[Key recommendations of the clinical guidelines of arterial hypertension in primary care]. / Recomendaciones de la guía de práctica clínica de hipertensión arterial en el primer nivel de atención.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension ranks first medical care in first level units. It is estimated that half of the patients with hypertension are uncontrolled. The purpose of this document is to provide recommendations to guide diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension in primary care, which have been considered key to the process of care, in order to help health professionals in the clinical decision-making. METHODS: The guide is integrated with recommendations of international guidelines and evidence of published studies indicated the changes regarding the management and treatment of hypertension, as well as differences between the target populations of the guide. Searching for information it is performed by means of a standardized sequence in PubMed and Cochrane Library Plus, from the questions asked. The key recommendations were chosen by a consensus of a group of professionals and health managers. CONCLUSIONS: The key recommendations evidence-based standardized help you make decisions about prevention, diagnosis and treatment in patients with hypertension, and will contribute to reducing cardiovascular risk, promote changes in lifestyle, control the disease and reduce complications.

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial (HA) ocupa el primer lugar de atención en unidades médicas de primer nivel. La mitad de los pacientes con HA no están controlados. El objetivo de este documento es proporcionar las recomendaciones de la guía de diagnóstico y tratamiento de HA en el primer nivel de atención que han sido consideradas clave para el proceso de atención, con el fin de ayudar a los profesionales de la salud, en la toma de decisiones clínicas. Métodos: la guía se integró con recomendaciones de guías internacionales y evidencias de estudios publicados que señalaron los cambios ocurridos en el abordaje y tratamiento de la HA, así como las diferencias entre los grupos poblacionales blanco de la guía. La búsqueda de información se realizó por medio de una secuencia estandarizada en Pubmed y Cochrane Library Plus. Las recomendaciones clave se eligieron por consenso de un grupo de profesionales y gestores de la salud. Conclusiones: las recomendaciones clave, basadas en evidencias, ayudarán a tomar decisiones estandarizadas sobre prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento en pacientes con HA, y coadyuvarán a disminuir el riesgo cardiovascular, impulsar cambios en el estilo de vida, controlar la enfermedad y reducir las complicaciones.

Determinants of vaccination after the Colombian health system reform.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of individual, household and healthcare system factors on poor children's use of vaccination after the reform of the Colombian health system. METHODS: A household survey was carried out in a random sample of insured poor population in Bogota, in 1999. The conceptual and analytical framework was based on the Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization. It considers two units of analysis for studying vaccination use and its determinants: the insured poor population, including the children and their families characteristics; and the health care system. Statistical analysis were carried out by chi-square test with 95% confidence intervals, multivariate regression models and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: The logistic regression analysis showed that vaccination use was related not only to population characteristics such as family size (OR=4.3), living area (OR=1.7), child's age (OR=0.7) and head-of-household's years of schooling (OR=0.5), but also strongly related to health care system features, such as having a regular health provider (OR=6.0) and information on providers' schedules and requirements for obtaining care services (OR=2.1). CONCLUSIONS: The low vaccination use and the relevant relationships to health care delivery systems characteristics show that there are barriers in the healthcare system, which should be assessed and eliminated. Non-availability of regular healthcare and deficient information to the population are factors that can limit service utilization.

Determinants of vaccination after the Colombian health system reform

OBJETIVO: Analisar o efeito das características do indivíduo carente, da família e do próprio sistema de atendimento com a utilização da vacinação infantil, após a reforma do sistema de saúde, na Colômbia. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram colhidos numa amostra aleatória de assegurados em agregados familiares de baixo rendimento, em Bogotá, em 1999. O padrão analítico e conceitual utilizado baseou-se no Modelo Comportamental de Utilização de Serviços de Saúde de Andersen. Este considera duas unidades de análise para avaliar a vacinação e seus determinantes: 1) a população carente assegurada, inclusive características das crianças e suas famílias; e 2) o sistema de saúde. As análises estatísticas incluíram o teste do qui-quadrado com intervalo de confiança de 95%, modelos de regressão multivariada e coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: A análise de regressão mostra que a vacinação esteve relacionada com o tamanho da família (OR=4,3), a área da residência (OR=1,7), a idade da criança (OR=0,7) e os anos de escolaridade do chefe de família (OR=0,5). Também esteve relacionada com as características do sistema de saúde, tais como a disponibilidade de posto de atendimento (OR=6,0), e a informação sobre os programas e horários dos serviços de saúde (OR=2,1). CONCLUSÕES: Os baixos níveis de vacinação e a importante relação que existe com o sistema de atendimento mostram barreiras que devem ser avaliadas e resolvidas. A inexistência de postos com atendimento regular e a deficiente informação à população são fatores que podem limitar a utilização dos serviços.