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1.
BMJ Open ; 14(7): e079292, 2024 Jul 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39089716

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: There is limited information regarding the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (AE) following antiretroviral therapy (ART) in women. So, this review aimed to describe the incidence of AE of ART in women living with HIV/AIDS. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, Lilacs and Who Index, from inception to 9 April 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials with at least 12 weeks of follow-up and evaluated AE of ART in women at any age living with HIV/AIDS, without restrictions on status, year or language of publication. We excluded post hoc or secondary analyses and open-label extensions without comparator, and trials involving pregnant or breastfeeding women or with a focus on coinfection with tuberculosis, hepatitis B or C. The primary outcomes were the incidence rate of participants with any clinical and/or laboratory AE related or not to ART and treatment discontinuation. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using Cochrane's risk of bias tool 2. We used Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis to summarise event rates. Results were presented as event rates per 1000 person-years (95% credibility intervals, 95% CrI). The pooled incidence rate per 1000 person-years adjusted for duration and loss to follow-up was estimated. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 24 339 studies were identified for screening, of which 10 studies (2871 women) met the eligibility criteria, with 11 different antiretrovirals (ARVs) regimens. Seven studies included exclusively women, while in the remaining three, the proportion of women ranged from 11% to 46%. Nine studies received industry funding. The pooled analysis showed a mean incidence rate of ART-related clinical and laboratory AE of 341.60 events per 1000 person-years (95% CrI 133.60-862.70), treatment discontinuation of 20.78 events per 1000 person-years (95% CrI 5.58-57.31) and ART-related discontinuation of 4.31 per 1000 person-years (95% CrI 0.13-54.72). Summary estimates were subject to significant uncertainty due to the limited number of studies and sparse data. The certainty of the evidence was graded as very low for all outcomes assessed. CONCLUSION: Existing randomised trials do not provide sufficient evidence on the incidence rates of safety outcomes from antiretroviral treatment in women living with HIV/AIDS. Large comparative studies in well-characterised populations are needed to provide a more comprehensive landscape of the safety profile of these ARV therapies in women with HIV/AIDS. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021251051.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Humans , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Incidence , Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology
2.
BMJ Open ; 12(2): e057094, 2022 02 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35210346

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS is associated with adverse events (AEs). However, little is known about the differences in the risk of AEs between women and men living with HIV/AIDS. This study aims to determine (1) whether there are sex differences in the risk of AEs in people with HIV/AIDS treated with ART and (2) the prevalence of AEs to the reproductive system and bone mineral density in women. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This systematic review (SR) will include randomised trials evaluating ART in people living with HIV/AIDS with at least 12 weeks of duration follow-up. Searches will be conducted in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, Lilacs, trial registries and grey literature databases, without restriction on publication status, year of publication and language. The primary outcome will be the risk of ART discontinuation or drop-outs/withdrawals of ART due to AEs and the number of any treatment-emergent AE. The secondary outcomes are the incidence of serious clinic or laboratory (grade 3 and/or 4) treatment-emergent AEs, hospitalisation, death and AEs specific to the reproductive system and bone mineral density (osteoporosis, osteopenia and fractures) of women. Selection, data extraction and quality assessment will be performed by pairs of reviewers. Cochrane collaboration tools will be used to assess the risk of bias. If appropriate, a meta-analysis will be conducted to synthesise results. The overall quality of the evidence for each outcome will be determined by the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The results of this SR will assist the formulation of public policies aimed at the management and monitoring of AEs of ART in people living with HIV/AIDS. A deliberative dialogue will be scheduled with the Department of Chronic Conditions and Sexually Transmitted Infections of Brazil's Ministry of Health to align the project with policymakers' interests. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021251051.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV Infections , Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects , Bias , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Sex Characteristics , Systematic Reviews as Topic
3.
Codas ; 33(3): e20200044, 2021.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34105615

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluation of content validity of a patient decision aid to help in choosing the feeding route for patients with severe dementia entitled "Making Choices: Feeding Options for Patients with Dementia". METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation involved two independent translations, synthesis of translations, two independent back-translations, their synthesis, and pretest with 30 caregivers. Content validation was based on analyzes of 35 Brazilian specialists (physicians, speech-language therapists and nurses experienced in caring for patients with severe dementia) through measures of content validity index and concordance between multiple judges by Fleiss' kappa. RESULTS: The level of comprehension of the instrument by caregivers in the pretest was almost perfect. The specialists committee considered the contents of the instrument valid, in a statistically significant way. CONCLUSION: The patient decision aid in Brazilian Portuguese entitled "Fazendo escolhas: opções de alimentação para pacientes com demência" obtained evidence of cross-cultural equivalence and content validity for use in the Brazilian population. Further studies are needed to assess its effects on the decision-making process in our population.


