COVID-19 threatens the progress of humanised childbirth: a qualitative study of giving birth during the pandemic in Brazil.

The stressful nature of the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted the quality of maternity care. The purpose of this study was to understand and explore the labour and delivery experiences for women who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Brazil during this time. Between July and October 2020, we conducted 28 semi-structured interviews with postpartum women who tested positive for COVID-19 prior to delivering at a tertiary hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil. Interview transcripts were coded, and we carried out a thematic analysis using three domains of the World Health Organization's model of intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience as a framework. During labour and delivery, women experienced varying levels of respect, with many women reporting feeling mistreated by their healthcare team because of their COVID-19 diagnosis. Due to COVID-19 hospital protocols that denied companions or visitors, women reported feeling unsupported and isolated, especially during the mandatory quarantine. Women also experienced varying levels of effective communication, with some women citing they felt the staff were often fearful, and either avoidant or disrespectful. A minority of women reported that the staff appeared to be respectful and receptive to their needs. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that the strain of the COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals potentially results in ineffective communication and mistreatment during labour and delivery. Embedding respectful and humanised childbirth principles into emergency maternal healthcare protocols may improve the childbirth experience for women with COVID-19, as well as for women during future public health emergencies.

Análise da assistência sexual e reprodutiva de mulheres lésbicas, sob o olhar da Perspectiva dos Funcionamentos / Analysis of sexual and reproductive assistance for lesbian women, from the Perspective of Functioning

Trata-se de um estudo que possuiu como objeto a assistência sexual e reprodutiva da mulher lésbica, por profissionais médicos e enfermeiras, sob a perspectiva dos funcionamentos. Possuiu como objetivo geral: Analisar os funcionamentos básicos da mulher lésbica que são facilitados ou negados a partir das ações morais profissionais, de enfermeiras e médicos, durante a assistência sexual e reprodutiva. E como objetivos específicos: Discutir a influência das ações morais do profissional sobre suas práticas na assistência sexual e reprodutiva de mulheres lésbicas; Identificar quais as especificidades na assistência sexual e reprodutiva de mulheres lésbicas; Descrever os funcionamentos que são facilitados e negados durante a assistência sexual e reprodutiva de mulheres lésbicas. A presente pesquisa teve caráter exploratório-descritivo e natureza qualitativa. Os participantes da pesquisa foram 17 profissionais de saúde, 13 enfermeiras e 4 médicos, que realizam o atendimento de saúde sexual e reprodutiva, na cidade de Petrópolis. Para ter acesso aos participantes foram escolhidas, pelo menos, 1 ESF de cada distrito para conseguir abranger todo território municipal. A escolha foi feita através de sorteio aleatório e a partir da aceitação dos profissionais que atuavam naquela unidade. A escolha das unidades foi realizada de forma randomizada, respeitando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Após submissão e aprovação dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa do IMS-UERJ e FMP/UNIFASE foi iniciada a coleta dos dados. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada e os depoimentos foram analisados através da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Após análise de dados, estabeleceu-se 4 categorias que são desenvolvidas de acordo com os capítulos: O acompanhamento de mulheres lésbicas durante a assistência sexual e reprodutivo e seus funcionamentos básicos; O acolhimento da mulher lésbica na assistência sexual e reprodutiva; As singularidades da mulher lésbica reconhecidas ou não pelos profissionais durante a assistência sexual e reprodutiva; A (in)capacitação profissional e violências contra as mulheres lésbicas. Com este estudo constatou-se que para a realização dos funcionamentos básicos está associado ao relacionamento estabelecido entre profissional de saúde e mulher lésbica, da abertura que este profissional dá para a mulher se sentir segura e confortável para expor a sua sexualidade e dúvidas, que se acabam por ficar atrelados a moralidade dos mesmos. Outro aspecto relevante é o interesse do profissional em buscar sua atualização, capacitação e qualificação nas singularidades da assistência à mulher lésbica. Neste sentido, os entrevistados, em sua maioria, descumprem com os funcionamentos básicos para uma assistência sexual e reprodutiva de mulheres lésbicas qualificadas. (AU)

This is a study that had as its object the sexual and reproductive care for lesbian women, by medical professionals and nurses, from the perspective of functioning. Its general objective was: To analyze the basic functions of lesbian women that are facilitated or denied based on professional moral actions, of nurses and doctors, during sexual and reproductive assistance. And as specific objectives: Discuss the influence of the professional's moral actions on their practices in sexual and reproductive assistance to lesbian women; Identify the specificities in sexual and reproductive assistance for lesbian women; To describe the functioning that are facilitated and denied during sexual and reproductive assistance to lesbian women. This research was exploratory-descriptive and qualitative in nature. The research participants were 17 health professionals, 13 nurses and 4 doctors, who provide sexual and reproductive health care in the city of Petropolis. To gain access to the participants, at least 1 ESF from each district was chosen to be able to cover the entire municipal territory. The choice was made through a random raffle and based on the acceptance of the professionals who worked in that unit. The choice of units was carried out at random, respecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After submission and approval by the Research Ethics Committees of IMS-UERJ and FMP/UNIFASE, data collection began. The data collection instrument was the semi-structured interview and the testimonies were analyzed through the content analysis proposed by Bardin. After data analysis, 4 categories were established, which are developed according to the chapters: Accompanying lesbian women during sexual and reproductive assistance and its basic functions; The reception of lesbian women in sexual and reproductive assistance; The singularities of lesbian women recognized or not by professionals during sexual and reproductive assistance; Professional disability and violence against lesbian women. With this study, it was found that for carrying out the basic functions, it is associated with the relationship established between the health professional and the lesbian woman, the openness that this professional gives to the woman to feel safe and comfortable to expose her sexuality and doubts, which are end up being linked to their morality. Another relevant aspect is the professional's interest in seeking updating, training and qualification in the singularities of assistance to lesbian women. In this sense, most of the interviewees fail to comply with the basic functions for qualified sexual and reproductive assistance to lesbian women. (AU)

