ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: La cetoacidosis en el embarazo es una emergencia médica que requiere tratamiento en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos debido a su asociación con morbimortalidad maternofetal. Las gestantes pueden presentar una forma atípica del cuadro llamada cetoacidosis normoglicémica, siendo muy infrecuente en pacientes sin antecedente de diabetes. Caso Clínico: Se presenta una gestante cursando tercer trimestre de embarazo, sin antecedente de diabetes, ingresada en Unidad de Paciente Crítico debido a neumonía por COVID-19 y acidosis metabólica con anión gap aumentado. Se realizó diagnóstico de cetoacidosis normoglicémica posterior al ingreso, iniciándose tratamiento intensivo de trastorno ácido-base con buena evolución. Conclusión: La infección por SARS-CoV-2 puede causar cetoacidosis normoglicémicas en embarazadas no diabéticas; se requiere una alta sospecha clínica para realizar el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Ketoacidosis in pregnancy is a medical emergency that requires treatment in an intensive care unit due to its association with maternal-fetal morbimortality. Pregnant women may present an atypical form of the condition called normoglycemic ketoacidosis, being very rare in patients with no history of diabetes. Clinical Case: We present a pregnant woman in the third trimester of pregnancy, without history of diabetes, admitted to a critical patient unit due to COVID-19 pneumonia and metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap. A diagnosis of normoglycemic ketoacidosis was made after admission, and intensive treatment of acid-base disorder was initiated, with good evolution. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause normoglycemic ketoacidosis in non-diabetic pregnant women; is required a high clinical suspicion to make the diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Ketosis/etiology , Ketosis/therapy , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , Ketosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Experience in the region shows that in some countries there is very good surveillance of Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in health services, but there is no national data consistently in all countries. Therefore, we set to estimate the total burden of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals in Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, and Colombia using the one-day point prevalence methodology. METHODS: The survey was conducted between June and July 2016. In each ward or unit, HAIs and antimicrobial use data were collected on a single day by a trained team of researchers. Also, for each patient, we collected data on risk factors for infections. RESULTS: One out of ten individuals surveyed had at least one healthcare-associated infection (HAI). Pneumonia and surgical site infections were the most relevant among the surveyed countries. Most of the surveyed participants, regardless of their HAI status, received antibiotics except the individuals managed in Brazil. Carbapenems and third-generation Cephalosporins were among the most frequently used antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Our results add to WHO's recent efforts to understand HAIs prevalence and antibiotic consumption in low and middle-income countries, of which we studied three that were not included in their last report.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Adult , Cross Infection/etiology , Drug Utilization Review , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Hospitals/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Latin America/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Surgical Wound Infection/drug therapy , Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Resumen La placentitis en yeguas ocasionada por bacterias es una de las causas más importantes de abortos, en Colombia no existe evidencia escrita de su presentación. En el presente artículo se reporta el caso de una yegua Silla Francesa de 10 años de edad, que abortó a los 9 meses de gestación y fue atendida en la Clínica Veterinaria San Jorge - Escuela de Equitación Ejército Nacional en Bogotá. La paciente presentó signos de lactancia prematura y se observó engrosamiento de la placenta, además en los hallazgos histopatológicos predominan cambios vasculares (congestión, edema y fibrina) lo que indica una placentitis aguda. En la tinción de Gram de la placenta se encontraron cocobacilos gram negativos adheridos a la superficie de las células de las vellosidades corioalantóicas y entremezclados con el material proteináceo, aparentemente algunos se ubican intracelularmente; asociando estos fenómenos a un proceso infeccioso por posibles enterobacterias (E.coli o Salmonella spp).
Abstract Placentitis in mares caused by bacteria is one of the most important causes of abortions, there aren't any documented cases in Colombia as of yet. In this article, we take a look at a particular case of a "Silla Francesa" mare 10 years of age. The Mare had an abortion at 9 months of gestation and was treated at the Veterinary Clinic San Jorge - Army Equitation School from Bogota. The mare suffered from a premature lactation and presented thickening in the placenta which indicated placentitis, showing signs of vascular changes (congestion, edema and fibrin).In gram staining of placenta, It was found a negative gram coccobacilli adhered to the surface of the chorioallantoic villus cells and mixed with the proteinaceous material, apparently some are located intracellularly, confirming the process of infection potentially due to the presence of enterobacteias. (E.coli or Salmonella sp).
