ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine simultaneous circulation of DENV serotypes and ZIKV in Córdoba, Colombia, during 2015 and 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 294 samples from patients with clinical diagnosis of febrile syndrome compatible with dengue were collected between June 2015 and December 2016. All samples were tested for DENV and ZIKV by RT-PCR using C6/36 cells culture supernatant. RESULTS: Thirty-three percent of the samples were positive (97/294); from these, 61.8% were positive for DENV and 31% were positive for Zika. The predominant serotype was DENV-2 (70.1%), followed by DENV-3 (8.9%), DENV-4 (6%), and DENV-1 (3%). DENV/ZIKV coinfection was identified in 7.2% of the cases associated with DENV-1 and DENV-3 serotypes. The confirmed cases of dengue, Zika, and DENV/ZIKV coinfections were clinically mild and self-limited. CONCLUSIONS: We reported the co-circulation of all four DENV serotypes, with a higher frequency of DENV-2, and ZIKV introduction in Córdoba department-Colombia in August 2015. This scenario favored the appearance of DENV/ZIKV coinfections.
Subject(s)
Dengue/diagnosis , Fever/virology , Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis , Aged , Child, Preschool , Coinfection , Colombia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dengue/virology , Dengue Virus/classification , Female , Fever/diagnosis , Humans , Infant , Male , Serotyping , Zika Virus/classification , Zika Virus Infection/virologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: For decades, bioprospecting has proven to be useful for the identification of compounds with pharmacological potential. Considering the great diversity of Colombian plants and the serious worldwide public health problem of dengue-a disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV)-in the present study, we evaluated the anti-DENV effects of 12 ethanolic extracts derived from plants collected in the Colombian Caribbean coast, and 5 fractions and 5 compounds derived from Psidium guajava. METHODS: The cytotoxicity and antiviral effect of 12 ethanolic extracts derived from plants collected in the Colombian Caribbean coast was evaluated in epithelial VERO cells. Five fractions were obtained by open column chromatography from the ethanolic extract with the highest selectivity index (SI) (derived from P. guajava, SI: 128.2). From the fraction with the highest selectivity (Pg-YP-I-22C, SI: 35.5), five compounds were identified by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antiviral effect in vitro of the fractions and compounds was evaluated by different experimental strategies (Pre- and post-treatment) using non-toxic concentrations calculated by MTT method. The DENV inhibition was evaluated by plate focus assay. The results were analyzed by means of statistical analysis using Student's t-test. Finally the antiviral effect in Silico was evaluated by molecular docking. RESULTS: In vitro evaluation of these compounds showed that three of them (gallic acid, quercetin, and catechin) were promising antivirals as they inhibit the production of infectious viral particles via different experimental strategies, with the best antiviral being catechin (100% inhibition with a pre-treatment strategy and 91.8% with a post-treatment strategy). When testing the interactions of these compounds with the viral envelope protein in silico by docking, only naringin and hesperidin had better scores than the theoretical threshold of - 7.0 kcal/mol (- 8.0 kcal/mol and - 8.2 kcal/mol, respectively). All ligands tested except gallic acid showed higher affinity to the NS5 protein than the theoretical threshold. CONCLUSION: Even though bioprospecting has recently been replaced by more targeted tools for identifying compounds with pharmacological potential, our results show it is still useful for this purpose. Additionally, combining in vitro and in silico evaluations allowed us to identify promising antivirals as well as their possible mechanisms of action.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Dengue Virus/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Psidium/chemistry , Animals , Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Antiviral Agents/isolation & purification , Bioprospecting , Chlorocebus aethiops , Computer Simulation , Dengue , Dengue Virus/physiology , Molecular Docking Simulation , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Vero Cells , Virus Replication/drug effectsABSTRACT
Acredita-se que a avaliação é fundamental na formação profissional, pois no processo ensinoaprendizagem viabiliza o crescimento e a construção de resultados satisfatórios de aprendizagem. Isto implica dizer que a avaliação deve contribuir para a formação de profissionais críticos e reflexivos alterando, por vezes, a realidade na qual exercerá a profissão, portanto o processo de avaliação é dinâmico e requer adequações constantes
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Curriculum/standards , Students, Nursing/legislation & jurisprudence , Training Support , Educational Measurement/standardsABSTRACT
Drawing from qualitative research conducted in a participatory action research framework with 28 transgender women in Colombia, this paper presents the stigma-related barriers to healthcare experienced by trans women and their experiences of multi-level violence within the healthcare system. The authors also discuss how advocacy work was conducted as part of the research process and how trans community leaders were involved throughout the project in order to promote policy-relevance and community-based implementation of findings. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the experiences of violence and stigmatisation within the health care system is linked to broader processes of structural stigma reproduced within Colombian society.
Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Health Services Accessibility , Social Stigma , Transgender Persons , Violence , Adult , Colombia , Community-Based Participatory Research , Female , HIV Infections , Humans , Middle Aged , Social Class , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Las enterobacterias del genero Erwinia spp producen enfermedades en la papa, un tubérculo de consumo masivo. La regulación de la metilación del DNA puede regular la proliferación de la Erwinia, de tal modo que las concentraciones del ácido fólico, pueden tener un efecto en la capacidad patógena del microorganismo. De otra parte, el ácido fólico previene la aparición de defectos del tubo neural en humanos. Objetivo: Evaluar al ácido fólico como un agente bacteriostático de la Erwinia y que a su vez sea parte de la fortificación de alimentos de consumo masivo como la papa. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo la caracterización bioquímica de la Erwinia chrysanthemi, se estudió su crecimiento frente a diferentes concentraciones de ácido fólico Resultados: Al aumentar las concentraciones de la vitamina, desde 0,3 µg/L hasta 6,8 µg/L se inhibe el crecimiento bacteriano de la Erwinia chrysanthemi. La vitamina inhibe el crecimiento en cultivo de Erwinia chrysanthemi y actúa como como agente bacteriostático, aspecto es de gran relevancia dado que teóricamente, si la papa estuviera fortificada con el micronutriente, este actuaría contra el agente infeccioso y al mismo tiempo contribuiría al consumo adecuado de la vitamina en la población general.
Abstract Introduction: The enterobacteria of the Erwinia spp genus produce disease in potatoes, which is a tuber of mass consumption. The regulation of DNA methylation can regulate the proliferation of Erwinia in such a way that the concentrations of folic acid may have an effect on the microorganism pathogenic ability. On the other hand, the folic acid prevents the appearance of neural tube defects in humans. Objective: To evaluate folic acid as a bacteriostatic agent of Erwinia and, at the same time, as part of the fortification of mass consumption food such as the potatoes. Materials and methods: The biochemical characterization of the Erwinia chrysanthemi was carried out and its growth compared to different concentrations of folic acid was studied. Results: When increasing the concentrations of the vitamin from 0.3 µg/L up to 6.8 µg/L, the bacterial growth of Erwinia chrysanthemi is inhibited. The vitamin inhibits the growth in cultivation of Erwinia chrysanthemi and acts as a bacteriostatic agent. This aspect is of great importance given that, theoretically, if potatoes were fortified with micro-nutrient, this would act against the infectious agent and, at the same time, contribute to the adequate intake of the vitamin in the general population.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Typing Techniques , Erwinia , Bacterial Growth , Folic Acid , Solanum tuberosumABSTRACT
Las metástasis oculares constituyen el tumor maligno intraocular más frecuente en la población adulta. Estas tienen en su mayoría un compromiso coroideo. Se describe el caso de una paciente que presentó disminución de la agudeza visual rápidamente progresiva en el ojo derecho. Sin antecedentes personales relevantes, durante la evaluación oftalmológica se observa una lesión coroidea, la cual clínica y radiológicamente sugería una metástasis coroidea como primera impresión diagnóstica. Posterior a la realización de estudios de extensión se confirmó histopatológicamente un tumor pancreático como origen de la metástasis. Las metástasis oculares ocasionadas por el páncreas son extremadamente raras, lo cual se confirma en la revisión de la literatura realizada.
