ABSTRACT
Siweixizangmaoru decoction (SXD) is widely used as an anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Tibet, however, the specific anti-inflammatory mechanism of SXD is still unclear. This research attempts to examine the efficacy and possible mechanisms of SXD in treating RA. The primary chemical components of SXD were identified using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS. We established a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammatory injury model to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of SXD and validated it through in vivo experiments. According to our research in vitro as well as in vivo, SXD exhibits anti-inflammatory qualities. SXD can suppress nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory factor production in RAW264.7 cells activated by LPS. The mechanism underlying this effect might be connected to the janus tyrosine kinase 2-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In vivo, SXD alleviates joint swelling, decreases the generation of inflammatory factors in the serum, lowers oxidative stress, and improves joint damage. In short, SXD improves joint degeneration and lowers symptoms associated with RA by regulating inflammation via the suppression of NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Arthritis, Experimental , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Janus Kinase 2 , NF-kappa B , STAT3 Transcription Factor , Signal Transduction , Animals , Janus Kinase 2/metabolism , NF-kappa B/metabolism , STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism , RAW 264.7 Cells , Mice , Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy , Arthritis, Experimental/pathology , Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Male , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Collagen Type II/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Medicine, Tibetan Traditional/methodsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: We previously demonstrated the hemostatic effects of notoginseng using a rat bleeding model. Yun-Nan-Bai-Yao is a proprietary product for external use in China to treat bleeding but the hemostatic effects have not been proven. This study was conducted to compare the hemostatic effects of notoginseng to that of Yun-Nan- Bai-Yao and placebo control. METHODS: Rats (n = 37) were randomized into 3 groups and their tails were transected 5mm from the tip in this blinded investigation. Group 1 received placebo (wheat flour, n = 17), group 2 received notoginseng (n = 10) and group 3 received the Yun-Nan-Bai-Yao (n = 10). The total bleeding time was determined and compared among groups. RESULTS: Beeding time in minutes was 29.7% and 22.3% lower in the notoginseng and Yun-Nan-Bai-Yao groups than the placebo group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). No significant difference was found between the two active groups (p = 0.418). CONCLUSIONS: When applied externally, both notoginseng and Yun-Nan-Bai-Yao provide appreciable hemostatic effects compared to placebo.