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Background: Unhealthy eating habits, such as low vegetable and fruit intake, are associated with many health problems. 24-h movement behaviors have been reported to be positively associated with numerous health-related outcomes. Despite the importance of these two modifiable lifestyle behaviors in building healthy habits in university students, there is a paucity of relevant research in this population. Therefore, this study aims to examine the correlation between compliance with 24-h movement guideline (24-h MG) and intake of fruits and vegetables (IFV) in Chinese university students. Methods: This study investigated the relationship between the compliance with 24-h MG and IFV in 1,793 Chinese university students using a convenience sampling method online. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, while sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The Chinese version of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II was used to measure IFV. Generalized linear models were applied to examine the correlation between compliance with the 24-h MG and eating habits. Results: The proportion of participants who routinely consumed vegetables and fruits was 24.6% and 43.1%, respectively, while the proportion of meeting the three 24-h MG and a combination of any two guidelines was 27.8% and 40.1%, respectively. Meeting all three guidelines was associated with a greater IFV intake compared to not meeting either guideline. Meeting all three guidelines (OR = 2.42 [1.63, 3.58]) and the combination of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and sleep (OR = 2.06 [1.37, 3.10]) were positively associated with the frequency of vegetable consumption (p < 0.05). As well, meeting all three guidelines (OR = 2.06 [1.37, 3.10]), the combination of MVPA and sleep (OR = 1.72 [1.04, 2.84]), and sleep only (OR = 1.88 [1.21, 2.92]) were positively associated with fruits consumption (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Almost a third of the university students met the three 24-h MG, and compliance with all three guidelines was associated with a higher frequency of IFV. Furthermore, meeting the sleep guideline alone or in conjunction with the PA, and meeting the entire 24-h MG was associated with greater consumption of fruits.
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Exercise , Feeding Behavior , Fruit , Sedentary Behavior , Students , Vegetables , Humans , Male , Female , Students/statistics & numerical data , Students/psychology , Universities , Young Adult , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , China , Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations between healthy eating habits, resilience, insomnia, and Internet addiction by using a cross-lagged panel analysis of Chinese college students. Overall, 807 Chinese college students completed questionnaires on healthy eating habits, resilience, insomnia, and Internet addiction from August 2020 (time 1, T1) to November 2020 (time 2, T2), and were selected for the data analyses. Healthy eating habits (T1) had significant effects on resilience (T2; ß = 0.064, p < 0.05) and insomnia (T2; ß = -0.064, p < 0.05), but not Internet addiction (T2; ß = -0.028, p > 0.05). Insomnia (T1) negatively predicted resilience (T2; ß = -0.098, p < 0.01). Insomnia was bidirectionally associated with Internet addiction (Internet addiction at T1 to insomnia at T2: ß = 0.085, p < 0.01; insomnia at T1 to Internet addiction at T2: ß = 0.070, p < 0.05). Additionally, Internet addiction (T1) significantly predicted resilience (T2; ß = -0.075, p < 0.05). This study further expanded the understanding of the longitudinal associations between healthy eating habits, resilience, insomnia, and Internet addiction, which provided higher-level evidence and important implications for the interventions for reducing college students' Internet addiction, developing healthy eating habits, and improving resilience and sleep health.
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Internet Addiction Disorder , Resilience, Psychological , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Students , Humans , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/psychology , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Male , Female , Young Adult , Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology , Internet Addiction Disorder/epidemiology , Universities , China/epidemiology , Longitudinal Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Diet, Healthy/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Feeding Behavior/psychology , InternetABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Parent-adolescent relationships and school connectedness are critical promotive factors for adolescent self-compassion. However, little is known about how the magnitude of the associations between these protective factors and self-compassion changes across continuous age groups and whether gender differences exist in the age-varying associations. This study aims to investigate (1) the age-varying associations of parent-adolescent relationships and school connectedness with self-compassion using time-varying effect modeling and (2) how their age-varying associations may differ by gender. METHODS: A total of 14,776 adolescents aged 10-18 (mean age = 13.53 ± 2.08, 52.3% males) from Shenzhen, China participated in this study. All adolescents completed the online questionnaires in the school computer rooms. RESULTS: The results showed that both parent-adolescent relationships and school connectedness were positively associated with adolescent self-compassion, and the magnitudes fluctuated with age. Specifically, the association between parent-adolescent relationships and self-compassion peaked for adolescents in early adolescence, with the key timing for girls (age group of 10 years old) being slightly earlier than boys (age group of 11 years old). The association between school connectedness and self-compassion was stronger for boys in the early years of adolescence (in the age group of 12.7 years), while stronger for girls during middle adolescence (in the age group of 14.0 years). Overall, girls were more sensitive to connections with parents and schools than boys during most age groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrated differential key timing for boys and girls regarding family- and school-based intervention to cultivate self-compassion and highlighted the importance of maintaining strong connections with families and schools for cultivating adolescent self-compassion, particularly for girls.
