Feeding therapy in a neurotypical child with feeding difficulties: A case report.

A feeding therapy developed in Brazil integrates aspects from diverse approaches and has increasingly been acknowledged as an adjunctive approach for addressing childhood feeding difficulties. In children, problems with eating are a common issue that affects their nutritional well-being, health, and overall quality of life, and can greatly hinder their social, emotional, and physical growth. In the realm of pediatrics, feeding therapy uses food and nutritional education, interactive games, and activities tailored to age groups and individualized treatment plans. The primary objective is to transform mealtime experiences and gradually foster children's acceptance of previously rejected foods. However, this treatment approach is new and recent in Brazil and lacks studies that explore and elucidate the topic. Therefore, this report aims to describe the follow-up and effects of feeding therapy in a 3-y and 8-mo-old neurotypical male patient with feeding difficulties who underwent feeding therapy conducted by a dietitian over a period of 19 wk. The feeding therapy consisted of 45-min sessions once a week in which food and nutrition education activities, games, and interactive activities, personalized according to the treatment plan, were carried out. The effects of feeding therapy were evaluated according to the patient's feeding progression throughout the sessions and their stepwise progress in the eating hierarchy. Based on our observations, the findings of this study suggest that feeding therapy practiced in Brazil can be a viable treatment approach for addressing feeding difficulties within this population. The feeding therapy originated in Brazil stands out from traditional nutritional care with its nurturing and compassionate approach that prioritizes respect for the child.

Family Separation at the US and Mexico Border Continues.

Record-breaking levels of asylum seeking by families with young children continue at the United States/Mexico border, particularly the Rio Grande Valley sector. In this Commentary, our aim is to increase awareness by providing child and adolescent mental health care providers with an update on current migrant conditions, bringing to light issues of family separation previously highlighted in the Journal.1 For context, our international group has collected data, via 3 large-scale studies funded by the National Institutes of Health, from more than 600 Latinx immigrants seeking asylum at the US/Mexico border in the last 4 years, during which levels of violence, climate disruption, and poverty in the Northern Triangle of Central America (ie, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras) and Mexico have propelled high and sustained levels of asylum seeking in the United States. We contribute expertise in clinical psychology, Latinx psychology, attachment disruption, and public health, as well as this front-row perspective.

Alterations in executive functions in inmates convicted for violent behavior: a systematic review.

Background: The growth of the prison population and the high recidivism rates of inmates represent a major public safety problem. Objective: This systematic review explored executive functions in inmates convicted of violent behavior compared with inmates convicted of non-violent behavior and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: Systematic searches were carried out using five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Embase) until March 6th, 2023. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, two reviewers independently performed the screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment of the 8 studies included. The protocol of this study was registered in Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), under registration number CRD42021252043. Results: Consistently, inmates convicted of violent behavior exhibited a greater alteration in inhibition than inmates convicted of non-violent behavior (four out of four studies) and HCs (two out of two studies). In addition, inmates convicted of violent behavior showed greater impairments in cognitive flexibility (two out of three studies) and working memory (two out of three studies) than HCs. Although with limited evidence (only one study), they also showed worse performance in set shifting and planning than HCs. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of alterations in inhibition in inmates convicted of violent behavior compared to inmates convicted of non-violent behavior and HCs. Even though inmates convicted of violent behavior showed greater impairments in planning and set shifting than HCs, these findings were supported in only one study. In general, more robust evidence is needed to confirm alterations in inmates convicted due to violent behavior. These findings highlight the importance of designing and promoting specific cognitive interventions that contribute to the reintegration of inmates into society. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021252043, identifier CRD42021252043.

Interpretación de gases arteriovenosos. Una guía práctica. Revisión de tema / Interpretation of arteriovenous gases. A practical guideline. A review

La evaluación del estado ácido base y de la oxigenación de un paciente es fundamental en cualquier escenario clínico, sea en consulta externa, en un servicio de urgencias, hospitalización, en cirugía o en la unidad de cuidado intensivo. El conocimiento de las bases fisiopatológicas es de suma importancia para el entendimiento y adecuada interpretación de estas condiciones. El objetivo de esta revisión es proveer las bases de conocimiento necesarias para el abordaje adecuado de los gases arteriovenosos y proponer un modelo para la compresión e interpretación de estos. Este artículo aborda las bases fisiopatológicas de las alteraciones ácido base, los modelos existentes en su compresión, el modelo propuesto para su abordaje diagnóstico, sus diagnósticos diferenciales, el enfoque de la hipoxemia, la interpretación de los gases arteriovenosos y las variables que se pueden obtener de estos, el enfoque de la acidosis láctica y unos ejemplos del modelo propuesto.

