Fluorescence-enhanced supra-amphiphiles based on pillar[5]arene: construction, controllable self-assembly and application in cell imaging.

Fluorescence-enhanced supra-amphiphiles based on (WP5)2⊃ENDTn were constructed successfully. When n = 9, they can self-assemble into uniform micelles with an average diameter of about 90 nm and be further applied in cell imaging.

A rapid quantitative UPLC-MS/MS method for analysis of key regulatory oxysterols in biological samples for liver cancer.

An UPLC-APCI-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol(7DHC) and eight oxysterols including 27-hydroxycholesterol, 7α-hydroxycholesterol(7αOHC), 7ß-hydroxycholesterol(7ßOHC), 24S-hydroxycholesterol(24SOHC), 25-hydroxycholesterol(25OHC), 7α,24S-dihydroxycholesterol(7α,24SdiOHC), 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol(7α,25diOHC), and 7α,27-dihydroxycholesterol(7α,27diOHC). It has been used for quantitative analysis of cholesterol, 7DHC and eight oxysterols in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, plasma and tumor tissue samples. And the above compounds were extracted from the biological matrix (plasma and tissue) using liquid-liquid extraction with hexane/isopropanol after saponification to cleave the steroids from their esterified forms without further derivatization. Then cholesterol, 7DHC and oxysterols were separated on a reversed phase column (Agilent Zorbax Eclipse plus, C8) within 8min using a gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in H2O and methanol and detected by an APCI triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the cholesterol, 7DHC and oxysterols ranged from 3.9ng/ml to 31.25ng/ml, and the recoveries ranged from 83.0% to 113.9%. Cholesterol, 7DHC and several oxysterols including 27OHC, 7αOHC and 7ßOHC were successfully quantified in HCC cells, plasma, tissues and urine of HCC mice. Results showed that 27OHC was at high levels in three kind of HCC cells and tumor tissues as well as plasma samples from both HepG2 and Huh7 bearing mice model，and the high levels of 27OHC in tumors were associated with HCC development. Moreover, the levels of cholesterol in HCC cells and tumor issues varied in different HCC cells and mice model. Oxysterols profiling in biological samples might provide complementary information in cancer diagnosis.

Homotypic cell membrane-camouflaged biomimetic PLGA nanoparticle loading triptolide for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Beside early detection, early diagnosis, and early surgery, it is urgent to try new strategies for the treatment of HCC. Triptolide (TPL) has been employed to treat HCC. However, its clinical applications were restricted by the narrow therapeutic window, severe toxicity, and poor water-solubility. In this study, we developed cancer cell membrane-camouflaged biomimetic PLGA nanoparticles loading TPL (TPL@mPLGA) with the homologous targeting property for the treatment of HCC. The TPL@mPLGA was successfully prepared with particle size of 195.5 ± 7.5 nm and zeta potential at -21.5 ± 0.2 mV with good stability. The drug loading (DL) of TPL@mPLGA was 2.94%. After Huh-7 cell membrane coating, the natural Huh-7 cell membrane proteins were found to be retained on TPL@mPLGA, thus endowing the TPL@mPLGA with enhanced accumulation at tumor site, and better anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo when compared with TPL or TPL@PLGA. The TPL@mPLGA showed enhanced anti-tumor effects and reduced toxicity of TPL, which could be adopted for the treatment of HCC.

[An anatomical road map of the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery in lateral and endoscopic ventral approaches].

Objective:To describe the road map of the lateral and endoscopic ventral approaches for the pharyngeal segment of the internal carotid artery, propose a sub-segmentation scheme, systematically and comprehensively understand its anatomical details and relationships with the surrounding structures. Methods:Five fresh cadaveric head specimens（10 sides in total） were dissected through lateral and endoscopic ventral approaches to evaluate the anatomical details of the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery and its relationship with the surrounding structures. Results:From the bifurcation of the common carotid artery to the vertical part of the internal carotid artery, alongside the direction of blood flow, the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery passes through four distinct anatomical tissues. Based on this, the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery can be divided into four sub-segments: nerve, muscle, fascia and osseous sub-segments. The boundaries and important adjacent structures of each segment are described in detail. Conclusion:The anatomical road map of the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery and the sub-segmentation scheme serving as a practical guide to navigate modular endoscopic skull base surgery of the parapharyngeal space while reduce the risk of internal carotid artery injury.

