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1.
Cir Cir ; 89(6): 718-727, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34851577

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Facial paralysis is a frequent disabling entity that causes a negative impact on the cosmetic, functional, social, psychological and economic aspects of the patient. Surgical treatment aims to restore the patient to her previous life with the fewest possible sequelae. OBJECTIVE: Describe the experience of surgical management and propose a treatment algorithm. METHOD: A retrospective study was carried out from 2017 to 2019 of the records of patients with facial nerve involvement. The variables were age, sex, etiology, affected side and procedures performed. RESULTS: 108 patients were obtained. The most frequent cause was development facial paralysis (41,8%), followed by resection of intracranial tumors (29%). A total of 225 procedures were performed, average per patient of 2.7. The most performed dynamic procedure was the gracilis-free flap (59%). The most frequent static procedures were the placement of a gold weight (24%) and the recreation of the nasogenian sulcus (13%). CONCLUSIONS: The surgical treatment algorithm will depend on the evolution time, etiology, donor nerves and state of the facial musculature. The gracilis-free flap continues to be the gold standard procedure in facial paralysis reconstruction. Static procedures are additionally required to achieve a satisfactory aesthetic and functional result.


ANTECEDENTES: La parálisis facial es una afección incapacitante que con frecuencia causa un impacto negativo en los aspectos cosméticos, funcionales, sociales, psicológicos y económicos. El tratamiento quirúrgico tiene como objetivo mejorar la calidad de vida dejando la menor cantidad posible de secuelas. OBJETIVO: Describir la experiencia del manejo quirúrgico y proponer un algoritmo de tratamiento. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, de 2017 a 2019, de los expedientes de pacientes con afección del nervio facial. Las variables consideradas fueron la edad, el sexo, la etiología, el lado afectado y los procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 108 pacientes y la causa más frecuente fue la parálisis facial del desarrollo sindrómica (42%), seguida de la resección de tumores intracraneales (29%). Se realizaron 225 procedimientos, con un promedio de 2.7 por paciente. El procedimiento dinámico más realizado fue el colgajo libre de gracilis (59%). Los procedimientos estáticos más frecuentes fueron la colocación de una pesa de oro (24%) y la recreación del surco nasogeniano (13%). CONCLUSIONES: La secuencia del tratamiento quirúrgico dependerá del tiempo de evolución, la etiología, los nervios disponibles y el estado de la musculatura facial. El colgajo libre de gracilis continúa siendo el procedimiento de elección en la reconstrucción de la parálisis facial. Adicionalmente se requieren procedimientos estáticos para lograr un resultado estético y funcional satisfactorio.


Subject(s)
Facial Paralysis , Free Tissue Flaps , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Facial Paralysis/etiology , Facial Paralysis/surgery , Female , Humans , Mexico , Retrospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers
2.
Cir Cir ; 89(S2): 90-93, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34932546

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Rapunzel syndrome is the formation of a trichobezoar that extends beyond the small intestine. Since its discovery few cases have been reported in the literature with variable clinical characteristics, causing important complications such as intestinal obstruction. Laparotomy is currently considered the treatment of choice. CASE REPORT: We present the clinical case of a patient who presented with recurrent peritonitis associated with a peritoneal dialysis catheter, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, without channeling or presenting evacuations, epigastric tumor, anxiety, trichotillomania and trichophagia. Rapunzel syndrome is diagnosed and admission to the operating room is decided.


ANTECEDENTES: El síndrome de Rapunzel es la formación de un tricobezoar que se extiende más allá del intestino delgado. Desde su descubrimiento, pocos casos se han reportado en la literatura y con características clínicas variables, provocando complicaciones importantes como obstrucción intestinal. Actualmente, la laparotomía se considera el tratamiento de elección. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de sexo femenino que acude por presentar peritonitis de repetición asociada a catéter de diálisis peritoneal, anorexia, náuseas, vómito, sin canalizar ni presentar evacuaciones, tumoración en epigastrio, ansiedad, tricotilomanía y tricofagia. Se realiza el diagnóstico de síndrome de Rapunzel y se decide su ingreso a quirófano.