The evaluation of the acid-base status and the oxygenation of a patient is fundamental in any clinical setting, be it in an outpatient clinic, in an emergency service, hospitalization, in surgery or in the intensive care unit. Knowledge of the pathophysiological bases is of the utmost importance for the understanding and adequate interpretation of these conditions. The objective of this review is to provide the necessary knowledge for the adequate understanding of arteriovenous gases and to propose a model for their comprehension and interpretation. This article addresses the pathophysiological bases of acid-base disorders, the existing models in their comprehension, the model proposed for their diagnostic approach, their differential diagnoses, the diagnostic approach to hypoxemia, the interpretation of arteriovenous gases and the variables that can be obtained from them, the diagnostic approach of lactic acidosis and some examples of the proposed model.

Actinomyces in the mediastinum. Surprise is key in all art.

Introduction: Actinomycosis is an unusual chronic granulomatous infectious disease. They are commensals in various sites of the human body but with little pathogenicity. Actinomyces israelii is the most prevalent species but more than 30 species have been described. Infection of the lower respiratory tract is unusual, the involvement of mediastinum being even rarer. Case report: A 63-year-old man, previously healthy and living in a rural area, presented with a 5-month history of hemoptysis, pleuritic pain, weight loss, and night sweats. Community-acquired pneumonia with a mediastinal mass was documented, for which he received antibiotic management. Thoracoscopy was carried out for diagnosis and resection of the mediastinal mass due to inconclusive findings in the percutaneous biopsy. Pathology reported the presence of filamentous Gram-positive bacteria visible in Grocott staining. Due to the pathology findings, and the fact that no other infectious agents were identified, a diagnosis of actinomycosis was established. Treatment with oral amoxicillin 1g TID for 6 months was initiated. Conclusions: As far as we are aware, we present the sixth case of mediastinal actinomycosis. We present this case to bring attention to this rare but clinically relevant presentation to be considered as a differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses and to emphasize the need for specific anaerobic cultures to improve the diagnostic yield.

Hafnia alvei pneumonia: from bees to human beings.

INTRODUCTION: Hafnia alvei is an enterobacteria that is a common inhabitant of the gastrointestinal flora of bees, birds, fish, and mammals. In humans this enterobacteria has been recovered from the oropharynx and the gastrointestinal tract but it has been rarely reported as a pathogen and usually identified as hospital-acquired enterobacteria. CASE REPORT: We describe a case of a 57-year-old woman, previously healthy, with a 7-day history of cough with brown sputum, sudden onset of chills, subjective fever, malaise, and pleuritic pain in the right hemithorax. A diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was suspected and empiric antibiotic treatment was started. However, the patient showed no response and developed hemoptysis. A diagnosis of CAP by Hafnia alvei was confirmed with bronchoalveolar lavage and the patient was treated with i.v. cefepime 2 g TID with a good response. CONCLUSIONS: We presented a case of community-acquired pneumonia by Hafnia alvei in a previously healthy patient that, as far as our knowledge reaches, is the third reported case of CAP secondary to this pathogen.

Lemierre's syndrome by Bacillus circulans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococcus aureus with involvement of the internal and external jugular vein.

INTRODUCTION: Lemierre's syndrome refers to the septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, secondary to a pharyngeal infection. Although it mainly affects the internal jugular vein, isolated cases have been described of involvement of the external jugular vein. The main etiological agent is Fusobacterium necrophorum. CASE REPORT: A 27-year-old male, previously healthy, presented with a 7-day history of sore throat and fever. He was diagnosed with Lemierre's syndrome, coinfection by Bacillus circulans, F. nucleatum and Staphylococcus aureus with an atypical presentation due to the involvement of the external jugular vein and the internal jugular vein. CONCLUSIONS: As far as we are aware, we present the first case of Lemierre's syndrome with these characteristics.

Subarachnoid racemose neurocysticercosis with cerebellar involvement: an old friend in an infrequent location?

Taenia solium is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system and it can cause parenchymal or extra-parenchymal lesions. Subarachnoid cysticercosis is a type of extra-parenchymal infection in which the prevalence is not known and racemose NC with cerebellar involvement has been rarely reported. The diagnosis is challenging because of its similarity to other infectious diseases or to subarachnoid involvement of systemic malignancies. Treatment usually requires cysticide drugs, however, there are no randomized studies concerning the anti-parasitic treatment in subarachnoid NC. We present a case of racemose NC in the cerebellar hemisphere to draw attention to this pathology, endemic in many parts of the world; and highlight all the current gaps in our understanding of this entity.

Enfermedad de Behçet frente a la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Diferencias en la presentación clínica / Behçet's disease compared with inflammatory bowel disease. Differences in their clinical presentation

Resumen La enfermedad de Behçet es una enfermedad poco frecuente con un compromiso sistémico cuyas principales manifestaciones abarcan el sistema gastrointestinal, neurológico, vascular y articular, además de la piel y los ojos. Por su compromiso multisistémico, es frecuente confundirlo con otras entidades como la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, con la cual comparte gran parte de su presentación clínica, por lo que se describe un caso clínico y se aborda una revision narrativa desde el punto de vista epidemiológico de las manifestaciones clínicas con el fin de tener un mayor conocimiento para identificarla a tiempo.