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Objective: Internet addiction and depressive symptoms are common mental health problems in adolescents. Due to the comorbidity of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms, their mutual relationship influences their developmental trajectories over time. Thus, this study aimed to identify the joint trajectories of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms, and examined the individual, family, and school antecedents of these trajectories among Chinese adolescents. Methods: Using a battery of self-report scales, three waves of data collection were conducted in a Chinese adolescent sample (N = 1,301). The co-developmental trajectories of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms were extracted by adopting parallel-process latent class growth modeling (PPLCGM). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess predictive factors. Results: Four unique joint trajectory classes were detected: the Health Group (n = 912, 70.1%), Comorbidity-Worsening Group (n = 85, 6.5%), Asymptomatic-Comorbid Risk Group (n = 148, 11.4%), and Prominent Depressive Symptoms-Remission Group (n = 156, 12.0%). Individual, family, and school factors (e.g., gender, positive youth development, family function, academic performance) significantly predicted the membership in these distinct co-developmental trajectories. Conclusion: Our findings illustrate that the joint development of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms among adolescents presents a heterogeneous distribution, which could better inform prevention and intervention strategies since each co-developmental trajectory may represent unique experience for adolescents who need targeted treatment. Various individual, family, and school factors are important predictors that play different roles in distinguishing the joint trajectories of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms during this critical developmental transition period.
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Depression , Internet Addiction Disorder , Humans , Adolescent , Female , Male , Depression/epidemiology , Internet Addiction Disorder/epidemiology , Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology , China/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Risk Factors , Self Report , InternetABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Self-compassion (SC), reflecting self-attitude and self-connectedness, has proven to be a modifiable factor in promoting mental health outcomes. Increasingly, SC is recognized as a multidimensional construct consisting of six dimensions, rather than a single dimension. OBJECTIVES: First, this study adopted a person-centered approach to explore profiles of SC dimensions in Chinese young adults. Second, the study examined the predictive effects of SC profiles on mental health outcomes. METHODS: In February 2020, young adults (N = 1164) were invited to complete the 26-item Neff's Self-Compassion Scale online. Three months later, the same subjects (N = 1099) reported their levels of depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and posttraumatic growth (PTG). RESULTS: After controlling for retrospective ACEs, four classes best characterized the profiles: self-compassionate (26.7%, N = 294), self-uncompassionate (12.3%, N = 135), average (55.9%, N = 614), and detached groups (5.1%, N = 56). Young adults in the self-compassionate group adjusted the best (with the highest level of PTG and the lowest levels of depressive and PTSD symptoms). Adults in the self-uncompassionate group demonstrated the poorest mental health outcomes (with the lowest level of PTG and the highest levels of depressive and PTSD symptoms). Young adults in the average group obtained more PTG than adults in the detached group (p < .01), but did not differ significantly in depressive and PTSD symptoms (p > .05). CONCLUSION: The compassionate profile is the most adaptable for young adults among all groups. This study highlights the limitations of representing the relative balance of SC with a composite score.
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Aim: This research sought to identify the association between sports participation and resilience in children and adolescents as a means to enhance mental health. Methods: A comprehensive survey was carried out, encompassing primary, middle, and high school students from chosen educational institutions. The analytical sample comprised 67,281 students of school age. Sports participation and resilience were evaluated using validated assessment tools, while relevant covariates, such as sex and school grade, were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Generalized Linear Models were applied to ascertain the association between sports participation and resilience for the entire sample, and separately for subgroups divided by gender or school grade, after controlling for covariates. Results: Among the 67,281 school students, males constituted 51.9% of the sample. Approximately 47.1% of the entire sample reported no sports participation, and the average resilience score was 24.7. The regression model analysis revealed that, in the entire sample, increased in sports participation was linked to higher resilience scores (odds ratio [OR] for 1-3 times per month: 1.20, 95%CI: 1.16-1.24; OR for 1-2 times per week: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.33-1.43; OR for 3 times or more per week: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.65-1.79). Analyses stratified by gender and school grade indicated that sports participation was consistently associated with greater resilience. Conclusion: This study provides cross-sectional evidence supporting the positive association between sports participation and the resilience of children and adolescents, underscoring the potential of encouraging sports participation as a strategy for promoting mental health resilience. The findings presented herein should be subject to further confirmation or refutation in future research endeavors.
