Summary of new distribution records for mosquito species in the United States and Canada for the period 1981-99.

In order to elucidate the recent spread of mosquito species in the United States and Canada, a summary of new records for states and provinces has been prepared to include those reported mostly from 1981 to 1998, although some records before 1989 are also given. We are reporting 132 new records for 58 species of mosquitoes.

Keys for the identification of the mosquitoes of Greece.

Keys to the adult females and 4th instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Greece are presented. In all, 53 species in 7 genera are included. Also, Aedes albopictus is added because of the potential for its introduction into Greece.

Description of the pupa of Aedes pseudotaeniatus (Giles) (Diptera: Culicidae).

The pupal stage of Aedes pseudotaeniatus (Giles) is described for the first time. Collections of this species were made in the Himalayan Kingdom of Nepal. Group E of subgenus Finlaya is discussed.

A survey and bibliography of the mosquito fauna of Mexico (Diptera: Culicidae).

A revised list of the mosquito species known to occur in Mexico contains 20 genera, 37 subgenera, and 225 species. Several supraspecific categories have been described and species reassigned since the last list was published in 1956. Based on present knowledge, there are 29 species that are known only from Mexico. Eight species are deleted from the Mexican fauna. An extensive bibliography is included.

Notes on the mosquitoes of Nepal. IV. Results of the 1994 collecting in the Midwestern Region, including new country records and voucher confirmation (Diptera, Culicidae).

During 1994, field studies were conducted in the Midwestern Region of Nepal. Two camps were located in the "inner terai," low mountain valleys between the Churia Range and the Mahabarat Lekh. A third camp was in the mountains at Jumla. Visits were made to 2 high mountain sites, Simikot, Humla District, and Rara National Park. The result from all these sampling sites was the recovery of 6 new country records, 5 in the genus Aedes and 1 in the genus Heizmannia. Some mosquitoes in the Nepal checklist had no voucher specimens. Locality data are given for 9 of these. Biodata on another species that is quite rare in Nepal are given.

A revised checklist of the mosquitoes of Guatemala including a new country record, Psorophora cyanescens.

A newly erected genus, Isostomyia, a recently described subgenus, Phenacomyia, of Culex, and 15 species have been added to the mosquito fauna of Guatemala since the last checklist was published by Clark-Gil and Darsie (1983); therefore a revised list is included. One of the additions is Psorophora cyanescens, a new country record for Guatemala. Its presence in Mexico and Central America is reviewed.

New country records for mosquito species in Greece.

A study of the literature and mosquito collections in Greece has yielded 3 species that have not been recorded from Greece. They are Aedes annulipes, Aedes berlandi, and Culex pusillus. Notes on their recognition and geographic distribution are also given.

New mosquito records for South Carolina.

Two species of mosquitoes, Mansonia dyari and Orthopodomyia alba, are reported for the first time in South Carolina. Collection data and identification characters are included.

Key characters for identifying Aedes bahamensis and Aedes albopictus in North America, north of Mexico.

Aedes bahamensis, a species recently introduced into southern Florida represents the first member of the subgenus Howardina to be found in the United States. Its separation from all other Nearctic Aedes is the subject of this work, integrating it into the North American mosquito keys (Darsie and Ward 1981). The key revisions presented are expanded to include the other exotic species now found in the United States, Aedes albopictus.

New state mosquito records for Vermont including a checklist of the mosquito fauna.

Collections of mosquitoes in Vermont during 1980 and 1989 have resulted in 9 new state records, including species of Psorophora and Wyeomyia for the first time. A checklist of all species occurring in the state is also given.

Anopheles neomaculipalpus, first record for Guatemala.

Anopheles neomaculipalpus is being confirmed in Guatemala for the first time, based on adult females and larvae collected in distinctly different parts of the country. Habitat data are also given.

Review of new Nearctic mosquito distributional records north of Mexico, with notes on additions and taxonomic changes of the fauna, 1982-89.

During the past 7 years, 24 species of Nearctic mosquitoes have had extensions to their known distribution in the form of 32 new state and province records in the United States and Canada. They are included in this report along with relevant references. Additionally, 3 new United States country records have been established, 3 species have had name changes, a new species of Anopheles and sibling species of another anopheline have been described. Details of these occurrences are covered.

New mosquito records for Nepal.

Thirteen mosquito species of the genera Aedes, Culex, Mimoyia and Uranotaenia are reported from Nepal for the first time. Taking into account taxonomic changes, 70 species of culicine (i.e., non-anopheline) mosquitoes are now known from Nepal.