Abstract Behçet's disease is a rare disease with systemic involvement whose main manifestations include the gastrointestinal, neurological, vascular, and articular systems, as well as the skin and eyes. Due to its multisystemic nature, it is often mistaken for other entities such as inflammatory bowel disease since they share multiple characteristics in their clinical presentation. A clinical case is described, and an epidemiological review of clinical manifestations is discussed to have better knowledge that allow identifying it on time.

Produção, sociabilidade e tecnologia na relação pessoa-alimento / Production, sociability and technology in the person-food's relation / Producción, sociabilidad y tecnología en la relación persona-alimento / Production, sociabilité et technologie dans la relation personne-nourriture

Este ensaio objetiva discutir aspectos psicossociais que configuram um campo relacional com os alimentos e os processos associados ao cultivo, produção, comercialização, preparo e consumo alimentar. Comer na sociedade contemporânea é um fazer complexo: a escolha do que consumir está culturalmente orientada por processos políticos/tecnológicos/afetivos que se expressam na sociedade global. Neste contexto, é fundamental ter em conta os atravessamentos do capitalismo contemporâneo e sua parcela nas condições de produção subjetiva que, no campo potencialmente interdisciplinar da alimentação, se mostra para além de uma interpretação da nutrição pela égide do biológico.

This essay aims to discuss psychosocial aspects that shape a relational field with foods and processes associated with cultivation, production, commercialization, preparation and food consumption. Eating in contemporary society is a complex doing: choosing what to consume is culturally oriented by political / technological / affective processes that express themselves in the global society. In this context, it is fundamental to take into account the crossings of contemporary capitalism and its share in the conditions of subjective production that, in the potentially interdisciplinary field of food, shows beyond an interpretation of nutrition by the aegis of the biological.

Este ensayo objetiva discutir aspectos psicosociales que configuran un campo relacional con los alimentos y los procesos asociados al cultivo, producción, comercialización, preparación y consumo alimentario. Comer en la sociedad contemporánea es un hacer complejo: la elección de lo que consumir está culturalmente orientada por procesos políticos / tecnológicos / afectivos que se expresan en la sociedad global. En este contexto, es fundamental tener en cuenta los efectos del capitalismo contemporáneo y su parcela en las condiciones de producción subjetiva que, en el campo potencialmente interdisciplinario de la alimentación, se muestra más allá de una interpretación de la nutrición por la égida de lo biológico.

Cet essai a pour but de discuter des aspects psychosociaux qui façonnent un champ relationnel avec les aliments et les processus associés à la culture, à la production, à la commercialisation, à la préparation et à la consommation d'aliments. Manger dans la société contemporaine est une tâche complexe: choisir ce qu'il faut consommer est culturellement orienté par des processus politiques / technologiques / affectifs qui s'expriment dans la société mondiale. Dans ce contexte, il est fondamental de prendre en compte les croisements du capitalisme contemporain et sa part dans les conditions de la production subjective qui, dans le domaine potentiellement interdisciplinaire de l'alimentation, montre audelà d'une interprétation de la nutrition par l'égide du biologique.

Food and nutritional security of families assisted by the Bolsa Família cash transfer program in primary health care / Segurança alimentar e nutricional de famílias beneficiárias do programa Bolsa Família na atenção básica

The Bolsa Família cash transfer program advocates access to health and monitoring the nutritional status of the families attended. Considering this, this study sought to estimate the nutritional status of children under five years and the Food Security level of families assisted by the cash transfer program, Bolsa Família (PBF), in three Family Health Units (FHU) in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil and its association with socioeconomic variables. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2012 with 101 families registered in the PBF with children under five years from three FHUs. Data collection was taken by a socioeconomic questionnaire, anthropometric assessment and application of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA). Were performed descriptive analyses and chi-square tests. Food insecurity frequency was 89.1%; 4.5% and 9.1% of children had short stature and overweight/obesity, respectively. The food insecurity was associated with low maternal education. A high frequency of food insecurity was found; thus, this study has contributed to stimulating food and nutrition surveillance of this population in the FHUs studied