Identification of CXCL13 as a Promising Biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy and PARP Inhibitor Therapy in Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer has poor response rates to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, despite the use of genomic sequencing to identify molecular targets. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a conventional indicator of genomic instability (GI) and has been used as a marker for targeted therapies. Indicators reflecting HRD status have shown potential in predicting the efficacy of ICB treatment. Public databases, including TCGA, ICGC, and GEO, were used to obtain data. HRD scores, neoantigen load, and TMB were obtained from the TCGA cohort. Candidate biomarkers were validated in multiple databases, such as the Imvigor210 immunotherapy cohort and the open-source single-cell sequencing database. Immunohistochemistry was performed to further validate the results in independent cohorts. CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL13 were found to be significantly upregulated in HRD tumors and exhibited prognostic value. A comprehensive analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) revealed that CXCL13 expression positively correlated with neoantigen load and immune cell infiltration. In addition, single-cell sequencing data and clinical trial results supported the utility of CXCL13 as a biomarker for ICB therapy. Not only does CXCL13 serve as a biomarker reflecting HRD status, but it also introduces a potentially novel perspective on prognostic biomarkers for ICB in ovarian cancer.

Better together: nanoscale co-delivery systems of therapeutic agents for high-performance cancer therapy.

Combination therapies can enhance the sensitivity of cancer to drugs, lower drug doses, and reduce side effects in cancer treatment. However, differences in the physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics of different therapeutic agents limit their application. To avoid the above dilemma and achieve accurate control of the synergetic ratio, a nanoscale co-delivery system (NCDS) has emerged as a prospective tool for combined therapy in cancer treatment, which is increasingly being used to co-load different therapeutic agents. In this study, we have summarized the mechanisms of therapeutic agents in combination for cancer therapy, nanoscale carriers for co-delivery, drug-loading strategies, and controlled/targeted co-delivery systems, aiming to give a general picture of these powerful approaches for future NCDS research studies.

[Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in twin preterm infants: a multicenter study]. / åŒèƒŽæ—©äº§å„¿æ”¯æ°”ç®¡è‚ºå‘è‚²ä¸è‰¯å±é™©å› ç´ åˆ†æžï¼šä¸€é¡¹å¤šä¸­å¿ƒç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks, and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020. According to their conditions, they were divided into group A (both twins had BPD), group B (only one twin had BPD), and group C (neither twin had BPD). The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed. Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins. RESULTS: A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of <34 weeks were included in this study. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C, birth weight discordance of >25% between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins (OR=3.370, 95%CI: 1.500-7.568, P<0.05), and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD (P<0.05). The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins (OR=5.017, 95%CI: 1.040-24.190, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age, birth weight discordance between the twins, and SGA birth.

Multifunctional Biomimetic Liposomes with Improved Tumor-Targeting for TNBC Treatment by Combination of Chemotherapy, Antiangiogenesis and Immunotherapy.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) featuring high relapses and metastasis shows limited clinical therapeutic efficiency with chemotherapy for the extremely complex tumor microenvironment, especially angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Combination of antiangiogenesis and immunotherapy holds promise for effective inhibition of tumor proliferation and invasion, while it remains challenging for specific targeting drug delivery to tumors and metastatic lesions. Here, a multifunctional biomimetic liposome loading Gambogic acid (G/R-MLP) is developed using Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) to substitute cholesterol and cancer cell membrane coating, which is designed to increase long-circulating action by a low immunogenicity and specifically deliver gambogic acid (GA) to tumor site and metastatic lesions by homologous targeting and glucose transporter targeting. After G/R-MLP accumulates in the primary tumors and metastatic nodules, it synergistically enhances the antitumor efficacy of GA, effectively suppressing the tumor growth and lung metastasis by killing tumor cells, inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasion, achieving antiangiogenesis and improving the antitumor immunity. All in all, the strategy combining chemotherapy, antiangiogenesis, and immunotherapy improves therapeutic efficiency and prolonged survival, providing a new perspective for the clinical treatment of TNBC.