Diabetic foot infection caused by bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex: report of an unusual case and a scoping literature review.

Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is group of widespread gram-negative bacillus organized in over 20 phylogenetically distinct bacterial species. According to previous studies, BCC species pathogens are widely reported in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but not in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this case report, a 42-year-old male patient with DM and a foot infection caused by BCC is presented. The patient was hospitalized after antibiotic treatment failure and improved after two surgical debridement procedures and a high-dose extended infusion (EI) of meropenem. The team of vascular surgeons and the infectious disease specialists worked fervently to solve the case. Finally, a scoping review was conducted to map BCC infections in patients with DM.

Diabetic foot infection caused by bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex: report of an unusual case and a scoping literature review

ABSTRACT Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is group of widespread gram-negative bacillus organized in over 20 phylogenetically distinct bacterial species. According to previous studies, BCC species pathogens are widely reported in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but not in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this case report, a 42-year-old male patient with DM and a foot infection caused by BCC is presented. The patient was hospitalized after antibiotic treatment failure and improved after two surgical debridement procedures and a high-dose extended infusion (EI) of meropenem. The team of vascular surgeons and the infectious disease specialists worked fervently to solve the case. Finally, a scoping review was conducted to map BCC infections in patients with DM.

Efficacy and residual effect of Illicium verum (star anise) and Pelargonium graveolens (rose geranium) essential oil on cat fleas Ctenocephalides felis felis.

The essential oils (EOs) of Illicium verum and Pelargonium graveolens were evaluated for lethality, inhibition of development and residual efficacy against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. Their chemical composition was characterized by means of gas chromatography with a flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection. Mortality at different immature stages and among adult fleas was measured through in vitro filter paper tests at different concentrations of EOs. The chemical characterization of I. verum volatile oil showed that E-anethole (79.96%) was the major constituent, while the major compounds in P. graveolens were citronellol (29.67%) and geraniol (14.85%). Insecticidal activity against both immature and adult flea stages were observed. The EO of I. verum had insecticidal activity for approximately 18 days, while the EO activity of P. graveolens lasted for 13 days. The pulicidal activity of I. verum remained above 70% for up to 9 days, while the activity of P. graveolens was 41.7% for up to 2 days. Essential oils, especially that of I. verum, showed insecticidal activity for flea control at different life cycle stages and have potential for the development of ectoparasiticides (biopesticides) for veterinary use.

Furuncular myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis in five cats and efficacy of topical fluralaner for its treatment.

BACKGROUND: Dermatobia hominis (D. hominis) is a botfly that causes furuncular myiasis in several species of domestic and wild animals. However, reports of feline infestation by larvae of this dipteran are rare. OBJECTIVE: To report the natural occurrence of furuncular myiasis caused by D. hominis in five cats and the efficacy of topical fluralaner for its treatment. ANIMALS: Five adult mixed-breed cats (four males, one female) were diagnosed and treated, all living in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RESULTS: The cats were treated with topical fluralaner. After this treatment, the larvae were dead after 24 h in three cats and after 48 h in two. There was spontaneous expulsion of larvae in two cats, and it was necessary to perform manual expression for removal of dead larvae in the other three cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Dermatobia hominis can cause furuncular myiasis in cats, although this appears to be less common than in other animal species. Topical fluralaner proved to be effective in the treatment of this parasitic disease.

Efficacy of Oral Sarolaner for the Treatment of Feline Otodectic Mange.

Otodectes cynotis is a mite with a cosmopolitan distribution that is the primary agent for the development of otitis externa in feline species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the oral administration of sarolaner for the treatment of feline otodectic mange. We used 20 adult cats of both sexes that were naturally infested with O. cynotis. The mite infestation scoring was performed by video-otoscopy before treatment. The cats were randomized according to the infestation score and divided into two groups (treated and control). The treated group underwent oral administration of sarolaner in a single dose of 2-4 mg/kg. The evaluations were performed by video-otoscopy to evaluate the reduction of infestation score 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 h and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after medication. At the end of the study, the cats were sedated to enable the recovery of live and dead mites to determine efficacy. No adverse effects or laboratory changes were observed in these cats. Sarolaner showed 100% efficacy 48 h after treatment. Based on the results, a single oral dose of sarolaner was effective in controlling otodectic mange in naturally infested cats.