O programa Bolsa Família preconiza o acesso a saúde e o monitoramento da situação nutricional das famílias atendidas. Considerando isto, este estudo buscou estimar o estado nutricional de crianças menores de cinco anos e o nível de segurança alimentar e nutricional das famílias assistidas pelo Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) em três Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) de Porto Alegre e verificar sua associação com variáveis socioeconômicas. Estudo transversal realizado em 2012 com 101 famílias cadastradas no PBF com crianças menores de cinco anos de três USFs. A coleta se deu por meio de questionário socioeconômico, avaliação antropométrica e aplicação da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA). Foram realizadas análises descritivas e teste do qui-quadrado. A frequência de insegurança alimentar foi de 89,1%; sendo que 4,5% e 9,1% das crianças apresentaram baixa estatura e sobrepeso/obesidade, respectivamente. A insegurança alimentar foi associada à baixa escolaridade materna. Encontrou-se uma elevada frequência de insegurança alimentar, tendo a pesquisa contribuído para estimular a realização da vigilância alimentar e nutricional desse público nas USFs estudadas

Nosocomial diarrhea: Trauma center health professionals' knowledge and practice / Diarreia nosocomial: conhecimentos e práticas de profissionais de um Hospital de Pronto Socorro

The occurrence of diarrhea in critically ill patients is frequent, regardless of the cause of initial admission to the IntensiveCare Unit (ICU). Nosocomial diarrhea may have important clinical and economic implications. It's proper handlingdepends on correct diagnosis and recording. The aim of the present study was to verify the knowledge concerningthe concept of diarrhea of health professionals working in the ICUs of a Trauma Center. This is a cross-sectional studyconducted in July 2016 with 89 professionals, those being 18 nurses, 41 nurse technicians and 30 nursing assistantsworking in ICUs. Workers on leave or vacation were excluded. Participants answered a self-administered questionnairecontaining 12 objective questions. Descriptive statistical analyses of absolute and relative frequencies were performedusing SPSS 21.0 software. Most of the employees were between 51 and 60 years old and worked mostly at night.Only 60% of health professionals correctly identified diarrhea and 31% of professionals do not consider the numberof evacuations to classify diarrhea. A third reported completing the full medical record of bowel movements in thechart set in the patients' bed and (3%) received training on the subject within the institution. It was observed thatthe knowledge of these professionals was similar to those of the other studies, but still not satisfactory. The situationrepresents an important factor for the super- or under-diagnosis of this disease and consequent complications, arguingfor the potential that continuing education has to contribute for clinical practice qualification

A ocorrência de diarreia em pacientes criticamente enfermos é frequente, independente da causa de admissão inicial à Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo (UTI) e pode ter importantes implicações clínicas e econômicas. O seu manejo adequado depende de correto diagnóstico e registro. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o conhecimento sobre o conceito de diarreia dos profissionais de enfermagem que trabalham em UTIs de um Hospital de Pronto Socorro. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em julho de 2016 com 89 profissionais, sendo 18 enfermeiros, 41técnicos e 30 auxiliares de enfermagem que trabalham UTIs. Foram excluídos trabalhadores em licença ou férias. Os participantes responderam um questionário auto-aplicável contendo 12 questões objetivas. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas de frequências absolutas e relativas, utilizando o software SPSS 21.0. A maioria dos funcionários tinha idade entre 51 e 60 anos e trabalhava à noite. Apenas 60% dos profissionais de saúde identificaram corretamente diarreia e 31% dos profissionais não consideram o número de evacuações para a sua classificação. Um terço referiu preencher de forma completa o registro das evacuações no prontuário fixado no leito dos pacientes, e a minoria (3%)recebeu treinamento sobre o tema no âmbito da instituição. Observou-se que o conhecimento destes profissionais foi semelhante aos dos outros estudos, porém ainda pouco satisfatório. A situação representa um fator importante para o super, ou sub diagnóstico deste agravo e consequentes complicações, demonstrando o potencial que a educação permanente tem para contribuir na qualificação da pratica clínica

PET-Redes de atenção à saúde indígena: além dos muros da universidade, uma reflexão sobre saberes e práticas em saúde / PET-Health/Networks for indigenous people: beyond the university, a reflection on knowledge and health practices / PET-Salud/Redes para los pueblos indígenas: más allá de los muros de la universidad, una reflexión sobre los saberes y las prácticas en salud

Trata-se de trabalho realizado a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e fundamentação crítica da vivência e reflexão de uma estudante de psicologia, bolsista do programa PET-Saúde/Redes, sobre o primeiro ano do projeto PET-Saúde/Redes de Atenção à Saúde Indígena da Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul/UCRS, na cidade de Porto Alegre. Possui, como ponto de partida, a elucidação sobre a construção das portarias e políticas que deram origem ao projeto, trazendo considerações sobre sua intervenção na atenção à saúde dos povos indígenas presentes no município. A atuação no projeto centralizou-se no esforço de realizar um mapeamento situacional da rede de atenção que atende esses povos no município, bem como identificar seus desafios, potencialidades e entrecruzamentos fundados entre a política indigenista e o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O relato inclui: a utilização de formulações ministeriais, o levantamento de autores contemporâneos que têm debatido a temática, e as contribuições embasadas na análise situacional encontrada no município.