Abnormal amygdala volume moderates parenting and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with anxiety disorder.

Anxiety disorders (AD) usually onset in childhood or adolescence and are related to brain development and early experiences during this period. As the hub of the fear circuit, the amygdala plays a crucial role in the development of emotional processing, and abnormalities in its structure and function are associated with anxiety disorders. We aim to uncover the amygdala volume's moderation between parenting and anxiety severity in children and adolescents with AD. 129 children and adolescents with anxiety and 135 age- and sex-matched Health controls (HC) using the publicly available Healthy Brain Network (HBN) dataset were included. Anxiety severity was measured using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders Self-report (SCARED-SR) and parenting was measured using the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire Self-Report (APQ-SR). We investigated age-related differences in amygdala volume in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Further, we examined the role of amygdala volume in moderating the association between parental involvement, particularly the maternal involvement, and anxiety symptoms in this population. We found larger bilateral amygdala in the AD group compared with the HC among the age range of 7-12. And increases in amygdala volume tended to negatively moderate the linear relationships between maternal involvement and anxiety symptoms in the AD group. These findings provide new evidence of abnormal brain alteration in children and adolescents with anxiety and may reflect proactive adaptations of adolescent brain development.

Dynamic intrauterine crosstalk promotes porcine embryo implantation during early pregnancy.

Dynamic crosstalk between the embryo and mother is crucial during implantation. Here, we comprehensively profile the single-cell transcriptome of pig peri-implantation embryos and corresponding maternal endometrium, identifying 4 different lineages in embryos and 13 cell types in the endometrium. Cell-specific gene expression characterizes 4 distinct trophectoderm subpopulations, showing development from undifferentiated trophectoderm to polar and mural trophectoderm. Dynamic expression of genes in different types of endometrial cells illustrates their molecular response to embryos during implantation. Then, we developed a novel tool, ExtraCellTalk, generating an overall dynamic map of maternal-foetal crosstalk using uterine luminal proteins as bridges. Through cross-species comparisons, we identified a conserved RBP4/STRA6 pathway in which embryonic-derived RBP4 could target the STRA6 receptor on stromal cells to regulate the interaction with other endometrial cells. These results provide insight into the maternal-foetal crosstalk during embryo implantation and represent a valuable resource for further studies to improve embryo implantation.

Mycobacterial CpsA activates type I IFN signaling in macrophages via cGAS-mediated pathway.

Type I interferon (IFN) production is crucial in tuberculosis pathogenesis, yet the bacterial factors initiating this process are incompletely understood. CpsA, protein of Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, plays a key role in maintaining bacterial virulence and inhibiting host cell LC3-associated phagocytosis. By utilizing CpsA full deletion mutant studies, we re-verified its essential role in infection-induced pathology and revealed its new role in type I IFN expression. CpsA deficiency hindered IFN production in infected macrophages in vitro as well as zebrafish and mice in vivo. This effect was linked to the cGAS-TBK1-IRF3 pathway, as evidenced by decreased TBK1 and IRF3 phosphorylation in CpsA-deficient bacterial strain-infected macrophages. Moreover, we further show that CpsA deficiency cause decreased cytosolic DNA levels, correlating with impaired phagosomal membrane rupture. Our findings reveal a new function of mycobacterial CpsA in type I IFN production and offer insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying mycobacterial infection pathology.

Electron-deficient Co7Fe3 induced by interfacial effect of molybdenum carbide boosting oxygen evolution reaction.

