à castração cirúrgica, o ganho médio diário de peso foi superior nos bovinos castrados cirurgicamente em relação aos bovinos não castrados ou imunocastrados. A velocidade de fuga, no segundo subperíodo de avaliação, foi superior nos bovinos castrados em relação aos não castrados. O período imediato à castração, os primeiros 15 dias, prejudicou o ganho médio diário e o ganho de peso total, o que causou maior reatividade, com alterações nos parâmetros fisiológicos e temperamentais de bovinos castrados cirurgicamente em comparação com bovinos não castrados, entretanto, transcorrido o período de cicatrização, essas diferenças diminuíram ou desapareceram.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, physiological and temperamental parameters of uncastrated beef cattle or those submitted to surgical castration or immunocastration, in the post-castration period. The experimental period was divided into two subperiods of observations: the first 15 days post-castration (healing period) and the 25 days following healing. In the first 15 days of evaluation, the non-castrated animals obtained a greater average daily gain of weight in relation to surgically castrated. The heart rate was higher for surgically castrated animals with 126,51 beats/minute, compared to the other treatments. The distance of escape was higher for the surgically castrated steers, with a value of 12,22 meters, when compared to the other groups studied. During the next 25 days of surgical castration, the mean daily gain of weight was higher in surgically castrated cattle than in non-castrated or immunocastrated cattle. The escape velocity, in the second evaluation subperiod, was superior in the castrated cattle, in relation to the not castrated. The immediate castration period, the first 15 days, altered the mean daily gain and the total weight gain, the physiological and temperamental parameters of surgically castrated cattle, however, after the healing period, these differences diminish or disappear.(AU)

Alterações fisiológicas e comportamentais de bovinos de corte após o manejo de castração / Physiological and behavioral changes of beef cattle after castration management

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, parâmetros fisiológicos e temperamentais de bovinos de corte não castrados ou submetidos à castração cirúrgica ou à imunocastração. O período experimental foi dividido em dois subperíodos de observações: primeiros 15 dias pós-castração (período de cicatrização) e os 25 dias seguintes à cicatrização. Nos primeiros 15 dias de avaliação, os animais não castrados obtiveram maior ganho médio diário de peso em relação aos castrados cirurgicamente. A frequência cardíaca foi maior para os animais castrados cirurgicamente, com 126,51 batimentos/minuto, em relação aos demais tratamentos. A distância de fuga foi superior para os novilhos castrados cirurgicamente, com valor de 12,22 metros. Nos 25 dias seguintes à castração cirúrgica, o ganho médio diário de peso foi superior nos bovinos castrados cirurgicamente em relação aos bovinos não castrados ou imunocastrados. A velocidade de fuga, no segundo subperíodo de avaliação, foi superior nos bovinos castrados em relação aos não castrados. O período imediato à castração, os primeiros 15 dias, prejudicou o ganho médio diário e o ganho de peso total, o que causou maior reatividade, com alterações nos parâmetros fisiológicos e temperamentais de bovinos castrados cirurgicamente em comparação com bovinos não castrados, entretanto, transcorrido o período de cicatrização, essas diferenças diminuíram ou desapareceram.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, physiological and temperamental parameters of uncastrated beef cattle or those submitted to surgical castration or immunocastration, in the post-castration period. The experimental period was divided into two subperiods of observations: the first 15 days post-castration (healing period) and the 25 days following healing. In the first 15 days of evaluation, the non-castrated animals obtained a greater average daily gain of weight in relation to surgically castrated. The heart rate was higher for surgically castrated animals with 126,51 beats/minute, compared to the other treatments. The distance of escape was higher for the surgically castrated steers, with a value of 12,22 meters, when compared to the other groups studied. During the next 25 days of surgical castration, the mean daily gain of weight was higher in surgically castrated cattle than in non-castrated or immunocastrated cattle. The escape velocity, in the second evaluation subperiod, was superior in the castrated cattle, in relation to the not castrated. The immediate castration period, the first 15 days, altered the mean daily gain and the total weight gain, the physiological and temperamental parameters of surgically castrated cattle, however, after the healing period, these differences diminish or disappear.(AU)

Evaluation of teratogenicity and genotoxicity induced by kramecyne (KACY).