OBJETIVO: Realizar adaptação transcultural para o português brasileiro e verificar a validade de conteúdo de um instrumento de apoio à decisão originalmente produzido em língua inglesa (Making Choices: Feeding Options for Patients with Dementia), para auxiliar a escolha da via de alimentação de pacientes com disfagia por demência em estágio grave. MÉTODO: Foi realizada a adaptação transcultural com duas traduções independentes do instrumento original, síntese das traduções, duas retrotraduções independentes, nova síntese e pré-teste com 30 cuidadores para produção da versão final em língua portuguesa. A validação de conteúdo da versão final foi realizada com a análise por um comitê de 35 especialistas (médicos, fonoaudiólogos e enfermeiros brasileiros com experiência no manejo de pacientes com demência em estágio grave) e baseada no índice de validade de conteúdo e na concordância entre múltiplos avaliadores pelo kappa de Fleiss. RESULTADOS: O nível de compreensão do instrumento pelos cuidadores foi adequado em todas as suas seções e seu conteúdo foi considerado válido pelo comitê de especialistas, de forma estatisticamente significativa. CONCLUSÃO: O instrumento produzido de apoio à decisão para a escolha da via de alimentação em pacientes com demência grave e disfagia, denominado "Fazendo escolhas: opções de alimentação para pacientes com demência" obteve evidências de equivalência transcultural e de validade de conteúdo para uso na população brasileira. Novos estudos são necessários para avaliar seus efeitos sobre o processo de tomada de decisão em nossa população.


Subject(s)
Cross-Cultural Comparison , Dementia , Brazil , Decision Support Techniques , Humans , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires , Translations
4.
Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol. (Online) ; 21(2): 232-242, Apr.-Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-958900

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To evaluate whether the use of a support tool for shared decision-making in the choice of feeding method for patients with severe dementia can benefit the patient/caregiver dyad, and to evaluate the quality of the decision-making process. Method: A search was performed in the Medline, LILACS, IBECS, SciELO, WHOLIS databases for randomized controlled trials, whether double-blind or otherwise, and quasi-experimental, cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional observational studies in Portuguese, Spanish, English and French. Results: Eight articles were found that showed that the use of a decision support tool, as an aid for the shared decision-making method, is beneficial as it reduces decisional conflict and increases the knowledge of caregivers about the subject. The quality of the decision-making process is unsatisfactory due to the low frequency of discussions between caregivers and the health team and the poor evaluation of caregivers about the participation of the team in the decision-making process. Conclusion: Decision support tools provide benefits for caregivers/patients undergoing the difficult task of deciding about feeding methods. Findings suggest that the current quality of decision-making is inadequate.


Objetivos: Avaliar se o uso de instrumento de apoio para decisão compartilhada na escolha da via de alimentação em pacientes com demência em estágio grave traz benefício para a díade paciente/cuidador e avaliar a qualidade do processo decisório. Método: Busca nas bases de dados Medline, LILACS, IBECS, SciELO, WHOLIS por ensaios clínicos randomizados duplo cegos ou não, estudos quase-experimentais, observacionais de coorte, caso-controle ou transversais nos idiomas português, espanhol, inglês e francês. Resultados: Obtidos oito artigos que mostraram que o uso de apoio à decisão como método auxiliar de decisão compartilhada traz benefício, pois reduz o conflito decisional e aumenta o conhecimento dos cuidadores sobre o assunto. A qualidade do processo decisório é insatisfatória devido à baixa frequência das conversas entre cuidadores e equipe de saúde e a má avaliação dos cuidadores sobre a participação da equipe no processo decisório Conclusão: O instrumento de apoio à decisão compartilhada traz benefícios para cuidadores/pacientes submetidos à difícil tarefa de decidir a via de alimentação. Os achados sugerem que a atual qualidade do processo decisório é inadequada.


Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Decision Support Techniques , Decision Making , Dementia
5.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 31(3/4): 42-46, jul.-dez. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-452608

ABSTRACT

Foram pesquisados aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais, terapêuticos e epidemiológicos em pacientes com leptospirose grave internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Método: estudo retrospectivo em 52 prontuários, do período de maio de 1995 a agosto de 1999, de pacientes com sorologia positiva para leptospirose durante intemação na UTI. Resultados: quarenta e três (82,7%) eram do sexo masculino e 9(17,3%) mulheres. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 31,08 anos. Destes 67,6% tinham menos de 35 anos. O tempo de permanência foi menor que 10 dias em 39(75%) pacientes. Houve uma incidência maior no primeiro trimestre (51%). Evoluíram com disfunção respiratória 65,3% dos pacientes. Desenvolveram disfunção hematológica 94,2%, disfunção renal 92,3%, disfunção hepatobiliar 91,6%. Choque 42%, hemoptise 48%, epistaxe 9,6%, hematúria macroscópica 7,7%, hemorragia digestiva baixa (H. 0.8) 5,7%, hemorragia digestiva alta (H.D.A) 3,8%. Registrou 1 hemoperitônio, convulsões em 9,6%. Constatou-se óbito em 23%. A ventilação mecânica (VM) foi necessária em 51,9% (n=27) dos doentes, reposição de derivados sangüíneos em 51,9%, diálise em 42%. A leucocitose e a leucopenia em 75,4% e 9,4%, respectivamente e desvio à esquerda em 100% (n=52). O potássio esteve elevado em 30% e abaixo do nornal em 6%. Observou-se anemia severa com HgbI7,0 em 13,6%, plaquetopenia em 82,3%. Conclusões: observou-se predominância significativa de pacientes masculinos e com idade menor que 35 anos contaminados no 10 trimestre. A disfunção mais freqüente foi hematológica, seguida da renal, hepatobiliar e respiratória. O choque é desdobramento importante e a hemoptise foi a forna de exteriorização mais freqüente de hemorragias. Leucocitose com desvio esteve presente em 100% e a plaquetopenia, em 82%, foi o distúrbio mais prevalente na série vennelha. A hiperpotassemia foi 5 vezes mais comum hipopotassemia...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Leptospirosis , Weil Disease , Intensive Care Units , Medical Records
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