How much does the platelet aggregate influence the total leukocyte count? Comparison between manual and automated impedance methods in domestic cats

Background: Automated hematology analyzers have been developed to optimize the time between analyses and havepromising precision and accuracy. Complete blood count (CBC) is often requested as part of veterinary clinical examination. Automated analyzers are often used to determine CBCs, since processing as well as container-related errors mayoccur owing to variable sizes, aggregates, white or red blood cell fragments, and effects of EDTA on cell morphology.Platelet aggregates frequently occur in felines, with studies reporting a prevalence of approximately 71%. The aim of thepresent study was to evaluate the influence of exercise aggregates on the global white blood cell count of domestic catsusing automated hematological counters with the impedance method.Materials, Methods & Results: Blood samples of 140 cats, irrespective of age, sex, and breed, were collected into EDTAcontaining tubes. The samples were obtained via routine clinical examinations at the Veterinary Hospital of the FederalRural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) and processed at the Veterinary Parasitology Experimental ChemotherapyLaboratory (LQEPV), belonging to the same institution. All the samples were processed on the Sysmex pocH-100iVDiff automated hematology apparatus according to the manufacturers recommendations. Leukocyte counts were alsomanually determined using a duplicate Neubauer chamber. Standard dilutions were prepared immediately after theautomated analysis. To identify the occurrence of platelet aggregates, a blood smear was made and visualized undera brightfield microscope at a magnification of 10× and scored 0 to 3 (G1, G2, G3, and G4) based on the aggregationintensity. In case of changes, the groups were subdivided according to the intensity of occurrence. Of the 140 samples...(AU)

Efficacy and residual effect of Illicium verum (star anise) and Pelargonium graveolens (rose geranium) essential oil on cat fleas Ctenocephalides felis felis / Eficácia e efeito residual dos óleos essenciais de Illicium verum (anis-estrelado) e Pelargonium graveolens (gerânio rosa) em pulgas de gato Ctenocephalides felis felis

Abstract The essential oils (EOs) of Illicium verum and Pelargonium graveolens were evaluated for lethality, inhibition of development and residual efficacy against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. Their chemical composition was characterized by means of gas chromatography with a flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection. Mortality at different immature stages and among adult fleas was measured through in vitro filter paper tests at different concentrations of EOs. The chemical characterization of I. verum volatile oil showed that E-anethole (79.96%) was the major constituent, while the major compounds in P. graveolens were citronellol (29.67%) and geraniol (14.85%). Insecticidal activity against both immature and adult flea stages were observed. The EO of I. verum had insecticidal activity for approximately 18 days, while the EO activity of P. graveolens lasted for 13 days. The pulicidal activity of I. verum remained above 70% for up to 9 days, while the activity of P. graveolens was 41.7% for up to 2 days. Essential oils, especially that of I. verum, showed insecticidal activity for flea control at different life cycle stages and have potential for the development of ectoparasiticides (biopesticides) for veterinary use.

Resumo Os óleos essenciais (OE) de Illicium verum e Pelargonium graveolens foram avaliados quanto à letalidade, inibição do desenvolvimento e eficácia residual contra a pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis. Sua composição química foi caracterizada por meio de cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chama e espectrometria de massas. A mortalidade entre os diferentes estágios imaturos e pulgas adultas foi avaliada por meio de testes in vitro em papel filtro, contendo diferentes concentrações de OEs. A caracterização química do óleo volátil de I. verum mostrou que o E-anetol (79,96%) foi o constituinte majoritário, enquanto os principais compostos de P. graveolens foram citronelol (29,67%) e geraniol (14,85%). Foi observada atividade inseticida contra os estágios imaturos e adulto da pulga. O OE de I. verum teve atividade inseticida por aproximadamente 18 dias, enquanto o de P. graveolens durou 13 dias. A atividade pulicida de I. verum permaneceu acima de 70% até o 9º dia, enquanto a atividade de P. graveolens foi de 41,7% até o 2º dia. Os óleos essenciais, principalmente de I. verum, apresentam atividade inseticida para o controle de pulgas em diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida e têm potencial para o desenvolvimento de ectoparasiticidas (biopesticidas) de uso veterinário.

How much does the platelet aggregate influence the total leukocyte count? Comparison between manual and automated impedance methods in domestic cats

Background: Automated hematology analyzers have been developed to optimize the time between analyses and havepromising precision and accuracy. Complete blood count (CBC) is often requested as part of veterinary clinical examination. Automated analyzers are often used to determine CBCs, since processing as well as container-related errors mayoccur owing to variable sizes, aggregates, white or red blood cell fragments, and effects of EDTA on cell morphology.Platelet aggregates frequently occur in felines, with studies reporting a prevalence of approximately 71%. The aim of thepresent study was to evaluate the influence of exercise aggregates on the global white blood cell count of domestic catsusing automated hematological counters with the impedance method.Materials, Methods & Results: Blood samples of 140 cats, irrespective of age, sex, and breed, were collected into EDTAcontaining tubes. The samples were obtained via routine clinical examinations at the Veterinary Hospital of the FederalRural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) and processed at the Veterinary Parasitology Experimental ChemotherapyLaboratory (LQEPV), belonging to the same institution. All the samples were processed on the Sysmex pocH-100iVDiff automated hematology apparatus according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Leukocyte counts were alsomanually determined using a duplicate Neubauer chamber. Standard dilutions were prepared immediately after theautomated analysis. To identify the occurrence of platelet aggregates, a blood smear was made and visualized undera brightfield microscope at a magnification of 10× and scored 0 to 3 (G1, G2, G3, and G4) based on the aggregationintensity. In case of changes, the groups were subdivided according to the intensity of occurrence. Of the 140 samples...