Kramecyne (KACY), a polymer isolated from Krameria cytisoides Cav, has anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, anti-arthritic and anti-ulcerogenic properties. As a part of standard preclinical safety tests, the present study sought to determine potential developmental toxicity (in female rats) and genotoxicity (in male mice) of KACY. Pregnant female rats were divided into six groups: the negative control (vehicle), the positive control (250 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)), and four experimental groups (50, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of KACY). To evaluate genotoxicity by in vivo micronuclei (MN) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) tests, male mice were divided into five groups: the negative control (vehicle), the positive control (1.5 and 2.5 mg/kg of doxorubicin for MN and SCE, respectively), and three experimental groups (50, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of KACY). All treatments were administered by oral gavage. A slight maternal toxicity was evidenced by lower weight gain for rats receiving 500 and 1000 mg/kg of KACY, but no fetal malformations were found. However, there were less live fetuses/litter and greater post-implantation loss/litter at these two doses. Manifestations of developmental toxicity were limited to a higher rate of skeletal alterations. The MN tests did not evidence genotoxicity or cytotoxicity. KACY caused a slightly but significantly increased frequency of SCE. Although KACY-treated rats had skeletal alterations, these apparently were not caused by a mechanism of genotoxicity. Furthermore, the same administration in adult male mice did not produce genotoxicity. Hence, KACY herein proved to be safe for rats during the period of organogenesis.

Investigation of the antifungal potential of linalool against clinical isolates of fluconazole resistant Trichophyton rubrum.

The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of the monoterpene linalool against clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum. Initially, a sensitivity assay for commercial antifungals with solid disks in diffusion medium was performed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of linalool and ketoconazole (positive control) were determined by microdilution in RPMI 1640 medium (CLSI M38-A2). We then evaluated the action of linalool and ketoconazole at different concentrations (1/2MIC, MIC and 2×MIC) on mycelial growth (radial mycelial growth), conidia production and conidia germination using a hemacytometer. The effects on cell membrane (release of intracellular material) were also investigated. Finally, changes in fungal morphology as induced by the test drugs were analyzed. Based on the sensitivity tests, the fungal strains showed resistance to 5-fluorocytosine and fluconazole. The linalool MIC values ranged from 256µg/mL to 512µg/mL, whereas ketoconazole showed values of 4µg/mL to 8µg/mL. For the LM 305 strain, the test drugs showed the following MIC values: linalool 256µg/mL and ketoconazole 8µg/mL. The mycelial growth of T. rubrum LM 305 was inhibited by linalool (2×MIC) and ketoconazole (1/2MIC, MIC, 2×MIC), in 7 days of treatment (P<0.05). The test-drugs also inhibited conidial germination and conidiogenesis (P<0.05). Linalool also caused leakage of intracellular material (P<0.05). Finally, we verified the effectiveness of linalool and ketoconazole to induce micro-morphological changes, forming abnormal, wide, short and crooked hyphae. Based on these results, we conclude that linalool presents as an antifungal agent with anti-Trichophyton rubrum potential, an important dermatophytosis agent.

Terahertz imaging for early screening of diabetic foot syndrome: A proof of concept.

Most people with diabetes suffer some deterioration of the feet. Diabetic foot syndrome causes ulceration in about 15% of cases and such deterioration leads to amputation in about 2.5% of diabetic patients, diminishing their quality of life and generating extraordinary costs for patients and public health systems. Currently, there is no objective method for the detection of diabetic foot syndrome in its early stages. We propose terahertz imaging as a method for the evaluation of such deterioration. This screening method could aid the prevention and medical treatment of this condition in the future.

Microscopic agglutination test on captive rattlesnakes : Data on serovars and titers.

The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is considered the "golden standard" leptospirosis serodiagnostic test, but there is little information about it as it pertains to snakes. To fill this information gap, we provide data on serovars and titers of fifty-six Crotalus durissus collilineatus sera samples that tested positive by MAT (10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.02.006 (Rodrigues et al., 2016) [5]). These data are presented in a table, along with a description of the methodology used for sample collection and serologic testing.

Evaluation of progenies from the fifth reciprocal recurrent selection cycle in maize.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of 119 full sib progenies of the fifth cycle of reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) derived from of Universidade Federal de Lavras maize breeding program. The experiment was carried out in an 11 x 11 triple lattice design at two locations (Lavras, Lambari). The plots consisted of two rows of 3 m, with four plants per 1 m and 0.60 meters of spacing between lines. The grain yield was obtained as kg/plot through weighing of husked ears. The contrast between progenies and controls was not significant, indicating there were no significant differences among the average grain yields of the progenies and controls. When considering the joint analysis, heritability was 64.2%; however, this estimate did not differ from the values estimated for each location separately. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic variance among progenies ranged from 0.21 to 0.28 and 0.30 to 0.47, respectively. Estimates of selection gain, for 10% selection intensity, indicated gains of 16% in the joint analysis of the two locations. The progenies of the fifth cycle of RRS had high average grain yield, associated with high variability. In comparison to the average grain yields exhibited by the controls, it was concluded that the progenies have the potential to be commercially exploited.

Cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae) in plant test system / Citotoxicidade de extratos aquosos de Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae) em sistema-teste vegetal

This study investigated the cytotoxic activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) aqueous extract on the cell cycle of Allium cepa. To this end, crude aqueous leaf extracts at four concentrations, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 mg/mL, were tested on A. cepa meristematic root cells, at exposure times of 24 and 48h. Slides were prepared by the crushing technique, and cells analyzed throughout the cell cycle, totaling 5,000 for each control group and concentration. The four concentrations tested, including the lowest and considered ideal for use, at all exposure times, showed a significant antiproliferative effect on the cell cycle of this test system and presented a high number of cells in prophase. Our results evidenced the cytotoxicity of rosemary extracts, under the studied conditions.(AU)

Neste estudo investigou-se a ação citotóxica do extrato aquoso de Rosmarinus officinalis L. (alecrim) sobre o ciclo celular de Allium cepa. Para isso obteve-se extratos aquosos brutos de folhas secas desta planta em quatro concentrações, 0,02; 0,04; 0,06 e 0,08mg/mL, que foram testadas em células meristemáticas de raízes de A. cepa, nos tempos de exposição 24 e 48h. As lâminas foram feitas pela técnica de esmagamento, e analisaram-se células em todo ciclo celular, totalizando 5.000 para cada grupo controle e concentração. A partir dos resultados verificou-se que as quatro concentrações testadas, inclusive a menor e considerada ideal para consumo, em todos os tempos de exposição tiveram ação antiproliferativa significativa sobre o ciclo celular deste sistema teste, e apresentaram um grande número de células em prófase. Dessa forma, o alecrim, nas condições analisadas, mostrou-se citotóxico.(AU)

Cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae) in plant test system.

This study investigated the cytotoxic activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) aqueous extract on the cell cycle of Allium cepa. To this end, crude aqueous leaf extracts at four concentrations, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 mg/mL, were tested on A. cepa meristematic root cells, at exposure times of 24 and 48 h. Slides were prepared by the crushing technique, and cells analyzed throughout the cell cycle, totaling 5,000 for each control group and concentration. The four concentrations tested, including the lowest and considered ideal for use, at all exposure times, showed a significant antiproliferative effect on the cell cycle of this test system and presented a high number of cells in prophase. Our results evidenced the cytotoxicity of rosemary extracts, under the studied conditions.

Structural and stereological analysis of elastic fibers in the glans penis of young men.

The extracellular matrix is an important element in penile function and pathology, although little is known about its components in human glans. This study evaluates the morphological organization and volumetric density of elastic fibers in the glans penis of young men without any evidence of urogenital disease at autopsy or medical history. Penile glans were obtained from five young men who died of causes not related to the urogenital tract, ranging in age from 18 to 30 years (mean 24 years). Samples were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, and histologically processed. Tissue was analyzed by light microscopy using Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin, after previous oxidation with oxone. The point-counting method was used for morphometrical evaluation. Quantities were expressed as volumetric densities (Vv) and were determined on 25 random fields for each individual. Elastic system fibers were easily identified. These fibers had tortuous profile and surrounded sinusoids in the glans penis. An irregular elastic fibers network was identified in the mucosa, while in the corpus spongiosum the elastic fibers were longitudinally distributed. Volumetric density of elastic fibers in the glans penis is 29.4% ± 3.1. These data could provide valuable information in order to draw parallels regarding patients with erectile dysfunction. Further studies regarding extracellular matrix of the penis are necessary to better elucidate the relation between elastic fibers and erectile dysfunction.

Progesterone (PR), oestrogen (ER-α and ER-ß) and oxytocin (OTR) gene expression in the oviduct and uterus of pregnant and non-pregnant bitches.

The aim was to assess hormone receptor gene expression in the oviduct and uterus during canine pregnancy. Nineteen pregnant bitches divided into four groups were ovariohysterectomized (OVH) at either day 8, 12, 21 or 60 of pregnancy, and five non-pregnant females underwent OVH 12 days after the pre-ovulatory Luteinizant Hormone (LH) surge and served as controls. RT-qPCR for progesterone (PR), oestrogen (ER-α and ER-ß) and oxytocin (OTR) receptors was performed on the oviduct and uterine tissue. The mRNA PR expression in the uterus during early stages of pregnancy and the luteal phase was higher than at other times. The mRNA ER-ß expression in the oviduct during early pregnancy was less than in non-pregnant bitches. In the uterus, the mRNA ER-ß expression was higher in the initial stages of pregnancy. The ER-α expression was higher in the oviduct and uterus in advanced stages of pregnancy. The mRNA OTR expression in the oviduct was lower than in the uterus in control group. The expression of this receptor in oviduct and the uterus was higher in the final stages of pregnancy, when compared with other phases. These data suggested that the serum progesterone concentrations probably exert a direct control on the PR and ER (α and ß) expression and indirectly on OTR expression in the bitch oviduct and uterus.