The ocular metastases are the most common intraocular malignant tumor in the adult population. These have mostly a choroid commitment. This case report describes a female patient who presented with a rapidly progressive decrease in visual acuity in the right eye, no other symptoms were referred and her medical history was no relevant. A choroidal lesion was found, which clinically and radiologically suggested a choroid metastasis as the diagnosis. With extension studies was confi rmed histopathologically a pancreatic tumor as the primary tumor. The ocular metastases that are originated for the pancreas are extremely rare; this is confirmed by the review of the literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Eye Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine , Eye Diseases , Pancreatic NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and one of the fastest growing tumors in humans. It is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome- (AIDS-) defining disease and occurs with relatively preserved CD4 cell counts. It rarely affects the orbital region in the setting of AIDS. We report unusual presentation of a fatal case of AIDS-associated BL in a 42-year-old female patient with severe CD4 cell depletion who presented with dramatic fast growing (within days) bilateral orbital masses leading to striking facial deformities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral orbital involvement in AIDS-associated BL.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: verificar a existência de associação entre a presença e o grau de perda auditiva em adultos e idosos e o desempenho em teste de rastreio cognitivo, o sexo e a idade dos mesmos. MÉTODOS: participaram deste estudo sujeitos com idade entre 52 e 92 anos. Todos responderam a questionário sócio-demográfico, ao teste de Mini Exame do Estado Mental e à audiometria tonal liminar. RESULTADOS: dos 90 indivíduos avaliados, 22 (24,4%) eram do sexo masculino e 68 (75,6%) do sexo feminino. Constatou-se que apenas 11 orelhas direitas e 11 orelhas esquerdas apresentavam limiares auditivos normais. Constatou-se que a idade estava associada com o aumento dos limiares auditivos, evidenciando que os indivíduos mais velhos apresentam maior grau de perda auditiva (p<0,005). Não houve diferença estatística entre os limiares auditivos de homens e mulheres (p=0,1). Observou-se que 80% dos sujeitos cujo resultado do rastreio cognitivo foi normal apresentaram os limiares auditivos menos afetados. Já 60% dos indivíduos cujo resultado do rastreio cognitivo foi alterado apresentaram maior grau de perda auditiva. Pode-se constatar a relação dos achados audiológicos com os resultados do teste de rastreio cognitivo, evidenciando que os sujeitos com o resultado alterado do mini Exame do Estado mental apresentam os maiores graus de perda auditiva (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: verificou-se que houve associação entre a presença e grau da perda auditiva com o resultado do Mini Exame do Estado Mental. O aumento da idade mostrou-se proporcional ao aumento dos limiares auditivos. Não foi constatada associação entre gênero e audição na amostra. .
PURPOSE: to verify whether the presence and level of hearing loss in adults and elderly as well as their performance in tests are linked to their gender, age and cognitive tracking. METHODS: subjects with ages between 52 and 92 years old took part in this study. They all answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and went through Mini-Mental State Examination as well as pure-tone threshold audiometry. RESULTS: out of the 90 individuals, 22 (24,4%) were male and 68 (75,6%) were female. It was seen that only 11 right ears and 11 left ears presented normal auditory thresholds. It was possible to verify that age was indeed linked to the auditory thresholds increase, making it clear that older individuals present higher levels of hearing loss (p<0,005). There was no statistical difference between the auditory thresholds of male and female (p=0,1). It was observed that 80% of the individuals whose cognitive tracking results were normal presented least affected auditory thresholds, while 60% of those whose cognitive tracking results were altered presented a higher level of hearing loss. It is possible to identify a relation between these audiological findings and the cognitive tracking test results, proving that the individuals with the altered Mini-Mental State Examination results present higher hearing loss (p<0,001). CONCLUSION: there was an association between the presence and degree of hearing loss with the result of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Increasing age was proportional to the increase in hearing thresholds. There was no association between gender and hearing in the sample. .