Efficacy of oral sarolaner against Lynxacarus radovskyi in naturally infested cats.

BACKGROUND: Lynxacarus radovskyi is a fur mite of cats. Several classes of ectoparasiticides have shown success for treatment, including an isoxazoline. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of a single oral dose of sarolaner for the treatment of L. radovskyi mites in naturally infested cats. ANIMALS: Fourteen adult cats (six males and eight females), naturally infested with L. radovskyi. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Animals were randomized according to sex and average pretreatment mite count. The cats were assigned to two groups of seven cats each. The treated group received one 10 mg sarolaner tablet, corresponding to a dose of 2-4 mg/kg body weight, and the control group received no treatment. From each cat, three trichograms consisting of approximately 50 hairs each were collected from the dorsal neck, lateral thigh and perineum/tail region (total of nine samples per cat). The severity of infestation was scored on a scale of 0 (no parasites) to 4 (>50 mites) at baseline and days 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 post-treatment. Efficacy was compared between the treatment and control groups using the arithmetic mean reduction of the mite score; results were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newtman-Keuls test, with significance set at P < 5%. RESULTS: The efficacy of oral sarolaner was >95% at Day 30 post-treatment. Statistical differences were first observed between the means of the control and treated groups 15 days post-treatment. CONCLUSION: A single oral dose of sarolaner effectively eliminated L. radovskyi in most cats.

Orientação profissional quanto ao aleitamento materno: o olhar das puérperas em uma maternidade de alto risco no estado de Sergipe / Professional orientation on breastfeeding: the looking of puerperas in a maternity of high risk in the state of Sergipe

Objetivo: Analisar as ações de promoção, proteção e apoio à prática da amamentação realizada pelos profissionais de saúde, no olhar das puérperas. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e observacional, realizado em uma maternidade de alto risco no município de Aracaju, SE. Resultados: 96% das puérperas realizaram o pré-natal completo e 56,78% não receberam nenhum tipo de orientação. Dentre as orientações recebidas, a mais citada refere-se ao tempo recomendado para a amamentação (12,29%), seguida da importância da amamentação (9,75%). Conclusão: Mesmo com a adesão da maioria das puérperas à realização do pré-natal completo, há ainda uma necessidade de maiores informações, orientações e apoio dos profissionais quanto ao aleitamento materno.

Objective: To analyze the actions of promotion, protection and support to the practice of breastfeeding performed by health professionals, in the eyes of puerperal women. Methods: Descriptive and observational study, carried out in a high risk maternity hospital in the city of Aracaju, State of. Results: 96% of the women who completed the full prenatal care and 56.78% received no guidance. Among the received guidelines, the most cited refers to the recommended time for breastfeeding (12.29%), followed by the importance of breastfeeding (9.75%). Conclusion: Even though the majority of postpartum women are adherent to complete prenatal care, there is still a need for more information, guidance and support from professionals regarding breastfeeding.

Objetivo: Para analizar las acciones de promoción, protección y apoyo a la práctica de los amamantamiento realizados por la salud, en los ojos de las mujeres puerperales. Métodos: Descriptive and observational study, llevado a cabo en un alto riesgo de maternidad hospital en la ciudad de Aracaju, State of. Resultados: 96% de las mujeres que completó el completo prenatal care y el 56.78% recibido en la guía. En las primeras pautas, el más citado se refería al recomendado para el amamantamiento (12.29%), seguido por la estima del amamantamiento (9.75%). Conclusión: Sin embargo, la mayoría de las mujeres postpartum de las mujeres son adherentes a completar el prenatal care, todavía no es necesario obtener más información, orientación y apoyo de los profesionales que se comprometen a amamantar.

"Na essência somos iguais, na diferença nos respeitamos": Estágio em Psicologia Escolar / "In essence we are equal, in the difference we respect each other": internship in School Psychology / "En la esencia somos iguales, en la diferencia nos respetamos": Pasantía en Psicología Escolar

Este artigo relata uma experiência de estágio em Psicologia Escolar, envolvendo alunos de Educação Infantil em uma escola da rede privada de ensino da cidade de Teresina, Piauí. A partir das observações participantes e escuta ativa dos atores envolvidos no processo ensino-aprendizagem, percebeu-se a necessidade de trabalhar - em uma perspectiva de promoção de saúde e orientação - a temática da educação inclusiva e diferenças individuais. Para tanto, foram realizadas quatro atividades de caráter lúdico, juntamente a roda de conversa, preconizando pela linguagem adequada à idade destas. Ao final foi possível perceber uma produção de sentidos e troca de experiências a partir das potencialidades e conhecimentos trazidos pelos alunos.