Subject(s)
Bezoars , Intestinal Obstruction , Trichotillomania , Bezoars/complications , Bezoars/diagnostic imaging , Bezoars/surgery , Humans , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Intestinal Obstruction/surgery , Intestine, Small , Stomach , Trichotillomania/complications
3.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol ; 138: 110316, 2020 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32829202

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Moebius syndrome (MS) is characterized by congenital bilateral paralysis of the facial and abducens nerves. Clinical features include feeding problems, dysarthria, dysphagia, sialorrhea, strabismus, and lack of facial expression. Patients with MS frequently present with dysphagia during infancy. Further on during childhood a severe speech disorder is a common feature. However, articulation deficits in patients with MS are scarcely reported in the related scientific literature. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe speech deviations, intelligibility and sialorrhea in patients with MS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-seven patients with MS were prospectively studied. Age ranged from 4 to 18 years. A complete Speech and Language Pathology (SLP) evaluation was performed in all cases. The evaluation focused on articulation placement, sialorrhea and intelligibility of speech. RESULTS: Sialorrhea was detected in 23% of the patients. Abnormal articulation placement of bilabial phonemes was observed in 68% of the patients. Another 50% of the patients presented with articulation placement errors in other phonemes. Intelligibility was classified as adequate in 18% of the cases. Mildly affected intelligibility was found in 51% of the patients. Speech was considered moderately unintelligible in 20% of the cases. Unintelligible speech was found in 11% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: From the results of this prospective study it can be concluded that a high percentage of patients with MS are at high risk of presenting with moderate to severe speech disorders. Thus, an early SLP intervention should be provided for this population in order to enhance speech development and reducing the risk of severe oral communication impairments.


Subject(s)
Mobius Syndrome , Speech Disorders/diagnosis , Adolescent , Articulation Disorders , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Mobius Syndrome/complications , Mobius Syndrome/diagnosis , Mobius Syndrome/therapy , Prospective Studies , Speech , Speech Disorders/etiology , Speech Disorders/therapy , Speech Intelligibility
4.
Rev. argent. cir. plást ; 26(1): 41-44, ene-mar 2020. fig, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1120508

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes. El colgajo Hamstring es una opción válida para la reconstrucción de úlceras isquiáticas. Las úlceras por presión representan un verdadero desafío para el cirujano plástico. Requieren un tratamiento especializado y multidisciplinario por su alta probabilidad de recidiva y las complicaciones en su manejo. Por lo general, ocurren por presión sostenida sobre la tuberosidad isquiática. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente parapléjico desde el nacimiento secundario a mielomeningocele con diagnóstico actual de úlcera isquiática. Se le realizaron durante 3 años múltiples intentos de cierre quirúrgico alternando medidas conservadoras, sin éxito. A la exploración física presenta una úlcera isquiática izquierda de 6x6 cm a la que se le realizó aseo y desbridación quirúrgica más cierre por medio de un colgajo Hamstring modificado. A los 7 días presentó dehiscencia de herida la cual se manejó de manera conservadora y cierre primario diferido a las 4 semanas. A 8 meses de posoperatorio el paciente se encuentra con buena evolución y con resultado estético y funcional aceptable, por otra parte, se encuentra sin recidiva, lo que ha permitido su reinserción laboral y un buen equilibrio físico-psico-emocional. Conclusión. El objetivo de este colgajo es brindar cobertura al área isquiática sin afectar estructuras adyacentes, lo cual requiere de un amplio conocimiento de la anatomía de la región femoral, así como de los colgados tanto locales como regionales que podemos utilizar para la reconstrucción. Actualmente este colgajo es una opción terapéutica efectiva para el tratamiento de úlceras isquiáticas refractarias en centros que cuentan con cirujanos plásticos no especializados en microcirugía.


