ABSTRACT
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common form of extraintestinal Escherichia Coli infection (E.coli), and E. coli is the most common cause of UTI.The aim of this paper is to study the uropathogenicity factors for some strains of E.coli involved in the etiology of UTI and the affiliationof urinary E.coli strains to the serogroups involved in the UTI.We studied 208 strains of E. coli from urine samples sterilely collected from patients with clinical suspicion of urinary tract infection.The study was conducted in Emergency County Hospital Craiova between 2012-2014.Out of the 208 strains of E. coli submitted to the study, 60 strains (28.84%) - MRHA with human red cells, 28 strains (13.50%) - MRHA human red cells and blood red cells MSHA with guinea pigs, and 44 strains (21.12%) - MSHA with guinea pig red blood cells; 76 strains (36.54%) - no hemagglutination. Regarding our study, 42,34% of E.coli strains presented human MRHA putting forward their potential to cause pyelonephritits. The 68 hemolytic strains (37,20%) of urinary E. coli were tested for the production of the cytotoxin, thus obtaining characteristic cytotoxic effect for 26 strains (38.20%) whereas its absence was registered in 42 strains (61.80%). E. coli O6 strains isolated from hospitalized adults are more frequently hemolytic than those isolated from the other groups and MRHA was more common in hemolytic strains of the same group O6). Mannose-resistant hemagglutination is more frequent in strains that develop HLy but do not produce CNF(Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor), than in strains producing CNF.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Candida albicans is the most common inhabitant of the skin, mouth, vagina and gastro intestinal tract of human beings. One of the major reasons for the increase in Candida infection is the development of its resistant strains due to drugs used in the treatment of candidiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 4027 samples collected from patients in various wards of the Emergency County Hospital Craiova, Romania between 2014-2015. The specimens were: pharyngeal exsudates, sputum, tracheal secretions, skin secretions, stools, ear secretions, urine, vaginal secretions. All the specimens were transported to the microbiology laboratory and cultured within 3 to 4 h of collection. Among the 4027 samples, 652 showed culture characteristics similar to Candida albicans.The samples were inoculated under sterile conditions using Sabouraud culture media, a medium designed to inhibit bacterial growth and allow the development of fungi. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing was performed by disc diffusion according to CLSI 2014 guidelines using: clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, econazole, amphotericine B, fluorocytozine, nistatin. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In our study group the urocultures and dermatological products have a high infection rate, between 100% to 70%, in contrast, we find evidence of secretion ear (3.13%) and the throat swab (9.33%). Various resistant levels were detected against antifungal drugs but, complete resistance to 5 - Fluorocitozina (100%), and the organisms showed highly sensitive to Cotrimazol si Ketoconazol (100%). In the case of Miconazol 256 (39, 26%), Econazol, 215 (32,98%), Amphotericinei B, 230(35,28%). Nystatin 329 (50,46%). CONCLUSIONSElucidating these mechanisms may provide new foundations for antifungal chemotherapy and can present an exciting challenge for the future investigations. Candida albicans infections are present and diverse clinical pathology.