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1.
Indian Pediatr ; 61(4): 375-379, 2024 Apr 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38597103

ABSTRACT

Recent research has underscored the diverse ways in which air pollution detrimentally affects child health in India. Notably, India shoulders one of the highest burdens of mortality of children under five years of age globally due to exposure to air pollution. Distinct mitigation strategies are vital to reduce air pollution exposure and its resultant health burdens among children in India when compared to strategies applicable in the global West. This necessity arises due to the substantial influence of residential combustion of solid fuels, and considerable disparities prevalent among India's population. Addressing these unique challenges requires widespread awareness, community engagement, and sustainable policies. As India embarked on a mission to reduce air pollution, showcasing health benefits linked to interventions is crucial. Augmenting access to health data is equally essential to bolster evidence-based policymaking aimed at reducing the child health burden stemming from air pollution in India.


Subject(s)
Air Pollution , Child Health , Child , Humans , Child, Preschool , Air Pollution/adverse effects , Air Pollution/prevention & control , India/epidemiology
2.
Sci Total Environ ; 922: 171314, 2024 Apr 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38423313

ABSTRACT

Chronic exposure to ambient PM2.5 is the largest environmental health risk in Europe. We used a chemical transport model and recent exposure response functions to simulate ambient PM2.5, contribution from fires and related health impacts over Europe from 1990 to 2019. Our estimation indicates that the excess death burden from exposure to ambient PM2.5 declined across Europe at a rate of 10,000 deaths per year, from 0.57 million (95 % confidence intervals: 0.44-0.75 million) in 1990 to 0.28 million (0.19-0.42 million) in the specified period. Among these excess deaths, approximately 99 % were among adults, while only around 1 % occurred among children. Our findings reveal a steady increase in fire mortality fractions (excess deaths from fires per 1000 deaths from ambient PM2.5) from 2 in 1990 to 13 in 2019. Notably, countries in Eastern Europe exhibited significantly higher fire mortality fractions and experienced more pronounced increases compared to those in Western and Central Europe. We performed sensitivity analyses by considering fire PM2.5 to be more toxic as compared to other sources, as indicated by recent studies. By considering fire PM2.5 to be more toxic than other PM2.5 sources results in an increased relative contribution of fires to excess deaths, reaching 2.5-13 % in 2019. Our results indicate the requirement of larger mitigation and adaptation efforts and more sustainable forest management policies to avert the rising health burden from fires.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants , Air Pollution , Fires , Adult , Child , Humans , Air Pollutants/analysis , Particulate Matter/analysis , Europe , Europe, Eastern , Air Pollution/analysis , Environmental Exposure/analysis
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