ABSTRACT
Crianças e adolescentes, assim como muitos adultos, tornaram-se usuários de uma forma de entretenimento polêmica, embora atualmente banalizada: os jogos eletrônicos. Este artigo propõe uma reflexão que articula conceitos do Psicodrama ao universo da imaginação nos jogos eletrônicos. Será que os jogos podem propiciar exercícios de criação ou são apenas mecânicos e estimulam a rigidez no desempenho de papéis sociais e imaginários? Como podemos conceber a experiência das crianças que, fascinadas pelo prazer de simular outra realidade, a virtual, criam personagens e histórias todos os dias nas telas do computador? Seria possível nos aproximar dessa linguagem de comunicação, de forma que compreendêssemos qual o seu sentido para os jogadores?.
Children and adolescents, as well as many adults have become users of a controversial, yet still banalized form of entertainment: video-games. This article offers a reflection connecting psychodramatic concepts with the universe of imagination of video-games. Is it possible that these games can propitiate creativity, or are they simply mechanical and stimulate rigidity in the performance of social and imaginary roles? How can we understand the experience of children who, fascinated by the pleasure of simulating another virtual reality, end up every day creating characters and stories on their computer screens? Can we approach this language of communication in order to better understand its meaning for the players?.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychodrama , Video Games , ImaginationABSTRACT
O presente texto foi escrito como um ensaio científico, privilegiando a liberdade da expressão linguística. Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre a relação entre cinema e psicodrama, partindo do filme As invasões bárbaras. É possível que a narrativa de um filme nos proporcione uma experiência terapêutica? Qual? Como? Os sentimentos e as imagens evocadas pelo filme As invasões bárbaras são aqui relatadas, configurando um testemunho pessoal que busca articular subjetividade à objetividade, vivência à teoria, imaginação à ação. Autores importantes e distintos participam da discussão, especialmente Moreno, Zerka e o filósofo Bachelard.(AU)
This text has been written as a scientific essay, highlighting the freedom of linguistic expression. It reflects on the relationship between cinema and psychodrama, its starting point being the film entitled 'The barbarian invasions'. Is it possible that a narrative of a film can arise a therapeutic experience in us? If so, how? And what would this experience be? The emotions and images evoked by 'The barbarian invasions' are here presented in form of a personal testimony that tries to link subjectivity and objectivity, experience and theory, imagination and action. Distinct and important authors, such as Moreno, Zerka Moreno and the philosopher Bachelard take part in the discussion.(AU)
ABSTRACT
Muitas crianças estão sendo submetidas a uma prática terapêutica que medicaliza excessivamente a infância, propiciando que diversos comportamentos e dificuldades, principalmente quando relacionados à escola, sejam abordados como doenças, síndromes ou transtornos. Essa lógica patologizante parece dominar o olhar dos profissionais, tanto na área de educação como na de saúde. A tarefa deste artigo consiste em refletir sobre os mecanismos de controle social que promovem e sustentam esta lógica, considerando suas implicações na vida da criança, cujo destino é, frequentemente, marcado pelo rótulo, pela discriminação e contenção. É urgente a necessidade de se criarem novos olhares, articulando o psicodrama a outros olhares para possibilitar alternativas que garantam uma infância mais livre e saudável.(AU)
Many children are subjected to a therapeutic practice that excessively medicalizes infancy, propitiating that various behaviours and difficulties, especially those related to school, should be approached as illnesses, syndromes or disturbances. This pathologizing view seems to dominate the thinking of professionals, as much in the area of education as in the area of health. This paper aims to explore the control mechanisms that promote and sustain this way of thinking, and considers its implications on the life of children, whose destiny is often marked by labels, discrimination and contention. In order to develop alternatives that can warrant a freer and healthier childhood, there is an urgent need to create new perspectives and to link psychodrama with other disciplines.(AU)
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a tradução e a adaptação e estudar as propriedades das medidas: reprodutibilidade, validade e consistência interna do índice Manchester de incapacidade associada ao pé doloroso no idoso (MFPDI) para a língua portuguesa. MÉTODOS: O MFPDI foi traduzido e adaptado culturalmente para uma população de idosos, residentes na cidade de São Paulo. Foram avaliados 85 pacientes ambulatoriais com idade de 60 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos, que apresentavam dor nos pés de 30 mm ou mais na escala analógica visual de dor (EVA). Os pacientes foram submetidos ao MFPDI por três vezes, visto que na primeira vez cada paciente foi avaliado pelos entrevistadores 1 e 2 no mesmo dia, e no período máximo de 15 dias cada paciente foi, novamente, avaliado pelo entrevistador 1 para realizar a fase de reprodutibilidade. Para verificar a validade, foram colhidas medidas sociodemográficas, morfológicas e valores da escala analógica visual. E para a consistência interna foi aplicado o alfa de Cronbach, a fim de verificar a confiabilidade das respostas nas três entrevistas. RESULTADOS: Ao utilizar o processo metodológico, foi possível observar que a população ambulatorial entrevistada apresentou incapacidade funcional associada ao pé doloroso. A consistência interna foi alta (alfa de Cronbach = 0,80) entre as entrevistas. A validade foi obtida comparando-se o MFPDI com a EVA, sendo possível observar que, apesar de baixa, a correlação foi significante (p < 0,001). CONLUSÃO: Com o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do MFPDI demonstraram-se as propriedades de medida de reprodutibilidade, validade e consistência interna.
OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to translate into Portuguese, make adaptations, and study the reproducibility, validation and internal consistency of the parameters of the "Manchester Foot-Pain Disability Index". METHODS: The MFPDI was translated and culturally adapted in a population of eighty-five (85) elderly people, living in the city of São Paulo, seen at the outpatient clinics of the .Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia of the Escola Paulista de Medicina. The patients had at least 60 years-old, of either sex, displaying foot pain of at least 30 mm on a visual analog scale (VAS). Patients were evaluated by 3 times by the MFPDI, in such a way that on the first time each patient was evaluated by the interviewers 1 and 2 at the same day; to assess reproducibility, within the next 15 days each patient was evaluated again by the interviewer 1. Validation was verified by checking for social and demographic data, as well as morphological and VAS values. Internal consistency was checked by means of the Cronbach alpha, assessing reproducibility of the answers in the three interviews. RESULTS: The MFPDI index demonstrated that this population presented functional inability associated to foot pain. The internal consistency between interviews was high (Alpha of Cronbach = 0.80). Though presenting a weak correlation, there was a significant validity comparing MFPDI and the VAS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The translation and cultural adaptation of the MFPDI provide a reproducible, consistent and valuable tool to evaluate foot pain.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Foot , Pain , Pain Measurement , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Cowpea seeds (Vigna ungiculata) are widely cultivated by poor farmers in Latin America and Africa and are often severely damaged by the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus. A proteinaceous inhibitor of cowpea weevil digestive enzymes, PpAI, was purified from white sucupira seeds (Pterodon pubescens) and biochemically characterized in this study. Proteins were extracted from seeds and precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 100% saturation. This fraction was applied onto a Red-sepharose CL-6B column, and the retained peak showed 70% inhibitory activity toward larval C. maculatus digestive alpha-amylases. The retained peak was then purified using an analytical reversed-phase HPLC column. Purified PpAI showed 65% inhibitory activity against larval C. maculatus enzymes. Enzymatic assays also showed that the purified P. pubescens inhibitor was unable to reduce the activity of mammalian alpha-amylases, suggesting specificity toward insect enzymes. Moreover, artificial seeds containing PpAI were able to reduce larval weight by 36% and cause 55% mortality. Mass spectrometry and SDS-PAGE analyses indicated that PpAI showed a molecular mass of approximately 5.0 kDa. This alpha-amylase inhibitor, coming from a native Cerrado plant, could be used to construct a genetically engineered cowpea with enhanced resistance against weevil pests.