Resumo O placentite em éguas causadas por bactérias é uma das mais importantes causas de abortos, na Colômbia não está escrita a apresentação de provas. Este artigo relata o caso de uma égua cadeira francesa de 10 anos de idade, que o aborto aos 9 meses de gestação e foi tratado na Clínica Veterinária São Jorge - Escola de Equitação do Exército em Bogotá. O paciente apresentou sinais de lactação prematura e espessamento foi observado indicando placentite placenta porque predominantemente alterações vasculares agudas (edema, congestão e fibrina). Na coloração de gram da placenta, cocobacilos gram-negativo foi encontrada aderida à superfície das células das vilosidades corioalantóicas e misturado com o material proteico, aparentemente algumas estão localizadas intracelularmente, o que confirma o processo de potencial infeccioso de enterobactérias (E. coli ou Salmonella sp).
ABSTRACT
It is extremely important to achieve vertical position of the upper jaw in orthognathic surgery. A common method used is measuring distances at surgery using external reference points. Unfortunately, surgeons have been making mistakes when calculating the goal distance of our external reference systems. A possible explanation is that when the author measure the baseline and goal vertical distances, the author usually do not consider the variations produced by the triangulation effect generated due the horizontal or/and transverse movements of the maxilla. A method is proposed to fix this phenomenon in an easy way through the virtual customization of the ERP in computer-assisted surgical simulation. The technique entails creating, in the planning software, the same reference system one will use at surgery. In this virtual system, one measures the difference between the baseline and target distances, and then uses them at surgery.
Subject(s)
Maxilla , Orthognathic Surgery/methods , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods , Humans , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging , Maxilla/surgery , User-Computer InterfaceABSTRACT
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor in humans and the local destruction of tissue that can result from excision has a significant impact on well-being. Treating BCC is costly for health care systems given the high incidence of this tumor, especially in older patients. Standard treatment involves either resection with histologic assessment of margins or Mohs micrographic surgery. Surgery is sometimes contraindicated, however, due to the presence of significant comorbidity or high cosmetic expectations. For such patients, nonsurgical treatments have become available. These alternatives can offer good local control of disease, preserve function, and achieve excellent cosmetic results.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Basal Cell/drug therapy , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Administration, Cutaneous , Aminoquinolines/administration & dosage , Aminoquinolines/therapeutic use , Anilides/adverse effects , Anilides/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Biphenyl Compounds/adverse effects , Biphenyl Compounds/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/etiology , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Fluorouracil/therapeutic use , Humans , Imiquimod , Interferons/therapeutic use , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Photochemotherapy , Pyridines/adverse effects , Pyridines/therapeutic use , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Risk Assessment , Skin Neoplasms/etiology , Skin Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El micetoma es una infección causada por hongos y actinomicetos aeróbicos. Es un padecimiento frecuente en México, con mayor afectación en hombres que en mujeres (3:1). Se caracteriza por aumento de volumen, deformidad del sistio de lesión y formación de fístulas. OBJETIVO: Reportar un caso de actinomicetoma durante el embarazo y analizar el protocolo de tratamiento. CASO CLINICO: Paciente de 29 años de edad, en su cuarto embarazo, con 29 semanas de gestación. El padecimiento se inició 13 años atrás, con dermatosis localizada en la extremidad inferior izquierda, constituida por un nódulo indoloro, que permaneció sin cambios hasta el inicio de la gestación actual, cuando le aparecieron múltiples lesiones nodulares y fístulas. En el examen directo de la secreción se observaron granos y en el cultivo se identificó Nocardia brasiliensis. Después del embarazo a término y con recién nacido sano, si indicó lactancia durante 4 meses y se interrumpió para prescribir bromocriptina. La dermatosis se extendió al doble, sin afectación ósea; se indicó tratamiento con sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima y dapsona. El tiempo total de tratamiento fue de 15 meses y seguimiento sin medicación durante un año. Se obtuvo curación clínica y microbiológica. CONCLUSIONES: El micetoma en mujeres embarazadas es excepcional. La mayor parte de los portocolos de tratamiento deben contraindicarse durante el embarazo. Cuando el micetoma se localiza en una zona que no afecta otros órganos ni se extiende, se sugiere continuar el embarazo y la lactancia sin prescripción de medicamentos pero iniciarla posterior al nacimiento.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Mycetoma is an infection caused by fungi and aerobic actinomycetes. It is a frequent condition in Mexico; it presents less in women than men (1:3). It is characterized by increased volume deformity of the region and sinuses. OBJECTIVE: We present a case of actinomycetoma in a pregnant patient and to analyze the behavior in its therapeutic management CLINICAL CASE: We present female, 29 years old, attending her fourth pregnancy at 29 weeks of gestation. It began 13 years ago with a localized dermatosis of the lower left limb, constituted by a painless nodule, remained unchanged until the beginning of the current gestation, developed multiple nodules and sinuses. A direct examination of the secretion was performed, observing grains, Nocardia brasiliensis was identified. After product birth, lactation was allowed for 4 months and discontinued with bromocriptine. The dermatosis extended to double without bone affection, treatment with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim + dapsone was given. Total time was 15 months and follow-up without medication for one year. Clinical and microbiological cure was achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The development of mycetoma in pregnant women is rare, it is important to know the etiology, in eumycetoma all the antimycotics are teratogenic and in actinomycetoma most antibiotics cannot be used in pregnancy with some exceptions. If mycetoma is located in an area that does not compromise other organs or does not spread it is best to leave the course of pregnancy and lactation and then start treatment.
