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Cu-based metal-organic frameworks have attracted much attention for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, but they are generally instable and difficult to control the product selectivity. We report flexible Cu(I) triazolate frameworks as efficient, stable, and tunable electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to C2 H4 /CH4 . By changing the size of ligand side groups, the C2 H4 /CH4 selectivity ratio can be gradually tuned and inversed from 11.8 : 1 to 1 : 2.6, giving C2 H4 , CH4 , and hydrocarbon selectivities up to 51 %, 56 %, and 77 %, respectively. After long-term electrocatalysis, they can retain the structures/morphologies without formation of Cu-based inorganic species. Computational simulations showed that the coordination geometry of Cu(I) changed from triangular to tetrahedral to bind the reaction intermediates, and two adjacent Cu(I) cooperated for C-C coupling to form C2 H4 . Importantly, the ligand side groups controlled the catalyst flexibility by the steric hindrance mechanism, and the C2 H4 pathway is more sensitive than the CH4 one.
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Nasal spray can treat local diseases such as rhinitis, it also plays an important role in the treatment of systemic diseases including vaccine immunity. As a drug-device combination product, spray pattern is often used as the quality indicator of nasal spray to ensure its quality, plume geometry can not only be combined with the spray pattern to evaluate the performance of the nasal spray, but also can predict the deposition of the nasal spray in the nasal cavity. This article systematically reviews the definition and measurement methods of the spray pattern and plume geometry of nasal spray and their correlation with nasal deposition behavior. The measurement parameters of spray pattern and plume geometry are defined. The influence of formulation, device and trigger parameters on spray pattern and plume geometry is clarified. The correlation between various parameters and nasal deposition is analyzed. The measurement parameters are classified according to the size and shape of the spray. Plume angle is closely related to the deposition of drugs in the nasal cavity. Jet-like plume with a smaller plume angle can increase the navigation ability of the nasal spray in the curved anatomical structure of the nasal cavity, which is conducive to increase drug deposition. This makes it possible to increase deposition of the nasal spray in the nasal cavity via appropriately increasing viscosity and thixotropy of the nasal spray formulation. This review provides the theoretical basis for the high quality nasal spray product development.
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Developing efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is important for enhancing the water splitting efficiency. However, with the current catalysts containing one kind of active sites, it is challenging to achieve low overpotentials because of the four-electron transfer process. Herein is reported HZIF-2-CoMo, a new metal-organic framework with well-defined Co-Mo dual sites that can promote the OER process through an unconventional Mo6+/Co2+ dual-site relay mechanism. Theoretical calculations suggested that the Mo and Co sites stabilize the HO* and HOO* intermediates, respectively, and that the unique Co-O-Mo configuration induces the formation of a Co-O*-Mo transition intermediate, remarkably reducing the reaction free energy. As a result, HZIF-2-CoMo shows an overpotential of 277 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a low Tafel slope of 70 mV dec-1 in alkaline solution, making it one of the best OER electrocatalysts reported to date.
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The authors have withdrawn their manuscript whilst they perform additional experiments to test some of their conclusions further. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
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Brachythrapy is a technique to implant radioactive isotype into or near tumors.The obvious properties of brachytherapy are a very high dose distribution of center,and rapid dose attenuation with the increasing of distance.Brachytherapy generally includes three major categories:low dose rate,high dose rate and pulse dose rate.The most significant clinical value of brachytherapy is that it could create dose distribution to tumor tissues,but decreased radiation injury of normal tissues close to tumor.The development of the clinical brachytherapy technique is always involved in the radiobiological characteristics.The basic concepts involving clinical brachytherapy radiobiology mainly includes:dose-rate effect,repair of radiation injury,re-oxygenation,cell cycle redistribution and repopulation.An amount of translational medical approach is needed to guide the application of clinical brachytherapy by exploring the interaction between brachytherapy radiobiology and clinical brachytherapy effect,as well as taking advantage of brachytherapy radiobiological characteristics.The ultimate goal is to improve tumor local control rate,reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions,and improve patients' overall survival.
