Association of platinum-based chemotherapy with live birth and infertility in female survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of platinum-based chemotherapy on live birth (LB) and infertility after cancer, in order to address a lack of treatment-specific fertility risks for female survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer, which limits counseling on fertility preservation decisions. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: US administrative database. PATIENTS: We identified incident breast, colorectal, and ovarian cancer cases in females aged 15-39 years who received platinum-based chemotherapy or no chemotherapy and matched them to females without cancer. INTERVENTION: Platinum-based chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We estimated the effect of chemotherapy on the incidence of LB and infertility after cancer, overall, and after accounting for competing events (recurrence, death, and sterilizing surgeries). RESULTS: There were 1,287 survivors in the chemotherapy group, 3,192 in the no chemotherapy group, and 34,147 women in the no cancer group, with a mean age of 33 years. Accounting for competing events, the overall 5-year LB incidence was lower in the chemotherapy group (3.9%) vs. the no chemotherapy group (6.4%). Adjusted relative risks vs. no chemotherapy and no cancer groups were 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42-0.82) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.51-0.93), respectively. The overall 5-year infertility incidence was similar in the chemotherapy group (21.8%) compared with the no chemotherapy group (20.7%). The adjusted relative risks vs. no chemotherapy and no cancer groups were 1.05 (95% CI 0.97-1.15) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.31-1.53), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer survivors treated with platinum-based chemotherapy experienced modestly increased adverse fertility outcomes. The estimated effects of platinum-based chemotherapy were affected by competing events, suggesting the importance of this analytic approach for interpretations that ultimately inform clinical fertility preservation decisions.

Long-term antimüllerian hormone patterns differ by cancer treatment exposures in young breast cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVE: To compare antimüllerian hormone (AMH) patterns by cancer status and treatment exposures across 6 years after incident breast cancer using administrative data. DESIGN: In a cross-sectional design, AMH levels in patients who developed incident breast cancer between ages 15-39 years during 2005-2019 were matched 1:10 to levels in females without cancer in the OptumLabs Data Warehouse. Modeled AMH patterns were compared among cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy, non-cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy, no chemotherapy, and no breast cancer groups. SETTING: Commercially insured females in the United States. PATIENT(S): Females with and without breast cancer. EXPOSURE(S): Breast cancer, cyclophosphamide- and non-cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): AMH levels. RESULT(S): A total of 233 patients with breast cancer (mean age, 34 years; standard deviation, 3.7 years) contributed 278 AMH levels over a median of 2 years (range, 0-6.7 years) after diagnosis; 52% received cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy, 17% received non-cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy (80% platinum-based), and 31% received no chemotherapy. A total of 2,777 matched females without cancer contributed 2,780 AMH levels. The pattern of AMH levels differed among the 4 groups. Among females without cancer and breast cancer survivors who did not undergo chemotherapy, AMH declined linearly over time. In contrast, among those who received cyclophosphamide-based and noncyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy, a nonlinear pattern of AMH level of initial fall during chemotherapy, followed by an increase over 2-4 years, and then by a plateau over 1-2 years before a decline was observed. CONCLUSION(S): In breast cancer survivors, AMH levels from administrative data supported ovarian toxicity of non-cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy in breast cancer and efficiently depicted the timing and duration of changes in ovarian reserve to reflect the residual reproductive lifespan.

Mental Health Outcomes in Adolescent and Young Adult Female Cancer Survivors of a Sexual Minority.

Purpose: Sexual minority (SM) individuals experience higher rates of anxiety and depression. Previous research on mental health disparities for SM cancer survivors has largely focused on adult survivors; however, studies are limited in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population. This study's objective is to compare depression and anxiety symptoms between AYA, female cancer survivors who identify as an SM and those who identify as heterosexual. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 1025 AYA survivors aged 18-40 years (2015-2017) was performed. Patients self-reported SM identification and depression and anxiety symptoms, as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ8) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD7), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression tested associations between SM identification and depression and anxiety. Results: Sixty-four participants (6%) identified as an SM. In adjusted analyses, SM participants had 1.88 higher odds of anxiety (odds ratio [OR] 1.88, confidence interval [95% CI] 1.05-3.35, p = 0.033) compared with heterosexual participants. SM participants did not have significantly higher odds of depression (OR 1.36, CI 0.75-2.47, p = 0.31). More social support was significantly associated with lower odds of depression (OR 0.91, CI 0.89-0.93, p < 0.001) and anxiety (OR 0.93, CI 0.91-0.94, p < 0.001). Conclusions: AYA cancer survivors identifying as an SM had nearly twice the odds of anxiety, with social support that is protective for both anxiety and depression. While mental health screening is recommended throughout the cancer care continuum, these data support the need for reliable screening, clinician awareness of increased vulnerability in the AYA, SM survivor population, and clinician training on culturally competent care and generation of evidence-based interventions.