This paper is based on bibliographical research and critical corroboration about the experiences and reflections of a student and her preceptor during the first year of the PET-Health/Networks for indigenous people, sponsored by the Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (UCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. We clarify the laws and politics that started the project, and reach conclusions about the implementation of the public healthcare network for indigenous people living in Porto Alegre. During the first year, efforts were focused on mapping the health care network for this population and identifying the challenges, possibilities, and interactions between indigenous policies and public healthcare. This account includes authors who debate this subject and contributions from their points of view, based on what was found about these reflections in the city of Porto Alegre.

Ese es un estudio de investigación bibliográfica y fundamentación crítica de vivencias y reflexión de una estudiante de psicología, becaria del programa PET-Salud/Redes, sobre el primer año del proyecto PET-Salud/Redes de Atención de la Salud Indígena de la Universidad Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (UCRS). Posee como punto de partida la elucidación sobre la construcción de las resoluciones y políticas que originaron el proyecto, trayendo consideraciones sobre su intervención en la atención a la salud de los indígenas presentes en el municipio de Porto Alegre. La actuación del proyecto enfocó sus esfuerzos en realizar un mapeo situacional de la red de atención que atiende a los pueblos del municipio, identificando sus desafíos, potencialidades y entrecruzamientos fundados entre la política indigenista y el Sistema Único de Salud Brasileño (SUS). El relato incluye la utilización de formulaciones ministeriales, la pesquisa de autores contemporáneos que han debatido la temática y las contribuciones basadas en el análisis situacional encontrado en el municipio sobre dichas reflexiones.

Prueba piloto para la elaboración perfil epidemiológico de discapacidad en el municipio de Madrid (Cundinamarca) / Pilot test for the development of the health profile of disability in the Madrid Municipality (Cundinamarca) / Prova piloto para a elaboração do perfil epidemiológico de deficiência no município de Madrid (Cundinamarca)

A pesar de los esfuerzos para implementar estrategias que permitan determinar la frecuencia de discapacidad en Colombia, aún persisten problemáticas metodológicas y de recolección de la información. Lo anterior implica una necesidad creciente de implementar sistemas de vigilancia en salud pública en los que la discapacidad sea considerada como una condición de interés. En alianza con el Centro Ambulatorio Gustavo Escallón Cayzedo-Madrid Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (Cagec) y la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social del municipio de Madrid (Cundinamarca), se diseñó una guía metodológica y una ficha de recolección de información para la población con discapacidad, bajo los lineamientos de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y la Salud (CIF). Objetivo: Implementar una prueba piloto que permita fijar los criterios necesarios para la definición del perfil epidemiológico de discapacidad en el municipio de Madrid, Cundinamarca. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, articulado al proyecto de investigación Identificación de los factores relacionados con la inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad del municipio de Madrid (Cundinamarca), que permitió establecer los criterios para el uso de la ficha epidemiológica diseñada por el grupo investigador con el fin de determinar las características del perfil epidemiológico de discapacidad en el municipio. Resultados: 57 personas con discapacidad que asistieron a los servicios de rehabilitación del Cagecy de los programas sociales de la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social del municipio de Madrid, Cundinamarca, fueron vinculadas al estudio. Las variables que permiten describir el perfil epidemiológico de discapacidad incluyen la edad [promedio 39,9; desviación estándar (DE)13,9], escolaridad, empleo y estrato socioeconómico (entre 1 y 3). Conclusiones: A partir de los resultados del estudio, se evidencia la necesidad de implementar metodologías rigurosas para el registro y análisis de la información relacionada con discapacidad. La guía y el instrumento para la recolección de datos se ajustan a las consideraciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se requieren investigaciones adicionales para garantizar validez externa y representatividad desde perspectivas poblacionales.

Despite the efforts to implement strategies that allow to determine the frequency of disability in Colombia, still persists methodological issues and collection of information. The previous, involves an increasing need to implement systems of surveillance in public health in which disability is considered a condition of interest. In alliance with the Ambulatory Center Gustavo Escallón Cayzedo of the Foundation Santa Fe de Bogotá and the Office of Social Development of the municipality of Madrid (Cundinamarca), a methodological guide and an index card of collection of information for the population with disability were designed, under the contours of the International Classification of the Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Objective: To implement a pilot that will defined the necessary criteria for the definition of the epidemiological profile of disability in the municipality of Madrid, Cundinamarca. Materials and methods: a descriptive study was conducted, articulated to the project of investigation identification of the factors related with the social inclusion of the people with disability of the municipality of Madrid (Cundinamarca). This study allowed to establish the criteria for the use of the index epidemiological card designed by the researcher group with the goal to determine the characteristics of the epidemiological profile of disability in the municipality. Results: 57 people with disability that assisted to the services of rehabilitation of the Foundation Santa Fe de Bogotá and of the social programs of the Office of Social Development of the municipality of Madrid, Cundinamarca, were linked to the study. The variables that allow to describe the epidemiological profile of disability include: the age (average 39,9 S.D.13,9), schooling, employment and socioeconomic stratum (between 1 and 3). Conclusions: From the results of the study, it is evident the need to implement rigorous methodologies for the registration and analysis of the information related with disability. The guide and the instrument for the recollection of data is adjusted to the considerations of the World Health Organization. Further investigations are required to guarantee external validity and representativeness from populational perspectives.