This article reports an internship experience in School Psychology, involving students of Early Childhood Education in a private school in the city of Teresina, Piauí. From the participant observations and active listening to the actors involved in the teaching-learning process, It was noticed that the need to work - from a perspective of health promotion and orientation - the theme of inclusive education and individual. In order to do so, four activities of playful character have carried out, together with the talk wheel, advocating for language appropriate to their age. At the end it was possible to perceive a production of meanings and exchange of experiences from the potentialities and knowledge brought by the students.

En este artículose relata una experiencia de pasantía en Psicología Escolar, abarcando alumnos de Enseñanza Infantil en una escuela de la red privada de enseñanza dela ciudad de Teresina, Piauí. A partir de las observaciones participantes y escucha activa de los actores involucrados en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, se percibióla necesidad de trabajar - en una perspectiva de promoción de salud y orientación - la temática de la educación inclusiva y diferencias individuales. Para tanto, se realizaron cuatro actividades de carácter lúdico, juntamente la rueda de charla, preconizando por el lenguaje adecuado a la edad de estas. Al final fue posible percibir una producción de sentidos y cambio de experiencias a partir de las potencialidades y conocimientos traídos por los alumnos.

Características da constipação funcional em crianças de zero a doze anos atendidas em um ambulatório de gastroenterologia pediátrica / Characteristics of functional constipation in children from zero to twelve years old attended in a pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic / Características del estreñimiento funcional en niños de cero a doce años atendidos en ambulatorio de gastroenterología pediátrica

Justificativa e Objetivos: A caracterização da constipação orienta uma abordagem preventiva. O estudo tem por objetivo conhecer as características da constipação nas crianças atendidas em ambulatório especializado. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo, com aplicação de questionário durante o primeiro atendimento ambulatorial de gastroenterologia pediátrica, entre agosto de 2014 a outubro de 2015. Na seleção dos pacientes utilizou-se os critérios de ROMA IV e relato de hematoquezia e disquezia. Realizou-se um perfil clínico-epidemiológico das crianças, prevalência dos principais sintomas, comorbidades e tratamentos prévios. Na história alimentar incluiu-se questões sobre satisfação dos pais/responsáveis quanto a ingestão de alimentos e líquidos pela criança. A análise e o processamento dos dados foram realizados com o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 22.0. Resultados: Queixas de constipação ocorreram em 29% dos novos pacientes. Média de 4,3 anos com início dos sintomas, majoritariamente no primeiro ano de vida (71,0%). A principal comorbidade foi alergia alimentar e 77,6% já realizavam tratamento. Amamentação exclusiva não ocorreu em 19,4%. A média da idade de introdução da fórmula foi 4,89 meses. A introdução de leite de vaca na dieta foi em média aos 9 meses. A ingestão de frutas e legumes, considerada satisfatória em 25,8% e de água em 57%. Conclusão: O estudo mostrou que crianças com constipação intestinal de um ambulatório especializado apresentam elevada prevalência de início já no primeiro ano de vida. O estímulo ao aleitamento materno e adequada orientação alimentar no desmame ainda é considerada a melhor forma de prevenção.(AU)

Background and Objectives: The characterization of constipation leads a preventive approach. The study has as its objective to know the characteristics of constipation in children attended in a specialized outpatient clinic. Methods: It is a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study, with questionnaire application during the first outpatient care of pediatric gastroenterology, between August 2014 and October 2015. In the selection of patients, the criteria of ROMA IV and the report of hematochezia and dyschezia were used. A clinical-epidemiological profile of the children, prevalence of the main symptoms, comorbidities and previous treatments was carried out. In the food history, it was included questions about parent / caregiver satisfaction regarding the child's intake of food and fluids. Data analysis and processing were performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 22.0. Results: Constipation complaints occurred in 29% of the new patients. Mean of 4.3 years with onset of symptoms, mostly in the first year of life (71.0%). The main comorbidity was food allergy and 77.6% were already undergoing treatment. Exclusive breastfeeding did not occur in 19.4%. The mean age of introduction of the formula was 4.89 months. The introduction of cow's milk in the diet was on average at 9 months. The intake of fruits and vegetables, considered satisfactory in 25.8% and of water in 57%. Conclusion: The study showed that children with intestinal constipation from a specialized outpatient clinic have a high prevalence of onset in the first year of life. Encouraging breastfeeding and proper feeding guidelines at weaning are still considered the best form of prevention.(AU)