ABSTRACT
In order to promote the humanization of health at the National Institute of Thorax, this work is proposed to make a descriptive and exploratory study of qualitative type with the intention of knowing the functions, perceptions, values and attitudes of the staff of the Respiratory Medical Surgical Unit to faced of the patients who live their process of death in hospital. We are also interested in to identifying strengths, weaknesses and needs felt by the team in caring for these terminal ill patients and the treatment use with the body of the deceased. This information will implement measures that will help to dignify the death in this Unit. It is based on 26 interviews (65 percent) of the staff who work in this unit. Interviewees described her/his work as "good" especially in the control of physical symptoms of the patient and family care issues. They admit, however, there are other needs, especially the psychological and spiritual, that they not serve very well. This is the result of a poor training received to resolve high emotional situations and to establish a therapeutic communication with the patient.
Enmarcado en el objetivo de promover la humanización de la salud en el Instituto Nacional del Tórax, este trabajo se propuso realizar un estudio descriptivo exploratorio de tipo cualitativo con la finalidad de conocer las funciones, percepciones, valores y actitudes del personal de la Unidad Médico Quirúrgico Respiratorio ante los pacientes que viven su proceso de muerte en el hospital. Nos interesaba también, identificar las fortalezas, carencias y necesidades sentidas por el equipo de trabajo en la atención de estos pacientes terminales y en el tratamiento que se realiza con el cuerpo del fallecido. Esta información permitirá implementar medidas que ayuden a dignificar la muerte en esta Unidad. Se realizaron un total de 26 entrevistas semiestructuradas, correspondientes a un 65 por ciento de los funcionarios que laboran en esta Unidad. Los participantes califican su trabajo como "bueno" especialmente en el control de síntomas físicos del paciente y atención a la familia. Reconocen sin embargo, que hay otras necesidades, especialmente las psicológicas y espirituales que no se atienden con excelencia, como consecuencia de la escasa preparación recibida para enfrentar y resolver situaciones de alto contenido emocional y establecer una comunicación terapéutica con el paciente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Attitude to Death , Medical Staff, Hospital/psychology , Respiratory Care Units , Terminal Care , Attitude of Health Personnel , Clinical Competence , Medical Staff, Hospital/education , Terminally Ill/psychology , Humanization of Assistance , Interviews as Topic , Needs Assessment , Patient Satisfaction , Professional-Patient RelationsABSTRACT
Existen distintos protocolos para el manejo de los pólipos vesiculares, colecistectomía para todo paciente con pólipo vesicular, sólo para sintomáticos, o para aquellos que midan sobre 10 mm. El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar datos que contribuyan a optar entre colecistectomía sistemática o selectiva, caracterizando los pólipos vesiculares, especialmente en relación a la presencia de adenocarcinoma. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo revisando 118 fichas de todos los pacientes con pólipos vesiculares colecistectomizados en Hospital Naval Almirante Nef entre Enero de 1995 y Diciembre de 2004. La frecuencia de pólipos fue 3,1 por ciento. La relación hombre mujer fue 1:1.1. El tamaño promedio fue 4.1 mm. El 54,2 por ciento fueron hallazgos en el estudio anátomo-patológico. Los pólipos de colesterol (67,9 por ciento) y los hiperplásticos (20,3 por ciento) fueron los más frecuentes. Los adenomas correspondieron al 9,3 por ciento. Encontramos 3 pacientes con cáncer vesicular in situ (2,5 por ciento) en pólipo adenomatoso, 2 asociados a litiasis. La frecuencia de pólipos encontrada en nuestro estudio es superior a otras publicaciones. Destaca una menor diferencia en la proporción hombre mujer. Nos parece importante el hallazgo de cáncer en pólipos adenomatosos de 5 mm, incluso en un caso no asociado a litiasis. Aunque el porcentaje de cáncer en pólipos no asociados a litiasis vesiculares bajo (2,1 por ciento), el hallazgo de dos casos con pólipos de 5 mm (uno no asociado a litiasis), cuestiona una conducta contemplativa, enfatizando la necesidad de vigilancia ecográfica, e incluso plantea la posibilidad de considerar la colecistectomía laparoscópica como un método diagnóstico y terapéutico adecuado frente a todo pólipo vesicular.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma , Cholecystectomy/statistics & numerical data , Gallbladder Diseases/pathology , Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology , Polyps/epidemiology , Polyps/pathology , Adenoma , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Gallbladder Diseases/surgery , Hyperplasia , Gallbladder Neoplasms/surgery , Polyps/surgeryABSTRACT