A pesar dos esforços para implementar estratégias que permitam determinar a frequência de deficiência na Colômbia, ainda persistem problemáticas metodológicas e de recoleção da informação. O anterior implica uma necessidade crescente de implementar sistemas de vigilância em saúde pública nos que a deficiência seja considerada como uma condição de interesse. Em aliança com o Centro Ambulatório Gustavo Escallón Cayzedo (Madrid) Fundação Santa Fe de Bogotá (CAGEC) e a Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Social do município de Madrid (Cundinamarca), criou-se uma guia metodológica e uma ficha de recoleção de informação para a população com deficiência, sob os lineamentos da Classificação Internacional do Funcionamento da Deficiência e a Saúde (CIF). Objetivo: implementar uma prova piloto que permita definir os critérios necessários para a definição do perfil epidemiológico de deficiência no município de Madrid, Cundinamarca. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se um estudo descritivo, articulado ao projeto de pesquisa "Identificação dos fatores relacionados com a inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência do município de Madrid (Cundinamarca)", que permitiu estabelecer os critérios para o uso da ficha epidemiológica criada por o grupo pesquisador com o fim de determinar as características do perfil epidemiológico de deficiência no município. Resultados: 57 pessoas com deficiência que assistiram aos serviços de reabilitação do cagec e dos programas sociais da Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Social do município de Madrid, Cundinamarca, foram vinculadas ao estudo. As variáveis que permitem descrever o perfil epidemiológico de deficiência incluem a idade (média de 39,9 D.E.13, 9), escolaridade, emprego e estrato socioeconómico (entre 1 e 3). Conclusões: A partir dos resultados do estudo, evidencia-se a necessidade de implementar metodologias rigorosas para o registro e análise da informação relacionada com a deficiência. A guia e o instrumento para a recoleção de dados ajustam-se às considerações da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Requerem-se pesquisas adicionais para garantir validez externa e representatividade desde perspectivas populacionais.

Estudio bibliométrico de la revista rehabilitación psychology en los años 2006 a 2012 / Bibliometric study of the journal "Rehabilitation Psychology", from 2006 to 2012

Este estudio presenta un análisis bibliométrico de la revista Rehabilitation Psychology con el objetivo de identificar la evolución y las características de la producción del conocimiento en esta área de la psicología durante los últimos seis años, se propone retroalimentar a una comunidad científica que trabaja en diversidad e inclusión con respecto al estado de desarrollo del campo de la psicología de la rehabilitación. Se analizaron 318 artículos correspondientes a la totalidad de documentos publicados en formato electrónico entre los años 2006 y 2012. Los resultados mues-tran indicadores bibliométricos que incluyen indicadores métricos de productividad por países, instituciones, profesiones y autor (de acuerdo con la ley de lotka), así como una categorización rigurosa del contenido temático de la revista. Los resultados son analizados a la luz de la gene-ración y aplicación del conocimiento especializado en el contexto local, así como los discursos vigentes de discapacidad. Finalmente el análisis permite resaltar la necesidad de promover la organización y difusión del conocimiento producido en el campo de la psicología de la rehabili-tación en Colombia dentro de un marco para la inclusión social

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the Rehabilitation Psychology review, with the objective of identifying the evolution and the characteristics of the production of knowledge in this area of the psychology during the last six years, the purpose is to feedback the scientific com-munity that works in diversity and inclusion with respect to the state development of this field of study of Psychology Rehabilitation. 318 items corresponding to all papers published in electronic format were analyzed in the years between 2006 and 2012. The results showed a bibliometric indi-cator which included metrics of productivity for countries, institutions, professions and authors (according to the Lotka law), the same way a rigorous categorization of the thematically content of the review. The results are analyzed through the light of the generation and application of specialize knowledge in a local context, as well as diverge disability speeches. Finally highlight the need to promote the systematization and diffusion of knowledge produced in the field of psychological rehabilitation in Colombia in a framework of inclusion.

[The "Bolsa Família" family grant scheme: the interface between professional practice and the human right to adequate food and nutrition]. / Programa Bolsa Família: a interface entre a atuação profissional e o direito humano a alimentação adequada.