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Background: The world's first 24-h movement guidelines for adults were released on 15 October 2020 in Canada, though evidence of their associations with health indicators in young adults is sparse. This study aimed to report the prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and associations with depressive symptoms in a sample of Chinese university students. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 1,793 Chinese university students (mean age = 20.7 years, 63.6% female) were used. Sociodemographic information, movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration), and depressive symptoms were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was 27.8% in Chinese university students. Logistic regression results show that compared to those who met the 24-h movement guidelines, odds ratio (OR) for depressive symptoms in those who met fewer recommendations contained in the 24-h movement guidelines were significantly higher (OR for none = 3.4, 95% CI [2.1-5.5], p < 0.001; OR for one = 2.7, 95% CI [2.0-3.8], p < 0.001; OR for two = 1.5, 95% CI [1.1-2.1], p = 0.013). Conclusion: The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines in Chinese university students was relatively low and should be enhanced through multiple strategies. Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was associated with lower risk for depression in Chinese young adults. It is suggested that moving more, sitting less and sleeping well in this population may reduce the occurrence of depression.
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Depression , Exercise , Young Adult , Humans , Female , Adult , Male , Depression/diagnosis , Universities , Cross-Sectional Studies , StudentsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is associated with severe impairments in psychosocial functions, but related longitudinal research is limited. To promote the mental health of college students with childhood adversities, it is imperative to investigate the development of CPTSD symptoms and the predictive factors. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to examine the latent trajectories of CPTSD symptoms among college students with childhood adversities and to identify the role of self-compassion in differentiating potential trajectories. METHODS: A total of 294 college students with childhood adversities completed self-report questionnaires on demographic backgrounds, childhood adversities, CPTSD symptoms, and self-compassion three times with an interval of three months. Latent class growth analysis was used to determine the trajectories of CPTSD symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the association between self-compassion and trajectories subgroups while adjusting for demographic variables. RESULTS: Three heterogeneous groups of CPTSD symptoms among college students with childhood adversities were identified: the low-symptoms group (n = 123, 41.8 %), the moderate-symptoms group (n = 108, 36.7 %), and the high-risk group (n = 63, 21.4 %). Multinomial logistic regression showed that, after adjusting for demographic variables, students with higher levels of self-compassion were less likely to belong to the moderate-symptoms and high-risk group in comparison to the low-symptoms group. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the trajectories of CPTSD symptoms of college students with childhood adversities were heterogeneous. Self-compassion was a protective factor against the development of CPTSD symptoms. The present study provided insights into the mental health promotion for individuals with adversities.
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Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Humans , Child , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Self-Compassion , Surveys and Questionnaires , Self Report , StudentsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression often co-occur during adolescence, but the associations between symptoms of these two disorders in this developmental period are not yet fully understood. Network analysis provides a valuable approach to uncover meaningful associations among symptoms and offers insights for prevention and intervention strategies. This study aimed to investigate symptom-level associations between anxiety and depression using network analysis and to identify core symptoms, bridge symptoms, and differences in network structure across different stages of adolescence. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2022 in Shenzhen, China. Participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, along with demographic questionnaires assessing age and gender. Chinese adolescents aged 10 to 17 who were in Grades 5 or 6 of elementary school, Grades 1 or 2 of middle school, or Grades 1 or 2 of high school, and who could comprehensively understand and read Chinese were recruited as participants. Students in Grade 3 of middle and high schools were excluded due to their upcoming high school or college entrance examinations. Based on age, participants were categorized into early, middle, and late developmental stages of adolescence. RESULTS: "Loss of control" was among the most central symptoms in the comorbidity network throughout all three developmental stages; "excessive worry" and "anhedonia" emerged as the core symptoms in early adolescence, and "restlessness" as the core symptom in late adolescence. "Anhedonia," "sad mood," and "fatigue" were identified as bridge symptoms between anxiety and depression across all three developmental stages of adolescence. The global strength of the network in middle adolescence was significantly higher compared to the other two stages. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the core and bridge symptoms that require special attention and intervention at each stage of adolescence. Moreover, significantly higher network connectivity in middle adolescence suggests this is a critical period for intervention to prevent the development of comorbid mental disorders.