Background. The Hamstring fl ap is an adequate option for ischial ulcers reconstruction. Pressure ulcers represent a real challenge for the plastic surgeon. They require specialized and multidisciplinary treatment due to their high recurrence probability and complications in their management. Regularly, pressure ulcers occur when sustained pressure is applied on the ischial tuberosity. Case report. We report a case of a 23-year-old paraplegic male with myelomeningocele complaining for an ischial ulcer. Multiple attempts to surgical closure were made during three years along with conservative management, without success. Physical examination revealed a 6x6 cm left ischial ulcer, which was managed with surgical debridement and closure with a modifi ed Hamstring fl ap. After 7 days, the patient presented wound dehiscence, which was managed conservatively and primary delayed closure after 4 weeks. 8 months postoperatively the patient has a good evolution and an acceptable functional and aesthetic result, without recurrence, which has allowed his reintegration into work and a good physical-psycho-emotional balance. Conclusion. The objective of this fl ap is to provide coverage to the ischial area without aff ecting adjacent structures, which requires a broad knowledge of the anatomy of the femoral region, as well as the local and regional fl aps that can be used for reconstruction. Nowadays this fl ap is an eff ective therapeutic option for the treatment of refractary ischial ulcers in plastis suergery centers without microsurgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Sciatica/therapy , Surgical Flaps/surgery , Pressure Ulcer/surgery , Hamstring Muscles/pathology , Health Status Indicators
5.
J Craniofac Surg ; 31(4): e319-e321, 2020 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32028363

ABSTRACT

Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is a fairly common procedure in specialized craniofacial surgery centers. The MDO is a minimally invasive technique that is able to generate new bone in patients with a severe hypoplastic ascending ramus, while also expanding the overlying soft tissues; therefore, it has become the treatment of choice for the surgical correction of mandibular hypoplasias. One of the most common postoperative complications involves misplacement of the distractor and/or corticotomy, which can result in the creation of an erroneous distraction vector. The introduction of 3-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized preoperative planning in several surgical fields; however, cost can hinder its application in developing nations, specially in public institutions. The aim of this work is present our experience using low-cost 3D-printed anatomic models for preoperative planning and surgical simulation in patients requiring MDO.


Subject(s)
Mandibular Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Osteogenesis, Distraction/methods , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Mandibular Diseases/surgery , Models, Anatomic , Printing, Three-Dimensional
6.
Cir Cir ; 87(5): 528-539, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31448798

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dog bite injuries represent an important public health problem, involving all levels of care. They can vary in severity, from superficial wounds (skin and subcutaneous tissue) to devitalization and tissue loss, with the presence of systemic infections, aestethic and functional sequels that require specialized treatment. OBJECTIVE: To describe and share the 7-year experience in the management of dog bite wounds in a plastic and reconstructive surgery referral center in Mexico. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted where all patients with dog bite wounds that came to the plastic and reconstructive emergency department were enrolled from July 2010 to August 2017. The collected patient demographic characteristics included age, age group, and sex. The collected injury variables included anatomical location, wound characteristics, antibiotic therapy and therapeutic management. RESULTS: A total of 416 patients were enrolled, 63% of the dog bites occurred in children under 18 years of age. The majority of the wounds were found in an isolated anatomical region 88.2%. The most frequent location was the face in 61.3%. Of all the cases 74.3% were treated only with primary wound closure, 21.4% also required some reconstructive surgical procedure, 2.9% did not require wound closure, and 1.4% were hospitalized. All patients received prophylactic antibiotics. 2% reported infection after the management with primary wound closure. CONCLUSIONS: The right management of dog bite wounds in all the health care levels improve the patient prognosis. Complex dog bite wounds must be treated immediately by the plastic and reconstructive surgery department in second or third levels of healthcare. Most of the wounds can be managed by primary closure and other reconstructive techniques with confidence.


