ABSTRACT
Introduction: With current technology, ultrasound imaging in remote conditions, such as the International Space Station, is performed with vocal guidance or using a teleoperated echograph controlled by an expert. Both methods require real-time communications between the novice operator and expert to locate the probe over the appropriate acoustic windows (AW). The current study presents the development and testing of a new augmented reality software (Echo-QR) that would allow novice operators (with no medical imaging background) to correctly locate the ultrasound probe over the AW of interest without expert assistance. Methods: On the first day of the study, the positions of the probe over the AWs were identified for each organ by an expert sonographer and saved in the Echo-QR software. On the second day, the novices independently performed the ultrasound investigation using the Echo-QR software to correctly position the probe over each organ's AW. Results: Using the Echo-QR software, novice operators found the AW in 73 (92%) of the 79 organs. The 2D images acquired by the novices "2D direct image" were acceptable for medical evaluation in 41% of the cases. However, when the "2D direct image" did not show the entire organ, a 3D capture of the volume below the probe was also performed, which allowed for the extraction of the appropriate 2D image "2D/3D image" for medical evaluation in 85% of the cases. Discussion: Therefore, in the absence of real-time communication between an isolated participant and an expert sonographer, novel software (Echo-QR) and automated 3D volume capture can be used to obtain images usable for ultrasound diagnostics.