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Anxiety , Depression , Adolescent , Humans , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Anxiety/diagnosis , Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Comorbidity , AnhedoniaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The relationships between fruit and vegetable consumption (FV) and Internet addiction (IA) in college students still remained unknown together with the internal mechanisms. Given the limitations of previous cross-sectional design, longitudinal research was necessary to be conducted to explore more precise correlations. Using the three-wave data in a longitudinal design, this study aimed to explore the association between FV and IA among Chinese college students and potential multiple mediators of insomnia and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A total of 579 college students were recruited during three waves (T1: August 2020; T2: November 2020; T3: February 2021). FV (T1), insomnia (T2), depression (T2) and IA (T3) symptoms were reported. The descriptive statistics of the sociodemographic characteristics and correlation analyses of the study variables were calculated. The significance of the mediation effects was measured conducting a bootstrap method with SPSS PROCESS macro. RESULTS: FV was negatively correlated with IA, and lower FV predicted higher risk of IA. Depression mediated the association between FV and subsequent IA. Insomnia and depression were multiple mediators, which in turn mediated the links between FV and subsequent IA. CONCLUSIONS: The three-wave longitudinal study has revealed that FV had indirect effects on IA through individual mediating factor of depression and multiple mediating roles of insomnia and depression sequentially. The policy makers, educators and researchers should pay attention to the impact of the interventions from healthy diet, in order to optimize the coping strategies for preventing college students from IA.
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Behavior, Addictive , COVID-19 , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Humans , Depression/epidemiology , Vegetables , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology , Fruit , Internet Addiction Disorder , Cross-Sectional Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Pandemics , Students , InternetABSTRACT
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between unhealthy eating habits and insomnia symptoms with Internet addiction (IA) among Chinese left-behind children (LBC) based on potential gender difference. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in junior high schools from an economically disadvantaged area of China in May 2020. Participants were asked to complete the information and scales of socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits (the frequency of eating carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables, protein, and breakfast), insomnia severity and IA. A total of 3156 LBCs (43.9% males and 56.1% females, aged 14.2 years in average) were used for final analyses. Associations between eating habits and insomnia symptoms with IA were analyzed by generalized linear model with binary logistic regression. Results: The study found that left-behind children (LBCs) had unhealthy eating habits, particularly among females. Females reported more insomnia symptoms than males. The prevalence of IA was similar across genders. Consuming fewer fruits and vegetables and skipping breakfast were linked to increased IA risk, especially in females. Insomnia was significantly associated with higher IA risk in both genders. Conclusion: In LBCs, unhealthy eating and sleep were notably linked to IA, especially in females. Addressing these factors might reduce the prevalence of IA among LBCs.
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Background: Digital hoarding has emerged as a pervasive psychological phenomenon and behavioral challenge among contemporary youth. This study focused on exploring the relationship between upward social comparison via social media, fear of missing out (FoMO), mindfulness, digital hoarding behavior, and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: A total of 927 young people participated in this cross-sectional study. Research instruments included the Social Comparison Scale, the Fear of Missing Out Scale, the Mindfulness Measure, and the Digital Hoarding Behavior Questionnaire. The data analysis comprised descriptive statistics and correlation analyses. Advanced analyses were conducted using Model 4 for mediation and Model 8 for moderation from the PROCESS macro. Results: (1) Upward social comparison via social media was a strong predictor of digital hoarding behavior, even after controlling for variables such as gender, age, and education. (2) FoMO mediated the relationship between upward social comparison via social media and digital hoarding. (3) Mindfulness moderated both the direct effect of upward social comparison via social media on digital hoarding and the first segment of the mediating role of FoMO. Discussion: The study further clarified the antecedents and psychological mechanisms that drive digital hoarding behavior. The findings contribute new perspectives for understanding the emerging concept of digital hoarding, while providing empirical evidence and valuable guidance for encouraging young adults to use social media responsibly and reduce impulsive hoarding tendencies.