Subject(s)
Enzyme Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Fabaceae/chemistry , Weevils/enzymology , alpha-Amylases/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Biological Assay , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Female , Male , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o papel do psicodramatista, que, em sua prática de intervenção profissional com grupos, pode ser também pesquisador. Ser pesquisador, nesta perspectiva, não significa desenvolver projetas acadêmicos específicos, voltados para a construção do conhecimento e vinculados a pressupostos científicos tradicionais. A discussão do texto, de outro modo, possibilita considerar como psicodramatista pesquisador o profissional que articula a prática à teoria, assumindo a responsabilidade de ser sujeito ativo na construção permanente do conhecimento. Uma das formas de conhecimento do psicodrama, vale destacar, é a própria dramatização que, apesar de ser seu principal diferencial, ainda carece muito de investigação(AU)
This paper aims to reflecton the roleof the psychodramatist who, in his practiceof professional group interventions, can also act as a researcher. From this perspective, being a researcher does not mean developing specific academic projects focused on the building of knowledge and linked to traditional scientificpresuppositions.The discussion presented in this article allows us to think about the researcher psychodramatistas the professional linking up theory and practice, assuming the responsibility of being actively involved in the continuous building of knowledge. It is worth highlightingt hat one of psychodrama's forms of knowledge is the actual dramatization that, in spite of being its main differential,stilllacks further investigatio(AU)
ABSTRACT
A atuação em um hospital público infantil despertou-me interesse em trabalhar com bebês. Soube da existência do programa de aprimoramento profissional em fonoaudiologia e neonatologia oferecido pela secretaria de estado de saúde junto à fundação de desenvolvimento administrativo (FUNDAP), na unidade de gestão assistencial IV - Hospital Maternidade Leonor Mendes de Barros, após prova dissertativa, análise de curriculum e entrevista,iniciei as atividades em março de 2005. O programa propunha carga horária de 40 horas semanais, divididos em 80% do período de atuação prática e 20% estudos e formação teóricos. A prática do fonoaudiólogo neste hospital se localiza em quatro setores: berçario, alojamento conjunto, ambulatório de prematuros e ambulatório de bebês patológicos.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Cleft Palate , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Speech-Language Pathology , Infant, NewbornABSTRACT
Os autores descrevem caso clínico de paciente com coriocarcinoma em gravidez tubária primitiva. Trata-se de evento de excepcional raridade. Consideraçoes foram feitas sobre o roteiro seguido para o difícil diagnóstico e o atendimento realizado. Tecem consideraçoes, breves, sobre a complexidade habitual para elucidaçao diagnóstica e o tratamento correntemente preconizado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Choriocarcinoma , Pregnancy, Ectopic , Uterine Neoplasms , Choriocarcinoma/diagnosis , Choriocarcinoma/therapy , Pregnancy, Ectopic/surgery , Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnosis , Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Neoplasms/therapyABSTRACT
Avaliou-se a efetividade de um programa supervisionado de motivação e instrução de higiene e fisioterapia bucal no tocante ao controle de placa bacteriana e gengivite marginal em crianças da faixa etária de sete a doze anos, usando aparelho ortodôntico removível e/ou fixo. Esses pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos. O grupo experimental formado de trinta e oito crianças, recebeu instruções individuais quanto ao método de higienização, sendo examinados e motivados periodicamente. As vinte e cinco crianças do grupo controle foram orientadas para uma escovação correta; porém sem que nenhuma tentativa fosse feita para mudarem seus hábitos, sendo também, avaliadas periodicamente. A evolução das condições de saúde bucal foi mensurada por meio de índices de placa e gengivite marginal e papilar, durante um período de oito meses,. Verificou-se no grupo experimental uma redução dos índices de placa e gengivite, de 100 por cento e 88,6 por cento, respectivamente enquanto que no grupo controle observou-se uma redução de 74,6 por cento e 78,9 por cento, respectivamente. O controle da placa e da gengivite foi mais eficiente nos pacientes que receberam instruções e motivações periodicas, notando-se diferença estatisticamente significante a partir da 3ª consulta. Esses resultados demonstram que a placa bacteriana e a doença periodontal podem ser controladas adequadamente pelo paciente que se submete ao tratamento ortodôntico. Além disso, a técnica de escovação orientada e supervisionada periodicamente é mais eficaz no controle da placa e da gengivite do que a escovação habitual, em pacientes com aparelho ortodôntico