Justificación y objetivos: La caracterización de la constipación orienta un enfoque preventivo. El estudio tiene por objetivo conocer las características de la constipación en los niños atendidos en ambulatorio especializado. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, cuantitativo y descriptivo, con aplicación de cuestionario durante la primera atención ambulatoria de gastroenterología pediátrica, entre agosto de 2014 a octubre de 2015. En la selección de los pacientes se utilizaron los criterios de ROMA IV y relato de hematomasia y disquezia. Se realizó un perfil clínico-epidemiológico de los niños, prevalencia de los principales síntomas, comorbilidades y tratamientos previos. En la historia alimentaria se incluyeron cuestiones sobre satisfacción de los padres / responsables en cuanto a la ingesta de alimentos y líquidos por el niño. El análisis y el procesamiento de los datos se realizaron con el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versión 22.0. Resultados: Las quejas de constipación ocurrieron en el 29% de los nuevos pacientes. Media de 4,3 años con inicio de los síntomas, mayoritariamente en el primer año de vida (71,0%). La principal comorbilidad fue alergia alimentaria y el 77,6% ya realizaba tratamiento. La lactancia exclusiva no ocurrió en el 19,4%. La media de la edad de introducción de la fórmula fue de 4,89 meses. La introducción de leche de vaca en la dieta fue en promedio a los 9 meses. La ingestión de frutas y verduras, considerada satisfactoria en un 25,8% y de agua en un 57%. Conclusión: El estudio mostró que los niños con constipación intestinal de un ambulatorio especializado presentan una elevada prevalencia de inicio ya en el primer año de vida. El estímulo a la lactancia materna y adecuada orientación alimentaria en el destete todavía se considera la mejor forma de prevención.(AU)

A ausência masculina na atenção primária à saúde: uma análise da Teoria da Ação Planejada / The men's absence in primary health care: an analysis of the Theory of Planned Action / Ausencia de los hombres en atención primaria de salud: un análisis de la Theory of Planned Action

Este estudo apresenta, a partir da Teoria da Ação Planejada, uma análise sobre a ausência masculina na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Objetivou-se identificar as crenças positivas e negativas e definir as crenças modais salientes relativas ao comportamento de "procurar a Unidade Básica de Saúde" de homens de um distrito sanitário de Maceió (AL). Participaram do estudo 25 homens, entre 25 e 59 anos, cadastrados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) de um distrito sanitário de Maceió. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada e adotou-se análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os homens apresentaram crenças comportamentais que tanto favorecem como dificultam o comportamento. As crenças normativas demonstraram maior influência das mulheres para a adoção do comportamento. As crenças de controle foram representadas pelos participantes como negativas, mesmo que algumas delas tenham facilitado a realização do comportamento. Isto comprova que a procura masculina à UBS está relacionada às crenças que envolvem o seu universo cognitivo.

This study presents, from the Theory of Planned Action, an analysis of male absence in Primary Health Care. The objective was to identify positive and negative beliefs and to define the salient modal beliefs related to the behavior of "seeking the Basic Health Unit "Of men from a sanitary district of Maceió (AL). A total of 25 men, aged 25-59 years, enrolled in one Basic Health Unit (BHU) of a health district of Maceió participated in the study. A semi-structured interview was used and Bardin content analysis was adopted. Men presented behavioral beliefs that both favor and hinder behavior. Normative beliefs have shown greater influence of women for behavioral adoption. The control beliefs were represented by the participants as negative, even though some of them facilitated the performance of the behavior. This proves that male demand for BHU is related to the beliefs that surround their cognitive universe.

Este estudio presenta, a partir de la Teoría de Acción Planificada, un análisis de la ausencia masculina en Atención Primaria de Salud. El objetivo fue identificar las creencias positivas y negativas y definir las creencias modales sobresalientes relacionadas con el comportamiento de "buscar la Unidad Básica de Salud" de hombres de un distrito sanitario de Maceió (AL). Un total de 25 hombres, de 25 a 59 años, matriculados en una Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS) de un distrito de salud de Maceió participaron en el estudio. Se utilizó entrevista semiestructurada y se adoptó el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Los hombres presentaban creencias conductuales que favorecían y obstaculizaban el comportamiento. Las creencias normativas han demostrado una mayor influencia de las mujeres en la adopción del comportamiento. Las creencias de control fueron representadas por los participantes como negativas, aunque algunas de ellas facilitaron el desempeño del comportamiento.

Saúde masculina: o paralelo prevenção x cuidado à luz da Teoria da Ação Planejada (TAP) / Male health: prevention versus care in the light of Planned Activity Theory

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a intenção de homens, entre 25 e 59 anos, em um distrito sanitário de Maceió (AL), por procurar a Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS). Realizaram-se duas etapas: (1) análise das crenças de uma parcela da amostra, para a confecção de um instrumento quantitativo (N=25); (2) aplicação desse instrumento em uma amostra maior dessa população (N=106). Os resultados demonstraram que a intenção dos homens em procurar a UBS está associada aos atributos que facilitam e/ou dificultam a realização desse comportamento. Concluiu-se que apenas o construto Percepção de Controle se relacionou com a Intenção Comportamental. No entanto, os construtos Norma Subjetiva e Atitude não apresentaram impacto significativo sobre a Intenção dos homens de procurar a UBS. Discutiu-se a importância da elaboração de políticas públicas mais eficientes para o cuidado da saúde masculina, bem como a relevância de evidências empíricas para reflexões mais consistentes nessa área.

Current analysis evaluates why males, aged between 25 and 59 years, apply to a Basic Health Unit (UBS), in a health district unit in Maceió AL Brazil. Two stages were undertaken: (1) analysis of beliefs of a part of the sample for the elaboration of a qualitative instrument (N=25); (2) the application of the instrument to a larger sample of the population (N=106). Results demonstrate that the reason why males go to UBS is associated with attributes that facilitate or make difficult such behavior. Results show that only the construct Control Perception is related to the Behavior Intention. However, the construct Subjective Norm and Attitude did not have any significant impact on male intention for going to UBS. More efficient public policies should be prepared for male health and for the relevance of empirical evidence for more consistent conclusions on the theme.