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BACKGROUND: The university years are a developmentally crucial phase and a peak period for the onset of mental disorders. The beliefs about the changeability of negative emotion may play an important role in help-seeking. The brief digital growth mindset intervention is potentially scalable and acceptable to enhance adaptive coping and help-seeking for mental health needs in university students. We adapted the Single-session Intervention on Growth Mindset for adolescents (SIGMA) to be applied in university students (U-SIGMA). This protocol introduces a two-armed waitlist randomized controlled trial study to examine the effectiveness and acceptability of U-SIGMA in promoting help-seeking among university students in the Greater Bay Area. METHODS: University students (N = 250, ages 18-25) from universities in the Greater Bay Area will be randomized to either the brief digital growth mindset intervention group or the waitlist control group. Participants will report on the mindsets of negative emotions, perceived control over anxiety, attitude toward help-seeking, physical activity, hopelessness, psychological well-being, depression, anxiety, and perceived stress at baseline and the 2-week and 8-week follow-ups through web-based surveys. A 30-min digital intervention will be implemented in the intervention group, with a pre- and post-intervention survey collecting intervention feedback, while the control group will receive the link for intervention after 8 weeks. DISCUSSION: This protocol introduces the implementation plan of U-SIMGA in multi-cities of the Greater Bay Area. The findings are expected to help provide pioneer evidence for the effectiveness and acceptability of the brief digital intervention for university students in the Chinese context and beyond and contribute to the development of accessible and effective prevention and early intervention for university students' mental health. TRIAL REGISTRATION: HKU Clinical Trials Registry: HKUCTR-3012; Registered 14 April 2023. http://www.hkuctr.com/Study/Show/7a3ffbc0e03f4d1eac0525450fc5187e .
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Adaptation, Psychological , Mental Health , Adolescent , Humans , Young Adult , Adult , Universities , Affect , Students/psychology , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To advance understanding of the development of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms longitudinally and facilitate future treatments, the present study investigated changes in the network of CPTSD symptoms among Chinese college students with childhood trauma. METHOD: A longitudinal study was conducted with college students, following them three times at 3-month intervals. CPTSD symptoms were measured using the International Trauma Questionnaire, and childhood trauma was assessed by the revised Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale. The final sample consisted of 294 participants with childhood trauma at baseline measurement (28.9% were males, Mage = 20.76 years). Comparisons of cross-sectional networks and cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analysis were performed to characterize the features and changes of interactions among CPTSD symptoms. RESULTS: Sense of failure and isolation were the core symptoms in the cross-sectional networks of CPTSD symptoms. The comparison of cross-sectional networks indicated that the global network strength was stable, and no node's strength centrality and only one edge weight changed significantly from Time 1 (T1) to Time 3 (T3). The findings of the CLPN model reveal that worthlessness, difficulties with intimacy, and flashbacks have the highest out-expected influence. In the T1-T3 network, the strongest edge was from worthlessness to sense of failure. CONCLUSIONS: Cross-sectional network analyses and comparisons revealed the characteristics of CPTSD networks at multiple time points, while the CLPN analysis identified the longitudinal dynamics of CPTSD symptoms. These provide insights for designing more targeted intervention plans for college students with childhood trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Purpose: Past studies have illustrated that the impact of sports participation on school-attending students' well-being plays a significant role in the life course of adolescence, which is a golden period for developing sound psychological qualities. However, the relationship between sports participation and subjective well-being is not clear, particularly in Chinese primary and middle schools. Therefore, the current study was aimed to explore the relationship between sports participation and subjective well-being in elementary and middle schools in China. Method: All involved children and adolescents were asked to conduct a self-report of their sociodemographic factors (e.g., sex, grade, and age), independence, and outcomes. The survey involved a two-stage sampling design (district school). Besides, in order to examine the relationship between participation in sports and subjective well-being, a self-report questionnaire was used. Logistic regression with 95% confidence interval and odds ratios (ORs), was conducted to investigate the relationship between sports participation and subjective well-being. Results: A total of 67,281 participants in total provided complete data for the final analysis of the current study. The percentage of boys and girls was 51.9% and 48.1%, namely. The current study found that compared with children who never participate in sports, those children who participated sports in 1-3 times a month, 1-2 times a week, and 3 times a week and above were more likely to enjoy better well-being. Compared with children who never participate in sports, those children who in every grade participated sports in 1-3 times a month, 1-2 times a week, and 3 times a week and above were more likely to achieve better well-being. Conclusion: Our current study offered the positive effect of sports participation on children and adolescents' subjective well-being. For schools and governments, further studies are needed to focus on sports participation and positive feedback on adolescents' mental health, and the three parties' endeavors should be intervened.