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The distribution characteristics of the content of As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cd were researched based on the geochemical analysis of 159 surface sediment samples in Haikou Bay, Puqian Bay, Dongzhai Harbor, and Mulan Bay Mathematical statistics methods were used to interpret the sources of heavy metals, and the main controlling factors for heavy metal distribution were confirmed, having been analyzed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. The results showed that the average contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn were 8.40, 0.06, 32.50, 8.32, 0.02, 18.77, and 35.87 µg·g-1, respectively. High contents of Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn are mainly distributed in estuaries and harbors. The content of As increased gradually from south to north in the research area, while Cd gathered mainly in Haikou Bay. The source of Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Cr, and Cd in sediment was terrestrial input, which was controlled by anthropogenic pollution and migration of weathered products from mother rock. The source of As could be overseas material input. The grain size of sediment was the main factor controlling the contents of Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, and Cr, and it was found that sediments with a finer grain size have more heavy metals adsorbed. The high As content was controlled mainly by the natural geological background factor, while the content of Cd reflected the difference in regional pollution caused by differing development in cities. Three surface sediment samples were evaluated as class â ¡ of the National Marine Sediment Standard due to the content of As, while six surface sediment samples were evaluated as class â ¡ due to the content of Cr, of which the pollution degree was moderate. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in all of the 159 sediment samples fall in the â class, of which the pollution degree is low. The degree of pollution for seven heavy metals were arranged in the following order:As > Cr > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd > Hg. The potential ecological risk assessment results indicated that all heavy metals in surface sediment caused low levels of pollution generally, and that each heavy metal element was at a low ecological risk level. The order for the ecological risk of the seven heavy metals was:As > Hg > Cd > Pb > Cu > Cr > Zn; therefore, As was the main ecological risk factor. In general, the potential ecological risk for heavy metals was low, which illustrated that the marine environment in the study area was excellent.
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Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of prognosis in the patients with advanced cervical cancer,and to evaluate the influence of single-agent cisplatin and docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the prognosis of the patients and the security,and to provide the basis for clinical treatment of advanced cervical cancer.Methods:A total of 218 patients with advanced cervical cancer who received the singleagent cisplatin or docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy were enrolled as the subjects.The patients were divided into two groups according to their chemoradiotherapy treatments:single-agent group and docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent group.All the patients had received external beam radiation therapy combined with high-dose rate intracavitary hrachytherapy.A follow-up in 218 patients was performed until January 2017.The information about clinical characteristics including age,tumor diameter,clinical stage,chemotherapy treatments,pathological grade,pathological type,primiparous age and adverse effects after treatment were collected by telephone follow-up,outpatient service and reexamination.The differences in the clinical characteristics of the patients were compared between two groups,the association between the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of the patients was analyzed,and the security of these two treatments was evaluated.Results:There were no statistical differences in the age,tumor diameter,clinical stage,pathological grade,pathological type and primiparous age of the patients between two groups (P＞0.05).The 1-year,3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of 218 patients were 96.33％,76.15％ and 63.76％,respectively.The 5-year OS rate of the patients in docetaxel combined with cisplatin group was higher than that of the patients in single-agent cisplatin group (x2 =8.032,P=0.005).The univariate analysis results indicated that tumor diameter,clinical stage,chemotherapy treatments,and adenocarcinoma were the potential predictive factors (P＜0.05).The Cox regression analysis results showed that clinical stage [stage Ⅲ:P=0.016,HR (95％CI) =1.90 (1.13-3.19) [stage Ⅳ:P＜ 0.001,HR (95％CI) =19.13 (7.84-46.68)],chemotherapy treatments [P=0.009,HR (95 ％CI) =0.54 (0.34-0.86)] and adenocarcinoma pathological type [P=0.021,HR (95％CI) =1.88 (1.10-3.21)] were the prognostic risk factors of the patients,the patients in clinical stage Ⅱ B,received docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy and with pathological types of squamous cell carcinomas had a better outcome.Compared with docetaxel combined with cisplatin group,leucopenia (Z=-2.060,P =0.039) and neutropenia (Z=-2.246,P =0.025) in single-agent cisplatin group were lighter.Conclusion:Clinical stage,chemotherapy treatments and adenocarcinoma were the independently prognostic factors of the patients with advanced cervical cancer.The patients receive docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy have a better prognosis and no severer adverse effects compared with single-agent cisplatin treatment.
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Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of prognosis in the patients with advanced cervical cancer,and to evaluate the influence of single-agent cisplatin and docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the prognosis of the patients and the security,and to provide the basis for clinical treatment of advanced cervical cancer.Methods:A total of 218 patients with advanced cervical cancer who received the singleagent cisplatin or docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy were enrolled as the subjects.The patients were divided into two groups according to their chemoradiotherapy treatments:single-agent group and docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent group.All the patients had received external beam radiation therapy combined with high-dose rate intracavitary hrachytherapy.A follow-up in 218 patients was performed until January 2017.The information about clinical characteristics including age,tumor diameter,clinical stage,chemotherapy treatments,pathological grade,pathological type,primiparous age and adverse effects after treatment were collected by telephone follow-up,outpatient service and reexamination.The differences in the clinical characteristics of the patients were compared between two groups,the association between the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of the patients was analyzed,and the security of these two treatments was evaluated.Results:There were no statistical differences in the age,tumor diameter,clinical stage,pathological grade,pathological type and primiparous age of the patients between two groups (P＞0.05).The 1-year,3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of 218 patients were 96.33％,76.15％ and 63.76％,respectively.The 5-year OS rate of the patients in docetaxel combined with cisplatin group was higher than that of the patients in single-agent cisplatin group (x2 =8.032,P=0.005).The univariate analysis results indicated that tumor diameter,clinical stage,chemotherapy treatments,and adenocarcinoma were the potential predictive factors (P＜0.05).The Cox regression analysis results showed that clinical stage [stage Ⅲ:P=0.016,HR (95％CI) =1.90 (1.13-3.19) [stage Ⅳ:P＜ 0.001,HR (95％CI) =19.13 (7.84-46.68)],chemotherapy treatments [P=0.009,HR (95 ％CI) =0.54 (0.34-0.86)] and adenocarcinoma pathological type [P=0.021,HR (95％CI) =1.88 (1.10-3.21)] were the prognostic risk factors of the patients,the patients in clinical stage Ⅱ B,received docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy and with pathological types of squamous cell carcinomas had a better outcome.Compared with docetaxel combined with cisplatin group,leucopenia (Z=-2.060,P =0.039) and neutropenia (Z=-2.246,P =0.025) in single-agent cisplatin group were lighter.Conclusion:Clinical stage,chemotherapy treatments and adenocarcinoma were the independently prognostic factors of the patients with advanced cervical cancer.The patients receive docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy have a better prognosis and no severer adverse effects compared with single-agent cisplatin treatment.