The Human Right to Adequate Nutrition must be ensured through the public policies included in SAN, namely the Food and Nutritional Security campaign. Besides the income transfer geared to ensuring access to basic social rights, the "Bolsa Família" Program (PBF) is included in this context. This study seeks to analyze the operational aspects of the PBF and also ascertain whether or not the health professionals see the program as a core element of the SAN public policy. With this in mind, semi-structured interviews were conducted with primary healthcare workers involved directly both with the PBF and with the families who receive this benefit. By the end of the study, it was possible to perceive the importance of training health professionals who work in this area, because when one dissociates the social reality in which the beneficiaries live from the program objectives, this can lead to the simple mechanization of these practices. In this respect, it should be stressed that health professionals need to understand the proposals of the program as political and social strategies which, in addition to providing immediate relief, strive to overcome the problems related to poverty and hunger.

Programa Bolsa Família: a interface entre a atuação profissional e o direito humano a alimentação adequada / The "Bolsa Família" family grant scheme: the interface between professional practice and the human right to adequate food and nutrition

O Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada deve ser garantido através de políticas públicas de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN). Nesse contexto está inserido o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF), que, além da transferência de renda, visa a garantia de acesso aos direitos sociais básicos. Este estudo objetiva analisar a operacionalização do PBF e, consequentemente, o entendimento dos profissionais de saúde a respeito do programa, enquanto eixo estruturante da política pública de SAN. Para isso, realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores da atenção primária, envolvidos diretamente, tanto com o PBF, quanto com as famílias que recebem este beneficio. Ao final do estudo, foi possível evidenciar a importância da formação dos profissionais que atuam nessa área, pois, ao desconectar a realidade social em que os beneficiários estão inseridos, dos objetivos do programa, colabora-se para a simples mecanização dessas práticas. Nesse sentido, aponta-se que os profissionais de saúde precisam entender as proposições do programa como estratégias político-sociais, as quais, para além do alívio imediato, visam a superação dos problemas relacionados à pobreza e à fome.

The Human Right to Adequate Nutrition must be ensured through the public policies included in SAN, namely the Food and Nutritional Security campaign. Besides the income transfer geared to ensuring access to basic social rights, the "Bolsa Família" Program (PBF) is included in this context. This study seeks to analyze the operational aspects of the PBF and also ascertain whether or not the health professionals see the program as a core element of the SAN public policy. With this in mind, semi-structured interviews were conducted with primary healthcare workers involved directly both with the PBF and with the families who receive this benefit. By the end of the study, it was possible to perceive the importance of training health professionals who work in this area, because when one dissociates the social reality in which the beneficiaries live from the program objectives, this can lead to the simple mechanization of these practices. In this respect, it should be stressed that health professionals need to understand the proposals of the program as political and social strategies which, in addition to providing immediate relief, strive to overcome the problems related to poverty and hunger.

The usefulness of self-generation to improve learning and memory in Spanish-speaking individuals with traumatic brain injury from Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of self-generation on learning and memory in Spanish-speaking individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHOD: Thirty Spanish-speaking individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI and 31 healthy controls were recruited to read 32 individual sentences and required to remember the last word in each sentence. Target words were presented both in a self-generated and provided condition for each participant. Recall and recognition of the words were examined immediately, after 30 minutes and after 1 week. RESULTS: Findings indicated that both healthy controls and individuals with TBI showed significantly better recall and recognition for words in the generated condition than words that had been provided to them at immediate, 30-minute and 1-week time intervals. CONCLUSION: The self-generation technique effectively improves learning and memory in Spanish-speaking individuals with TBI. Results should encourage researchers and clinicians to use the principles of cognitive psychology to adapt (as opposed to simply translate) cognitive rehabilitation protocols for use in Spanish-speaking populations with neurological conditions.

Neuropsicología del trauma craneoencefálico en Cali, Colombia / Traumatic brain injury neuropsychology in Cali, Colombia / Neuropsicologia do traumatismo cranioencefálico em Cali, na Colômbia

Objetivo: realizar un análisis comparativo entre un grupo control y pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico (TCE) para determinar si existen diferencias neuropsicológicas a los seis meses de evolución y así orientar programas de intervención acordes con las necesidades de esta población. Materiales y métodos: se evaluó un total de setenta y nueve pacientes con antecedente de TCE con mínimo de seis meses de evolución y setenta y nueve sujetos en grupo control, el cual presentó una escolaridad promedio de once años frente a nueve años del grupo de TCE; ambos grupos con una media de treinta y cuatro años de edad, sin antecedentes neurológicos y/o psiquiátricos. La media del Glasgow en el grupo de TCE se ubicó en un rango moderado con una puntuación de once. Se aplicó la evaluación neuropsicológica breve en español Neuropsi a los dos grupos. Resultados: los grupos muestran diferencias significativas (p ≤ 0,05) en las tareas de orientación, atención, memoria, lenguaje, lectura y escritura. Conclusiones: el TCE deja secuelas neuropsicológicas significativas, aun seis meses después de ocurrido el evento traumático. Estos hallazgos sugieren que los pacientes con TCE requieren de tratamiento después de superar la etapa inicial.