Porcine rubulavirus (PoRV), also known as blue eye disease (BED) of swine, causes respiratory and reproductive problems in pigs at several developmental stages. To study the effect of PoRV infection on semen production, five boars were infected with 1 x 10(6) TCID(50)/ml of PoRV strain PAC-3 and evaluated for 59 days post inoculation (DPI). Infected boars developed reproductive tract pathology that included swelling of the testes and epididymides. Analysis of the semen showed that the infection had little effect on semen production in four animals, but semen from one boar showed severe alterations in sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. When motility was analyzed in BTS-diluted semen after 24, 48, or 72 h, alterations were detected in all boars. Furthermore, viral antigen was detected in semen, the seminal plasma fraction, or sperm fraction from all boars. These results showed that PoRV is excreted via semen and, therefore, artificial insemination is a potential route of dissemination.
Subject(s)
Rubulavirus Infections/veterinary , Rubulavirus , Semen/virology , Swine Diseases/virology , Animals , Insemination, Artificial/veterinary , Male , Rubulavirus Infections/transmission , Rubulavirus Infections/virology , Testicular Diseases/veterinary , Testicular Diseases/virologyABSTRACT
Placebo y efecto placebo son dos términos que aparecen cada vez con más preponderancia en el ámbito médico, farmacológico y psicológico. En la actualidad el placebo es considerado como una sustancia o procedimiento que no tiene poder inherente para producir un efecto que es buscado o esperado. Las principales teorías que explican este fenómeno son la teoría biológica, teoría de las expectativas y condicionamiento clásico. El presente artículo realiza una revisión sobre el estado actual del fenómeno placebo, definiciones y factores asociados, así como su importancia y aplicaciones para la psicología clínica. En este sentido, se revisa la evidencia en áreas como la farmacología, depresión, estrés, dolor e hipocondría. Adicionalmente se revisa su importancia en los criterios clínicos para las psicoterapias apoyadas en la evidencia, así como su actual relevancia en la investigación en Psicología Clínica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pain/psychology , Placebo Effect , Mental Disorders/psychology , Mental Disorders/therapy , Anxiety/therapy , Conditioning, Classical , Depression/therapy , Hypochondriasis/therapy , Placebos/therapeutic use , Psychology, Clinical/methods , Psychotherapy/methodsABSTRACT
In this study, cultures of human lymphocytes were exposed for 48 h to aqueous suspensions of Zinalco, with different times of corrosion, to test the biocompatibility of this alloy and support its use in medical implants. The results show that the Zinalco concentrations assessed affect the mitotic index (MI) and some also increase the length of DNA migration measured in the comet assay in a significant manner; none of them showed clastogenic nor aneugenic effects. The authors conclude that Zinalco may be considered as an alternative biomaterial and suggest its use for short-term implants.
Subject(s)
Alloys/toxicity , Biocompatible Materials/toxicity , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Adult , Cells, Cultured , Comet Assay , DNA Damage , Female , Humans , Male , Materials Testing , Middle Aged , Mitotic Index/drug effectsSubject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/complicationsABSTRACT
Se comunica un caso de mucormicosis cutánea en una paciente diabética juvenil con insuficiencia renal crónica. La paciente desarrolla una lesión necrótica de la piel alrededor del catéter de diálisis peritoneal, falleciendo dos días después del comienzo de los signos clínicos. El diagnóstico se hace mediante biopsia del tejido extirpado de la lesión. Se presume que la infección es una complicación del procedimiento