Developing a high-activity and low-cost catalyst to reduce the anodic overpotential is essential for hydrogen production from water splitting. In this work, a hetero-structured Co7Fe3/Mo2C@C catalyst has been developed to efficiently catalyze oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the overpotential (ƞ10) of Co7Fe3/Mo2C@C-catalyzed OER with current density of 10 mA/cm2 is about 254 mV, substantially lower than the counterparts of Co7Fe3@C-catalyzed OER (ƞ10, 308 mV) and Mo2C@C-catalyzed OER (ƞ10, 439 mV), close to that of OER catalyzed by commercial RuO2. The mechanistic studies reveal that the distinct electron transfer across the Co7Fe3/Mo2C interface results in electron-deficient Co7Fe3, which has been identified as the highly active catalytic sites. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations manifest that Mo2C induces a distinct decrease in electron density on Co7Fe3 and upgrades the d-band centers of Co and Fe in Co7Fe3 towards Fermi energy level, thus substantially lowering the energy barrier of the rate-determining reaction step and conferring significantly improved OER activity on the Co7Fe3/Mo2C@C catalyst.

Solitary bone plasmacytoma: Long-term clinical outcomes in a single center.

BACKGROUND: A solitary plasmacytoma is classified into a solitary plasmacytoma of the bone (SBP) and a solitary extramedullary (soft tissue mass) plasmacytoma, based on the site of the lesion. Despite the high local control rate with radiotherapy, approximately half of patients' conditions progress to multiple myeloma (MM) within 3-5 years after diagnosis, with SBP having a worse prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed the treatment and outcomes of patients with SBP in a hospital in China from 2008 to 2021. Twenty-four patients treated over 13 years with SBP were enrolled in this retrospective study. RESULTS: The most common sites for SBP were the axial skeleton and femur. The M protein was detected in 11 patients (46 %), of which 8 (33 %) had light chains, 2 (8 %) had immunoglobulin G kappa and 1 (4 %) had immunoglobulin D kappa. Flow cytometry revealed that 5 patients (21 %) had minimal bone marrow involvement. The treatment included chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy in 18 (75 %), 12 (50 %), and 9 (38 %) patients, respectively, of whom 13 (54 %) received combined treatment. Over a median follow-up period of 67.2 months, 9 patients (38 %) developed MM in a median time of 101.5 months. The 5- and 10-year progression-free survival rates were 67.3 % and 37.4 %, respectively. One patient died due to pneumonia without progression and the other died due to relapse. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the high rate of progression of SBP to MM, indicating a need for adjunct chemotherapy for the management of SBP.

Unlocking the anticancer activity of gambogic acid: a shift towards ferroptosis via a GSH/Trx dual antioxidant system.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a crucial role in ferroptosis by regulating the cellular antioxidant response and maintaining redox balance. However, compounds that induce ferroptosis through dual antioxidant pathways based on Nrf2 have not been fully explored. In our study, we investigated the impact of Gambogic acid (GA) on MCF-7 cells and HepG2 cells in vitro. The cytotoxicity, colony formation assay and cell cycle assay demonstrated potent tumor-killing ability of GA, while its effect was rescued by ferroptosis inhibitors. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed the enrichment of ferroptosis pathway mediated by GA. In terms of ferroptosis indicators detection, evidences for GA were provided including reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, lipid peroxidation induction, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation promotion, iron ion accumulation as well as glutathione (GSH)/thioredoxin (Trx) depletion. Notably, Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and Liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) successfully rescued GA-induced MDA accumulation. In terms of mechanism, Nrf2 was found to play a pivotal role in GA-induced ferroptosis by inducing protein alterations through the iron metabolism pathway and GSH/Trx dual antioxidant pathway. Furthermore, GA exerted good antitumor activity in vivo through GSH/Trx dual antioxidant pathway, and Fer-1 significantly attenuated its efficacy. In conclusion, our findings first provided new evidence for GA as an inducer of ferroptosis, and Nrf2-mediated GSH/Trx dual antioxidant system played an important role in GA-induced ferroptosis.