Perfil dos pacientes com tuberculose que foram atendidos em uma unidade de referência do município de Santa Cruz do Sul - RS no período de 2009 a 2013 / Profile of patients with tuberculosis treated in a Reference of the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul - RS in the period from 2009 to 2013

Introdução: Anualmente, são notificados cerca de seis milhões de novos casos de Tuberculose em todo o mundo. No Brasil, a doença é um problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Analisar os aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos dos pacientes com tuberculose que foram notificados no município de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e transversal, por meio da revisão de prontuários de pacientes atendidos com tuberculose na cidade de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS, durante os anos de 2009 a 2013. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS 22.0. Resultados: No ano de 2013, a taxa de incidência da tuberculose em Santa Cruz do Sul foi de 77,7 casos novos/100.000 habitantes. A amostra foi composta de 288 casos de tuberculose notificados na cidade. A análise revelou que apenas 88 (32,83%) pacientes atendidos eram do sexo feminino. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 41,03 anos. Houve 222 (82,83%) novos casos da doença e apenas 19 casos de recidivas. Os atendimentos a presidiários foram expressivos, totalizando 52 pacientes. O sintoma mais prevalente foi a tosse com expectoração em 195 (67,7%) casos. A forma clínica predominante foi tuberculose pulmonar em todos os anos analisados, totalizando 278 (96,52%) casos. A prevalência da coinfecção tuberculose/HIV variou de 8% a 18,7% dentro dos cinco anos. Conclusões: O município está entre os 15 prioritários no estado do Rio Grande do Sul para o controle da tuberculose, mostrando que os altos índices da doença no município devem alertar para a importância de medidas eficazes no combate da doença. (AU)

Introduction: About six million new cases of Tuberculosis are reported annually worldwide. In Brazil, the disease is a public health problem. Objective: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients with tuberculosis reported in the city of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out through the review of medical records of patients treated with tuberculosis in the city of Santa Cruz do Sul -RS during the years 2009 to 2013. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0. Results: In 2013, the incidence rate of tuberculosis in Santa Cruz do Sul was of 77.7 new cases / 100,000 inhabitants. The sample consisted of 288 cases of tuberculosis reported in the city. The analysis revealed that only 88 (32.83%) patients attended were female. The mean age of the patients was 41.03 years. There were 222 (82.83%) new cases of the disease and only 19 cases of relapses. Outpatient visits were significant, totaling 52 patients. The most prevalent symptom was cough with sputum in 195 (67.7%) cases. The predominant clinical form was pulmonary tuberculosis in all analyzed years, totaling 278 (96.52%) cases. The prevalence of tuberculosis / HIV co-infection ranged from 8% to 18.7% within five years. Conclusions: The municipality is among the 15 priorities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul for the control of tuberculosis, showing that the high rates of the disease in the municipality should alert to the importance of effective measures to combat the disease. (AU)

O TRABALHO NOS CENTROS DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL EM UMA CAPITAL DO NORDESTE: LIMITES E DESAFIOS / THE WORK IN PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE CENTERS IN A CAPITAL OF THE NORTHEAST: LIMITS AND CHALLENGES / EL TRABAJO EN LOS CENTROS DE ATENCIÓN PSICOSOCIAL EN UNA CAPITAL DEL NORDESTE: LÍMITES Y DESAFÍOS

As equipes de trabalho dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial têm enfrentado diversos desafios para efetivarem as novas proposições das práticas no enfoque da reabilitação psicossocial. A pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer como esses trabalhadores avaliam suas práticas e as novas estratégias de cuidado desenvolvidas em quatro serviços de Maceió, Alagoas. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, sendo a análise dos dados realizada sob o referencial da análise de conteúdo. Foram entrevistados 19 profissionais de nível superior de diversas categorias entre os meses de maio a agosto de 2013. A análise das falas resultou em quatro principais categorias temáticas: Limites e desafios dos serviços; Exercício da reabilitação psicossocial; Entre as ações individuais e grupais; Entre as ações institucionais e territoriais. Pôde-se concluir que existe o reconhecimento da contribuição das novas práticas no cuidado e na reabilitação dos usuários desses serviços, porém foi possível detectar fragilidade e fragmentação das atividades e sobrecarga no trabalho, resultando em estagnação dos processos de trabalho nesses serviços.

The work teams of mental health services have faced many challenges to actualize the new practices propositions in addressing the psychosocial rehabilitation. The objective of the research was to cognize how these workers evaluate their practices and the new strategies of care developed in four services in Maceió, Alagoas. It is a descriptive, exploratory study of qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted with 19 higher education professionals from many categories from May to August 2013. The analysis of the speeches resulted in four major thematic categories: Limits and Challenges of the Services; Exercise of Psychosocial Rehabilitation; Between individual and group activities; and Among the institutional and territorial actions. It was possible to conclude that there is a recognition of the contribution that new practices have accomplished in the care and rehabilitation of users of these services, however, it could be detected weakness and fragmentation of activities and work overload, resulting in stagnation of the work processes in these services.