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East Asian People , Sports , Male , Child , Female , Adolescent , Humans , Schools , Surveys and Questionnaires , Students/psychologyABSTRACT
Purpose: Past studies have indicated that air pollution is a major environmental factor that negatively affects prosocial behavior in adolescents. However, the mechanism underlying this negative relationship has not been fully explored. This study postulated that this impact may occur through individual resilience, a major psychological capital for adolescents. In addition, we studied interpersonal relations, namely, adolescents' perceived family and teacher support, which may moderate the proposed relationship. Methods: This study combined the three-year tracking survey data of 11-to-15 old adolescents (N=1301; approximately 48% female) in China with objective data from the air quality index (AQI) to measure the level of air pollution. Results: Findings from ordinary least squares analysis indicated that air pollution negatively influences adolescents' prosocial behavior, and their resilience mediates this negative relationship. In addition, the results showed that the negative effect of air pollution on adolescent resilience is attenuated by higher family income, whereas it is accentuated by the absence of teacher support. Conclusion: Our study provides insight into how the negative effect of air pollution on adolescents' prosocial behavior is mediated by their psychological resilience, and highlights the moderating role of adolescents' interpersonal relations in the association between air pollution and their psychological resilience. Our research also provides practical advice on how families, teachers, and psychologists can mitigate this negative impact.
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There is substantial evidence that the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic increased the risk of depressive symptoms among college students, but the long-term features of depressive symptoms on a symptom level have been poorly described. The current study investigated interaction patterns between depressive symptoms via network analysis. In this longitudinal study, participants included 860 Chinese college students (65.8% female; Mage = 20.6, SDage = 1.8, range: 17-27) who completed a questionnaire at three-time points three months apart. Results demonstrated that fatigue was the most influential symptom, and the occurrence of fatigue could give rise to other depressive symptoms. In addition to predicting other symptoms, fatigue could be predicted by other symptoms in the measurement. The network structures were similar across time, suggesting that the overall interaction pattern of depressive symptoms was stable over the longitudinal course. These findings suggest that depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 period are associated with the presence of fatigue.
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COVID-19 , Depression , Humans , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Infant , Male , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , Pandemics , Longitudinal Studies , Students , Fatigue/etiology , Fatigue/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The primary aim of the current study was to probe the longitudinal relationships between family dysfunction (FD) and adolescent Internet addiction (IA), as well as the group difference between only child and non-only child. Data were from a three-wave longitudinal data of 1301 Chinese adolescents, collected when adolescents were at Grade 7, Grade 8, and Grade 9. FD and IA were assessed via adolescent self-reported questionaries of Chinese Family Assessment Instrument and Internet Addiction Test. Cross-lagged panel model was constructed to estimate possible associations between FD and adolescent IA after controlling for demographic variables. Our results suggest that adolescents might get stuck in a vicious cycle of dysfunctional family and addictive Internet use: adolescents who lived in a dysfunctional family showed increased risk in IA in the subsequent year; in turn, adolescent IA further increased the possibility of FD. Moreover, multigroup comparison analysis revealed that the vicious cycle between FD and adolescent IA could be applied to both the only child and the non-only child. The findings may enrich the application of the Developmental Contextualism Theory and contribute to the identification of the starting points for intervention strategies of adolescent IA.
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Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations between warm and harsh parenting and adolescent well-being, and the mediating effects of self-kindness and self-judgment, in relationships. Moreover, this study investigated developmental differences across three adolescence stages (early, middle, and late). Methods: In total, 14,776 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 13.53 ± 2.08, 52.3% males), including individuals in early (10-12 years old, N = 5055), middle (13-15 years old, N = 6714), and late adolescence (16-18 years old, N = 3007) participated in this study. All the adolescents rated their levels of warm and harsh parenting, self-kindness and self-judgment, and well-being. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted to examine the mediation model. Multi-group analysis was conducted to investigate differences in the mediation model across the different developmental stages. Results: Both warm and harsh parenting were related to adolescent well-being through the mediating effects of self-kindness and self-judgment. However, warm parenting exerted a more substantial impact on adolescent well-being. Self-kindness had a more robust mediating effect than self-judgment in relationships. Moreover, harsh parenting had a weaker impact on adolescent well-being in late adolescence than in early and middle adolescence. Warm parenting had a more significant impact on adolescent well-being in early adolescence than in middle and late adolescence. Conclusions: Overall, warm parenting had a more substantial effect than harsh parenting on adolescent well-being. The findings also highlighted the crucial mediating effect of self-kindness in the relationships between parenting and well-being. Moreover, this study also indicated the importance of warm parenting in early adolescence. Intervention programs should focus on enhancing the level of warm parenting to promote self-kindness in adolescents, in order to improve their well-being.