Research on the cascading mechanism of "urban built environment-air pollution-respiratory diseases": a case of Wuhan city.

Background: Most existing studies have only investigated the direct effects of the built environment on respiratory diseases. However, there is mounting evidence that the built environment of cities has an indirect influence on public health via influencing air pollution. Exploring the "urban built environment-air pollution-respiratory diseases" cascade mechanism is important for creating a healthy respiratory environment, which is the aim of this study. Methods: The study gathered clinical data from 2015 to 2017 on patients with respiratory diseases from Tongji Hospital in Wuhan. Additionally, daily air pollution levels (sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), and ozone (O3)), meteorological data (average temperature and relative humidity), and data on urban built environment were gathered. We used Spearman correlation to investigate the connection between air pollution and meteorological variables; distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to investigate the short-term relationships between respiratory diseases, air pollutants, and meteorological factors; the impacts of spatial heterogeneity in the built environment on air pollution were examined using the multiscale geographically weighted regression model (MGWR). Results: During the study period, the mean level of respiratory diseases (average age 54) was 15.97 persons per day, of which 9.519 for males (average age 57) and 6.451 for females (average age 48); the 24 h mean levels of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and O3 were 78.056 µg/m3, 71.962 µg/m3, 54.468 µg/m3, 12.898 µg/m3, and 46.904 µg/m3, respectively; highest association was investigated between PM10 and SO2 (r = 0.762, p < 0.01), followed by NO2 and PM2.5 (r = 0.73, p < 0.01), and PM10 and PM2.5 (r = 0.704, p < 0.01). We observed a significant lag effect of NO2 on respiratory diseases, for lag 0 day and lag 1 day, a 10 µg/m3 increase in NO2 concentration corresponded to 1.009% (95% CI: 1.001, 1.017%) and 1.005% (95% CI: 1.001, 1.011%) increase of respiratory diseases. The spatial distribution of NO2 was significantly influenced by high-density urban development (population density, building density, number of shopping service facilities, and construction land, the bandwidth of these four factors are 43), while green space and parks can effectively reduce air pollution (R2 = 0.649). Conclusion: Previous studies have focused on the effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases and the effects of built environment on air pollution, while this study combines these three aspects and explores the relationship between them. Furthermore, the theory of the "built environment-air pollution-respiratory diseases" cascading mechanism is practically investigated and broken down into specific experimental steps, which has not been found in previous studies. Additionally, we observed a lag effect of NO2 on respiratory diseases and spatial heterogeneity of built environment in the distribution of NO2.

Leptospira-specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is protective in infected hamsters.

Leptospirosis, a globally significant zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira, continues to threaten the health and public safety of both humans and animals. Current clinical treatment of leptospirosis mainly relies on antibiotics but their efficacy in severe cases is controversial. Passive immunization has a protective effect in the treatment of infectious diseases. In addition, chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) has gained increasing attention as a safe passive immunization agent. This study aimed to investigate whether hens produce specific IgY after immunization with inactivated Leptospira and the protective effect of specific IgY against leptospirosis. First, it was demonstrated that specific IgY could be extracted from the eggs of hens vaccinated with inactivated Leptospira and that specific IgY can specifically recognize and bind homotypic Leptospira with a high titre, as shown by MAT and ELISA. Next, we tested the therapeutic effects of IgY in early and late leptospirosis using a hamster model. The results showed that early specific IgY treatment increased the survival rate of hamsters to 100%, alleviated pathological damage to the liver, kidney, and lung, reduced leptospiral burden, and restored haematological indices as well as functional indicators of the liver and kidney. The therapeutic effect of early specific IgY was comparable to that of doxycycline. Late IgY treatment also enhanced the survival rate of hamsters and improved the symptoms of leptospirosis similar to early IgY treatment. However, the therapeutic effect of late IgY treatment was better when combined with doxycycline. Furthermore, no Leptospira colonization was observed in the kidneys, livers, or lungs of the surviving hamsters treated with specific IgY. Mechanistically, IgY was found to inhibit the growth and adhesion to cells of Leptospira. In conclusion, passive immunotherapy with specific IgY can be considered an effective treatment for leptospirosis, and may replace antibiotics regarding its therapeutic effects.