Arbovirus isolations from mosquitoes collected during and after the 1982-1983 epizootic of western equine encephalitis in Argentina.

Mosquitoes were collected in Santa Fe and Rio Negro provinces, Argentina, in 1982-1983 during a western equine encephalitis (WEE) epizootic. Totals of 153,084 mosquitoes from Santa Fe Province and 484 from Rio Negro Province were tested for virus in 2,351 pools. Seventeen virus strains were isolated, all from Santa Fe collections, as follows: 4 WEE, 6 Venezuelan equine encephalitis, 1 St. Louis encephalitis, 2 Antequera, 1 Maguari, 1 Melao, 1 new vesiculovirus (Calchaqui), and 1 Gamboa. The WEE virus isolates were from Aedes albifasciatus, Anopheles albitarsis, Mansonia species, and Psorophora pallescens. Collections during the spring and summer (1983-1984) following the epizootic yielded 49,707 mosquitoes from Santa Fe, 15,961 from Rio Negro, and 2,019 from Chubut provinces. Twenty-two virus strains were isolated, all from Santa Fe mosquitoes, as follows: 3 strains of SLE virus and 19 strains of Turlock (TUR) virus. All but one of the TUR virus isolates appear to have come from mosquitoes that engorged on a viremic chicken following entry into a bait trap. The vector relationships of each virus isolated during and after the WEE epizootic are discussed.

The identification of Aedes albopictus in the Nearctic region.

An introduced, breeding population of Aedes albopictus has been established in Harris County, Texas, and several parishes in Louisiana. The problem of its identification and separation from the indigenous Nearctic mosquito fauna is addressed. Using the keys of Darsie and Ward (1981), the author offers suggested inserts which will accomplish the identification of adult females and larvae in the Nearctic Region. Additional pointers are given for distinguishing albopictus from the 2 common container breeders, Ae. aegypti and Ae. triseriatus.

Trials with portable screen rooms modified for use as animal-baited net traps for mosquito collection.

Trials in Larimer County, Colorado during July and August 1984, with recreational screen rooms modified as large animal-baited mosquito traps are described. The two units tested are free-standing, portable and require no external support. In all-night trials, 462.5 mosquitoes/trap night were captured with horse bait compared with 367/trap night with CDC light traps. In 2-hour evening comparisons, mosquitoes collected per trapping period totalled 416 for horse-bait traps, 132 for light traps, and 93 for human-bait traps. Animal-baited screen rooms offer an alternative to existing methods for mosquito surveillance.

The use of an animal-baited net trap for collecting mosquitoes during western equine encephalitis investigations in Argentina.

A large net trap was used to sample mosquito populations attracted to horses at three sites each in Santa Fe and Rio Negro Provinces, Argentina, during the austral summer of 1984. These provinces, as well as others in Argentina, were affected by a severe epizootic of western equine encephalitis (WEE) during 1982-83. Totals of 2,752 and 6,929 mosquitoes were collected in Santa Fe and Rio Negro Provinces during five and three trap nights, respectively. Culex mosquitoes of the subgenus Culex were predominant (45.8% of total) in the Santa Fe collections, although Aedes albifasciatus also was prevalent (21.7%). The latter species was predominant (95.7% of total) in the Rio Negro collections. The mosquito fauna was less complex (minimum of 6 species) in Rio Negro Province as compared to Santa Fe Province (minimum of 18 species). The advantages of the net trap indicate that this trap can become a useful tool in arbovirus ecology studies in other areas.

A revised list of the mosquitoes of North Dakota, including new additions to the fauna.

An up-to-date list of the mosquitoes known to occur in North Dakota is given. It includes 38 species in 8 genera. Aedes hendersoni, Ae. melanimon, and Culiseta minnesotae are being reported for the first time. In addition, 6 other species that probably belong to the state's fauna are discussed.

Distribution of microfilariae in Guatemalans with onchocerciasis.

Ten Simulium ochraceum were allowed to feed at 10 different sites on 12 Guatemalans with onchocerciasis, and skin snips were taken from six of these sites. Numbers of microfilariae (mff) ingested by the flies and mff emerging from skin snips were highly correlated and showed that concentrations were greatest on the torso and decreased peripherally. S. ochraceum ingested the number of mff present in 1.0 mg or under 1.5 mm2 of skin. Numbers of mff in skin snips from the head, shoulder and upper arm correlated with over-all levels of infection but were frequently negative in subjects with light infections. Two or more skin snips were best able to detect and quantify infections.