ANTECEDENTES: Las heridas por mordedura de perro constituyen un problema de salud pública creciente que involucra a todos los niveles de atención. Pueden variar en gravedad, desde heridas superficiales (piel y tejido subcutáneo) hasta desvitalización y pérdida de tejidos, con presencia de infecciones, complicaciones y secuelas estéticas y funcionales que requieren tratamiento especializado. OBJETIVO: Describir la experiencia de 7 años en el manejo de heridas por mordedura de perro y proponer un algoritmo de manejo en un centro de referencia en cirugía plástica y reconstructiva en México. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron todos los registros de pacientes con heridas por mordedura de perro entre julio de 2010 y agosto de 2017. Las variables recabadas fueron edad, sexo, localización anatómica, características de la herida y manejo terapéutico. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un total de 416 pacientes. El 63% de las lesiones ocurrieron en menores de 18 años. La mayoría de las heridas (88.2%) fueron aisladas en una región anatómica. La localización más frecuente fue la cara (61.3%). De todos los casos, el 74.3% se resolvieron solo con cierre primario, el 21.4% requirió además algún proceso reconstructivo, el 2.9% no requirió cierre y el 1.4% de los pacientes fueron hospitalizados. Todos los pacientes recibieron antibióticos profilácticos. El 2% reportaron infección posterior al manejo con cierre primario. CONCLUSIONES: El correcto abordaje de las heridas por mordedura de perro en todos los niveles de atención mejora el pronóstico de los pacientes. Las heridas complejas deben ser manejadas inmediatamente en un centro de segundo o tercer nivel con cirugía plástica y reconstructiva. La mayoría de las heridas por mordedura de perro pueden ser reparadas con cierre primario y otras técnicas reconstructivas con seguridad.


Subject(s)
Bites and Stings/surgery , Dogs , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Wound Closure Techniques , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Algorithms , Animals , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Bites and Stings/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Management , Extremities/injuries , Facial Injuries/epidemiology , Facial Injuries/surgery , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Suture Techniques , Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data , Wound Infection/prevention & control , Young Adult
7.
Rev. argent. cir. plást ; 25(1): 11-15, 20190000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1358033

ABSTRACT

El conocimiento del proceso de cicatrización normal y patológica es fundamental para todas las especialidades médicas y quirúrgicas que tratan heridas agudas y crónicas, ya que del efecto de estos procesos dependerá el resultado final del tratamiento quirúrgico. En cada tejido y órgano dentro del organismo existen diferentes mecanismos que regulan la función y homeostasis celular, como sucede en el proceso de cicatrización, en donde participan y contribuyen una serie de fases y factores mediados por células y señales químicas. Una cicatrización aceptable es aquella que deja una adecuada cicatriz externa, devuelve la normalidad anatómica y funcional del tejido, con lo que se espera llegar a tener un resultado final con éxito; Sin embargo se debe entender que este proceso es complejo, y pueden también existir variantes anormales, determinadas por ciertos factores que intervienen para dar resultado a una cicatriz patológica, para lo cual existen diferentes tipos de tratamientos específicos y coadyuvantes para cada una de ellas. Objetivo: Conocer los conceptos actuales en el abordaje y tratamiento de la cicatrización normal y patológica, ofreciendo al cirujano una guía práctica basada en los fundamentos de las investigaciones científicas actuales. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos recientes acerca de cicatrización publicados entre 2010 a 2018, con alto nivel de evidencia


The knowledge of normal and pathological wound healing process is essential for all the medical and surgical specialties that treat acute and chronic wounds, because the final result will depend on the effect of these processes. In each tissue and organ within the organism there are different mechanisms that regulate cellular function and homeostasis, as in the wound healing process, where a series of phases and factors mediated by cells and chemical signals participate. Acceptable wound healing, although it leaves an external scar, restores the anatomical and functional homeostasis of the tissue,which is expected to have a successful result; However, it must be understood that this is a complex process, and therefore may also exist abnormal variants, determined by certain factors that lead to pathological wound healing, hence different types of treatments and coadjuvants therapies are available. Objective: Comprehend the current concepts in the approach and treatment of normal and pathological wound healing, offering the surgeon a practical guide based on state of the art evidence, Material and Methods: A literature review of recent articles published between 2010 and 2018 was carried out, with a high level of evidence