Effect of ethanol addition on the physicochemical, structural and in vitro digestive properties of Tartary buckwheat starch-quercetin/rutin complexes.

The effects of ethanol on the physicochemical, structural and in vitro digestive properties of Tartary buckwheat starch-quercetin/rutin complexes (e-TBSQ and e-TBSR) were investigated. Ethanol restricted the gelatinization of Tartary buckwheat starch (TBS), which resulted an increase in ∆H, G' and G" as well as a decrease in apparent viscosity of e-TBSQ and e-TBSR. The particle size, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results showed that ethanol influenced the morphological structure of TBS granules and the starch crystalline structure in e-TBSQ and e-TBSR changed from B-type to V-type when the ethanol concentration was 25%. Saturation transfer difference-nuclear magnetic resonance results revealed that ethanol weakened the binding ability of quercetin/rutin to TBS in e-TBSQ and e-TBSR, leading to a change in the binding site on the quercetin structural unit. The residual ungelatinized TBS granules in e-TBSQ and e-TBSR induced a high slowly digestible starch content, and thus displayed a "resistant-to-digestion".

[Advances in clinical anatomy of the transnasal approaches to the parapharyngeal segment of the internal carotid artery].

The intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery located inside the skeleton structure of skull base or inside the skull has clear anatomical landmarks and fixed anatomical structure. However, the parapharyngeal segment of the internal carotid artery located outside the cranial is surrounded by soft tissues, lacks clear and recognizable anatomical landmarks and sometimes has anatomical variation, which is closely related to transnasal endoscopic surgery. Intraoperative accidental injury can lead to serious complications or even death. Currently, clinical anatomical studies related to the parapharyngeal segment of the internal carotid artery under transnasal endoscopic surgery mainly focus on its anatomical variation and anatomical landmarks. This article reviews on these two aspects in order to provide anatomical reference for surgeons to reduce surgical risks during transnasal endoscopic surgery.

Self-Assembled Nanoparticles from Xie-Bai-San Decoction: Isolation, Characterization and Enhancing Oral Bioavailability.

Background: Natural nanoparticles have been found to exist in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoctions. However, whether natural nanoparticles can influence the oral bioavailability of active compounds has not been elucidated. Using Xie-Bai-San decoction (XBSD) as an example, the purpose of this study was to isolate, characterize and elucidate the mechanism of the nanoparticles (N-XBSD) in XBSD, and further to explore whether the bioavailability of the main active compounds could be enhanced by N-XBSD. Methods: N-XBSD were isolated from XBSD, and investigated its characterization and study of its formation mechanism, and evaluation of its ability to enhance bioavailability of active compounds. Results: The N-XBSD was successfully isolated with the average particle size of 104.53 nm, PDI of 0.27 and zeta potential of -5.14 mV. Meanwhile, all the eight active compounds were most presented in N-XBSD. Kukoamine B could self-assemble with mulberroside A or liquiritin to form nanoparticles, respectively. And the FT-IR and HRMS results indicated the possible binding of the ammonium group of kukoamine B with the phenolic hydroxyl group of mulberroside A or liquiritin, respectively. The established UPLC-MS/MS method was accurate and reliable and met the quantitative requirements. The pharmacokinetic behaviors of the N-XBSD and decoction were similar in rats. Most notably, compared to that of free drugs, the Cmax, AUC0-∞, AUC0-t, T1/2 and MRT0-∞ values of index compounds were the higher in N-XBSD, with a slower plasma clearance rate in rats. Conclusion: The major active compounds of XBSD were mainly distributed in N-XBSD, and N-XBSD was formed through self-assembly among active compounds. N-XBSD could obviously promote the bioavailability of active compounds, indicating natural nanoparticles of decoctions play an important role in therapeutic effects.