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Taraxasterol, a pentacyclic-triterpene isolated from Taraxacum officinale, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the protective effects of taraxasterol against cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung inflammation have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of taraxasterol on CS-induced lung inflammation in mice. CS-induced mouse lung inflammation model was used to investigate the protective effects of taraxasterol in vivo. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were used to investigate the protective mechanism of taraxasterol in vitro. The results showed that taraxasterol attenuated CS-induced lung pathological changes, inflammatory cells infiltration, inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ß production. Taraxasterol also up-regulated CS-induced glutathione (GSH) production. In vitro, taraxasterol was found to inhibit CS-induced reactive oxygen species production, recruitment of TLR4 into lipid rafts, NF-κB activation, and IL-8 production. Furthermore, our results showed that antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited CS-induced recruitment of TLR4 into lipid rafts as well as IL-8 production. In conclusion, our results suggested that taraxasterol had protective effects of CS-induced lung inflammation.
Subject(s)
Membrane Microdomains/drug effects , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Smoke/adverse effects , Sterols/pharmacology , Tobacco Products , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Triterpenes/pharmacology , Actins/metabolism , Animals , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology , Chemokines/biosynthesis , Glutathione/metabolism , Humans , Interleukin-8/biosynthesis , Intracellular Space/drug effects , Intracellular Space/metabolism , Male , Membrane Microdomains/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha/metabolism , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Pneumonia/metabolism , Pneumonia/pathology , Protein Transport/drug effects , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Sterols/therapeutic use , Triterpenes/therapeutic useABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of comprehensive therapy of psychological intervention and rehabilitation training on the mental health of the patients with acute stroke. METHODS: A total of 120 patients with acute stroke were randomly divided into trial group and control group. Both groups were given the corresponding drug therapy, medical basic nursing and convention nursing. Besides, psychological intervention and comprehensive rehabilitation training were added to the trial group. SCL-90, Europ stroke scales (ESS) score were assessed with each patient on day 3 for the first time and on day 21 for the second time; Barthel index was assessed on the day 90. RESULTS: After psychological intervention, SCL-90 declined significantly in the trial group comparing with the control group, there were significant differences in the somatization, obsession, depression, anxiety, fear, ESS score, Barthel index and other psychological factors between the trial group and control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive therapy of early psychological intervention and rehabilitation training can significantly improve the mental health, limb movement function, stress ability and activity of daily living on the patients with acute stroke.
Subject(s)
Rehabilitation/methods , Stroke Rehabilitation , Stroke/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Physical Therapy Modalities , Psychological Techniques , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of psychological interventions and drug therapy against peptic ulcer. METHODS: 96 patients with peptic ulcer were divided into control group with Tagamet 800 mg per evening p.o. and trial group with psychological intervention on the basis of drug treatment. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05), the trial group showed that the anxiety and depression cases declined obviously and effective rate of ulcer therapy was much higher than control group. CONCLUSIONS: In sum, psychological intervention combined with drug therapy provides an effective method for ulcer treatment.
Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Anxiety/drug therapy , Cimetidine/therapeutic use , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Depression/therapy , Peptic Ulcer/drug therapy , Adult , Anxiety/pathology , Anxiety/rehabilitation , China/epidemiology , Combined Modality Therapy , Depression/rehabilitation , Female , Gastroscopy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Peptic Ulcer/pathology , Peptic Ulcer/rehabilitation , Psychological Tests , Recurrence , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical effects of comprehensive therapy of psychological intervention and rehabilitation training on the mental health of the patients with acute stroke.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients with acute stroke were randomly divided into trial group and control group. Both groups were given the corresponding drug therapy, medical basic nursing and convention nursing. Besides, psychological intervention and comprehensive rehabilitation training were added to the trial group. SCL-90, Europ stroke scales (ESS) score were assessed with each patient on day 3 for the first time and on day 21 for the second time; Barthel index was assessed on the day 90.@*RESULTS@#After psychological intervention, SCL-90 declined significantly in the trial group comparing with the control group, there were significant differences in the somatization, obsession, depression, anxiety, fear, ESS score, Barthel index and other psychological factors between the trial group and control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Comprehensive therapy of early psychological intervention and rehabilitation training can significantly improve the mental health, limb movement function, stress ability and activity of daily living on the patients with acute stroke.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Physical Therapy Modalities , Psychological Techniques , Rehabilitation , Methods , Severity of Illness Index , Stroke , Stroke Rehabilitation , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the exposure levels of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in workplaces and to analyze the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation on cardiovascular system of occupationally exposed people.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Intensity of electromagnetic fields in two workplaces (control and exposure groups) was detected with EFA-300 frequency electromagnetic field strength tester, and intensity of the noise was detected with AWA5610D integral sound level. The information of health physical indicators of 188 controls and 642 occupationally exposed workers was collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS17.0 statistic software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The intensity of electric fields and the magnetic fields in exposure groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference of noise between two workplaces (P > 0.05). The results of physical examination showed that the abnormal rates of HCY, ALT, AST, GGT, ECG in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). There were no differences of sex, age, height, weight between two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation may have some effects on the cardiovascular system of workers.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Cardiovascular System , Radiation Effects , Case-Control Studies , Electromagnetic Fields , Electromagnetic Radiation , Occupational ExposureABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical effects of psychological interventions and drug therapy against peptic ulcer.@*METHODS@#96 patients with peptic ulcer were divided into control group with Tagamet 800 mg per evening p.o. and trial group with psychological intervention on the basis of drug treatment.@*RESULTS@#There were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05), the trial group showed that the anxiety and depression cases declined obviously and effective rate of ulcer therapy was much higher than control group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In sum, psychological intervention combined with drug therapy provides an effective method for ulcer treatment.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-Ulcer Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Anxiety , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Rehabilitation , China , Epidemiology , Cimetidine , Therapeutic Uses , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Methods , Combined Modality Therapy , Depression , Rehabilitation , Therapeutics , Gastroscopy , Peptic Ulcer , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Rehabilitation , Psychological Tests , Recurrence , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the changes of 2009 FIGO staging system compared with the 1988 FIGO staging system of endometrial carcinoma and evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI staging by the 2009 FIGO criteria.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was performed on 63 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed endometrial carcinoma who were treated by surgery initially from January to December 2009. The diagnostic value of preoperative MRI by the 2009 FIGO staging system was compared with that using the 1988 FIGO system, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the 2009 FIGO staging system of endometrial carcinoma, stage Ia was defined as no or less than half myometrial invasion, which included stage Ia (confined to endometrium) and stage Ib (invasion less than half of the myometrium) of the 1988 FIGO staging system. Stage Ib assessed by the 2009 FIGO system was the same as the stage Ic of 1988 FIGO system, indicating the lesions more than half myometrial invasion. Endocervical glandular involvement only (stage IIa of 1988 FIGO system) was classified as stage I. Positive cytology of ascites (stage IIIa of 1988 FIGO system) was excluded by the 2009 FIGO criteria. Using the 1988 FIGO system, the accuracy of MRI for the evaluation of endometrial carcinoma of stage Ia, Ib, Ic, whole stage I, IIa, IIb, whole stage II, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, whole stage III and IVb were 95.2%, 79.4%, 81.0%, 84.1%, 96.8%, 90.5%, 90.5%, 92.1%, 98.4%, 92.1%, 82.5%, and 98.4%, respectively, while using the 2009 FIGO system, the accuracy of MRI of stage Ia, Ib, whole stage I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, whole stage III and IVb were 88.9%, 81.0%, 88.9%, 92.1%, 98.4%, 98.4%, 92.1%, 88.9% and 98.4%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The 2009 FIGO staging system is simplified on the basis of the 1988 FIGO system. It gives an improved accuracy of MRI in evaluating the stage I to III endometrial carcinoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma , Diagnosis , Pathology , General Surgery , Endometrial Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Pathology , General Surgery , Hysterectomy , International Agencies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methods , Myometrium , Pathology , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Staging , Methods , Preoperative Period , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The gene frequency of 12 characters was reported in Ewenki, Oroqen, Daur, Mongol and Han nationalities in Inner Mongolia, and compared among these nationalities. The result indicated that the difference of Mongoloid fold among nationalities was significant, followed by the Folding tongue, while the difference of Handedness and Nasal profile was relatively insignificant.