Subject(s)
Humans , Therapeutics/methods , Wound Healing/physiology , Wounds and Injuries/classification , Wounds and Injuries/etiology , Wounds and Injuries/therapy , Hemostasis
8.
Rev. argent. cir. plást ; 25(1): 21-27, 20190000. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1358040

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los defectos grandes y complejos de piel cabelluda en los pacientes pediátricos representan un reto para el cirujano plástico que se enfrenta a este tipo de lesiones, debido a la dificultad de las técnicas quirúrgicas disponibles en este grupo de edad. El objetivo primario en el manejo de este tipo de heridas es lograr una cobertura adecuada de la bóveda craneana, con el propósito fundamental de prevenir la exposición y desecación ósea y la sepsis. El objetivo secundario será el resultado estético, en el cual se buscará atenuar la alopecia y esconder las cicatrices. Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer el manejo quirúrgico para la reconstrucción de heridas complejas de cuero cabelludo en forma secuencial con buenos resultados estéticos. Material y métodos. Se presenta el caso de masculino de 1 año quien fue víctima de mordedura de perro, presentando herida de espesor total en piel cabelluda en región parietooccipital, con pérdida de cobertura cutánea, reconstrucción primaria con injerto de espesor parcial y en segundo tiempo quirúrgico el uso de expansores tisulares con fines estéticos. Resultados. Posterior a 8 meses con un total de 4 tiempos quirúrgicos (1- lavado quirúrgico, remodelación de bordes, avance de colgajos locales,toma y aplicación de injerto de espesor parcial con fijación por medio de sistema de presión negativa, 2- retiro de sistema de presión negativa, 3- colocación de expansores, 4- retiro de expansores, avance de colgajo occipital y cierre primario) se obtiene un resultado estético favorable. Conclusiones. El manejo de heridas complejas en piel cabelluda en población pediátrica con injertos de espesor parcial ha demostrado eficacia al lograr una cobertura inmediata del defecto con menor morbilidad que otras técnicas, aún más cuando se apoyan de herramientas como el sistema de presión negativa. La reconstrucción posterior con expansores tisulares es aconsejable para lograr la disminución de secuelas.


Introduction. Large and complex scalp defects in pediatric patients represent a challenge for the plastic surgeon who faces this kind of injuries, due to the difficulty of the surgical techniques available in this age group. The primary goal in the management of this kind of wounds is to achieve adequate coverage of the cranial vault, with the main purpose of preventing bone exposure and sepsis. The secondary goal is to reach an aesthetic result, where alopecia can be attenuated, and the scars hidden. Objective. The objective of this work is to present the sequential surgical management for the reconstruction of complex scalp wounds with adequate aesthetic results. Material and methods. We present the case of a 1-year-old child who was bitten by a dog, presenting a full-thickness wound on the scalp in the parieto-occipital region, with skin coverage loss, primary reconstruction with a partial-thickness graft, and in the second surgical procedure, the use of tissue expanders for aesthetic purposes. Results: After 8 months with a total of 4 surgical procedures (1- antisepsis, edges remodeling, local flaps advance, harvesting and application of partial thickness skin graft with negative pressure system, 2- removal of negative pressure system, 3- placement of tissue expanders, 4- removal of tissue expanders, occipital flap advance and primary closure) a favorable aesthetic result is obtained. Conclusions. The management of scalp complex wounds in the pediatric population with partial thickness skin grafts has demonstrated efficacy by achieving immediate coverage of the defect with lower morbidity than other techniques, even more when using tools such as the negative pressure system, subsequent reconstruction with tissue expanders is an option in order to achieve sequelae reduction


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Scalp/injuries , Transplantation/methods , Wounds and Injuries/therapy , Bites and Stings/therapy , Tissue Expansion Devices , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy/methods
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