Objetive: comparative analysis between control group and patients with TBI to determine whether there neuropsychological differences at 6 months of evolution, to guide timely intervention commensurate with the needs of this population. Materials and methods: a total of 79 patients with a history of TBI with a minimum of 6 months of evolution and 79 control subjects were evaluated. Both groups with a mean age of 34 and without previous neurological or psychiatric disorders and an average schooling of 11 years for the control group and 9 years for the TBI group. The Glasgow Coma Scale in the TBI group was classified as moderate with 11 points. The Brief Neuropsychological Evaluation in Spanish Neuropsi was applied to both groups. Results: significant differences (p≤0.05) in the tasks of orientation, attention, memory, language, reading and writing were found. Conclusions: TBI generates significant neuropsychological changes, even six months after discharge from the health service. It suggests that patients with head injury require treatment after overcoming the initial stage.

Objetivo: realizar uma análise comparativa entre um grupo controle e pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico, TCE, para determinar se existem diferenças neuropsicológicas aos seis meses de evolução e assim orientar programas de intervenção conforme com as necessidades desta população. Materiais e métodos: avaliou-se um total de setenta e nove pacientes com antecedente de TCE com um mínimo de seis meses de evolução e setenta e nove pessoas em grupo controles, que apresentou uma escolaridade média de onze anos frente a nove anos do grupo de TCE; ambos os grupos com uma média de trinta e quatro anos de idade, sem antecedentes neurológicos ou psiquiátricos. A média de Glasgow no grupo de TCE localizou-se em uma distância moderada com uma pontuação de onze. Aplicou-se a avaliação neuropsicológica breve em espanhol Neuropsi aos dois grupos. Resultados: os grupos mostram diferenças significativas (p≤0,05) nas tarefas de orientação, atenção, memória, linguagem, leitura e escrita. Conclusões: o TCE deixa sequelas neuropsicológicas significativas, ainda seis meses depois de acontecido o evento traumático. Estas descobertas sugerem que os pacientes com TCE requerem de tratamento depois de superar a etapa inicial.

Associação entre a qualidade de vida das mães e o estado nutricional de seus filhos / Association between mothers' quality of life and infants' nutritional status

OBJETIVO: Verificar associações entre a qualidade de vida das mães e o estado nutricional de seus filhos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle com mães de crianças com idade entre zero e cinco anos, moradoras da área de abrangência de uma unidade básica de saúde, no município de Porto Alegre. O cálculo de tamanho amostral foi estimado em 152 mães, sendo 76 mães com filhos em risco nutricional/desnutrição (casos) e 76 mães com filhos eutróficos (controles). Foram coletadas informações referentes à qualidade de vida das mães, medida através do instrumento da Organização Mundial da Saúde, e analisada a associação entre a qualidade de vida materna e o estado nutricional de seus filhos. RESULTADOS: Em relação ao domínio psíquico, para cada criança eutrófica cuja mãe tem baixa qualidade de vida existe uma chance de 5,4 crianças em risco nutricional/desnutrição com mães em igual condição. No domínio ambiental, para cada criança eutrófica cuja mãe tem baixa qualidade de vida existe uma chance de 2,9 crianças em risco nutricional/desnutrição com mães em igual condição. Em relação ao nível educacional, para cada criança eutrófica cuja mãe tem baixa qualidade de vida existe uma chance de 4,2 crianças em risco nutricional/desnutrição com mães em igual condição. CONCLUSÕES: A baixa qualidade de vida materna mostrou-se associada ao risco nutricional/desnutrição infantil e pode ser um fator de risco para o estado nutricional dos filhos.

OBJECTIVE: Determine associations between the quality of life of mothers and the nutritional status of children. METHODS: case-control study involving 152 mothers of children aged zero to five years, living in the coverage area of a basic health unit in the city of Porto Alegre. The calculation of sample size was estimated as 152 mothers - 76 mothers with children at nutritional risk/malnutrition (cases) and 76 mothers with eutrophic children (controls). Information was collected regarding the quality of life of mothers, measured by the instrument of the World Health Organization, and the association between maternal quality of life and nutritional status of children was examined. RESULTS: In relation to the psychiatric realm, for each eutrophic child whose mother has lower quality of life there is a chance of 5.4 children at nutritional risk/malnutrition with mothers in the same condition. In the environmental field, for each eutrophic child whose mother has lower quality of life there is a chance of 2.9 children at nutritional risk/malnutrition with mothers in the same condition. Regarding educational level, for each eutrophic child whose mother has lower quality of life there is a chance of 4.2 children at nutritional risk/malnutrition with mothers in the same condition. CONCLUSIONS: Mothers' low quality of life was associated with an infant in nutritional risk/malnutrition and may be a risk factor for the nutritional status of children.