Los equipos de trabajo de los centros de atención psicosocial se han enfrentado a muchos desafíos para actualizar las nuevas prácticas de proposiciones en el tratamiento de la rehabilitación psicosocial. La investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer cómo esos trabajadores evalúan sus prácticas y las nuevas estrategias de cuidado desarrolladas en cuatro servicios de Maceió, Alagoas. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio de abordaje cualitativo. Entrevistaron a 19 profesionales con títulos universitarios en diversas categorías durante los meses de mayo hasta agosto 2013. El análisis de los discursos resultó en cuatro principales categorías temáticas: Límites y desafíos de Servicios; Ejercicio de Rehabilitación Psicosocial; Entre las acciones individuales y colectivas; y Entre las acciones institucionales y territoriales. Se podría concluir que hay un reconocimiento de la contribución que las nuevas prácticas sen el cuidado y la rehabilitación de los usuarios de estos servicios, sin embargo, fue posible detectar la debilidad y la fragmentación de las actividades y la sobrecarga de trabajo, lo que resulta en el estancamiento de los procesos de trabajo en estos servicios.

Serratia marcescens harboring SME-4 in Brazil: A silent threat.

The intrinsic polymyxin resistance displayed by Serratia marcescens makes the acquisition of carbapenemase encoding genes a worrisome event. This study report a SME-4-producing S. marcescens isolate causing septic shock in Brazil. The insertion of novel resistance determinants and their consequent spread in our territory is noteworthy.

Características clínicas, prevalência e diagnóstico de vulvovaginites em ambulatório do interior do Rio Grande do Sul / Clinical characteristics and prevalence of vulvovaginitis in a clinic in the interior of the Rio Grande do Sul

Introdução: As vulvovaginites são uma das principais queixas no atendimento rotineiro de ginecologia. O diagnóstico correto e o tratamento precoce dessas afecções são importantes além de prevenir possíveis repercussões no trato genital superior. Objetivo: Conhecer as características clínicas e a prevalência das vulvovaginites. Metodologia: Estudo transversal de natureza exploratória e descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa sobre mulheres que foram atendidas na Unidade de Atendimento de um Ambulatório de Ginecologia do Sistema Integrado de Saúde (SIS) na Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, no período de setembro de 2014 a maio de 2015. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade, queixas clínicas, exame ginecológico e achados no exame a fresco. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS 22.0. Resultados: Do total de 200 pacientes atendidas no ambulatório, 66 (33%) foram selecionadas para realização do exame a fresco. A leucorreia fisiológica foi diagnosticada em 35 pacientes (53,0%), a vaginose bacteriana em 24 (36,5%), a candidíase em 6 (9,0%) e a tricomoníase em 1 (1,5%). Na vaginose bacteriana leucorreia com odor fétido, na candidíase leucoréia grumosa branca, prurido, ardência, vulva eritematosa e dispaurenia foram significativos para o diagnóstico (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Observou-se que a faixa etária das mulheres acometidas por vulvovaginites foi compatível com a literatura, predominando em idade reprodutiva. Constatou-se que a vaginose bacteriana foi a mais diagnosticada e que a leucorreia com odor fétido foi o sintoma estatisticamente significativo para o diagnóstico. Da mesma forma, a candidíase, com leucorreia grumosa branca, prurido, ardência, vulva eritematosa e dispareunia. (AU)

Introduction: vulvovaginitis are one of the main complaints in the routine care of gynecology. The proper diagnosis and early treatment are important to the patient and prevent possible repercussions in the upper genital tract. Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and the prevalence of vulvovaginitis. Methods: Cross-sectional study of exploratory and descriptive, quantitative approach, by applying a structured questionnaire and conducting fresh examination in women who were treated at the Unit Clinical Care of Gynecology of the Integrated Health System (IHS) at the University of Santa Cruz do Sul, from September 2014 to May 2015. The variables analyzed were: age, symptoms, gynecological examination and findings in fresh examination. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0. Results: From a total of 200 patients seen at the clinic, 66 (3.3%) were selected for the performance of the fresh examination. The most common query reason was the collection of cytological (56.0%). Physiological leukorrhea was diagnosed in 35 patients (53.0%), bacterial vaginosis in 24 (36.5%), candidiasis 6 (9.0%) and trichomoniasis in 1 (1.5%). In bacterial vaginosis, a vaginal discharge with foul odor was a significant symptom for diagnosis, in candidiasis, white crumbly leukorrhea, pruritus, burning sensation, dyspareunia, vulvar erythema were also significant for diagnosis (p <0.05). Conclusions: It was observed that the age of women affected by vulvovaginites was consistent with the literature, predominantly at reproductive age. It was found that bacterial vaginosis was the most diagnosed and that foul-smelling vaginal discharge was a statistically significant (p<0.05) symptom for diagnosis. Likewise, in the case of candidiasis, crumbly white leukorrhea, pruritus, burning, vulvar erythema and dyspareunia were statistically significant for diagnosis and considered the cardinal symptoms of vulvovaginites. (AU)