Impacto da informatização intra-hospitalar sobre a gestão de custos: Integração da prescrição eletrônica das fórmulas pediátricas e das dietas enterais com suas respectivas áreas de produção / Impact of intrahospital informatization on cost management: Integration of electronic prescription of pediatric formulas and enteral diets with their respective production areas

Introduction: Informatization contributes to the integration among various sectors, cost reduction, and improved quality of services. This study aimed to assess the impact on cost/benefit of the integration of electronic prescription of pediatric formulas and enteral diets in the respective production areas in a hospital. Methods: We analyzed the quantitative consumption and financial cost of the products corresponding to 80% of the budget ceiling for the annual programming of each modality during 2 consecutive months in two steps, i.e., before and after the implementation of the new module. Results: A more effective control of the quantities produced and of the final products dispensed was observed, reducing both the traceable and untraceable demands (an 85% reduction in financial terms from R$ 3770.25/months before to R$ 566.73/month after). Conclusion: The change represented a technological innovation that improved the quality of the service provided and contributed to waste reduction.

Introducción: La informatización contribuye para la integración entre distintos sectores, la reducción de costes y la mejora de la calidad de los servicios. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto sobre los costes y beneficios que ofrece la integración de la receta electrónica de formulaciones pediátricas y la alimentación enteral con sus respectivas zonas de producción de un hospital. Métodos: Se analizaron el consumo cuantitativo y financiero de los productos correspondientes al 80% del límite máximo del presupuesto de la programación anual de cada modalidad durante 2 meses consecutivos en dos etapas, antes y después de la implementación del nuevo módulo. Resultados: Hubo un control más efectivo de las cantidades producidas, dio a conocer los productos finales, reduciendo las demandas tanto trazables y no rastreables (reducción de 85% en términos financieros, de R$ 3770,25 / mes por adelantado y R$ 566,73 / mes más tarde). Conclusión: El cambio representó una innovación tecnológica que proporciona una mejor calidad de servicio y ha contribuido a la reducción de residuos.

High-visibility photonic crystal fiber interferometer as multifunctional sensor.

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometer that exhibits record fringe contrast (~40 dB) is demonstrated along with its sensing applications. The device operates in reflection mode and consists of a centimeter-long segment of properly selected PCF fusion spliced to single mode optical fibers. Two identical collapsed zones in the PCF combined with its modal properties allow high-visibility interference patterns. The interferometer is suitable for refractometric and liquid level sensing. The measuring refractive index range goes from 1.33 to 1.43 and the maximum resolution is ~1.6 × 10(-5).

Microstructured optical fiber interferometric breathing sensor.

In this paper a simple photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometric breathing sensor is introduced. The interferometer consists of a section of PCF fusion spliced at the distal end of a standard telecommunications optical fiber. Two collapsed regions in the PCF caused by the splicing process allow the excitation and recombination of a core and a cladding PCF mode. As a result, the reflection spectrum of the device exhibits a sinusoidal interference pattern that instantly shifts when water molecules, present in exhaled air, are adsorbed on or desorbed from the PCF surface. The device can be used to monitor a person's breathing whatever the respiration rate. The device here proposed could be particularly important in applications where electronic sensors fail or are not recommended. It may also be useful in the evaluation of a person's health and even in the diagnosis and study of the progression of serious illnesses such as sleep apnea syndrome.

Fabry-Perot interferometers built by photonic crystal fiber pressurization during fusion splicing.

We report on a microscopic Fabry-Perot interferometer whose cavity is a bubble trapped inside an optical fiber. The microcavity is formed by pressuring a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with large voids during fusion splicing with a conventional single-mode fiber. The technique allows achieving high repeatability and full control over the cavity size and shape. It was found that the size of the PCF voids contributes to control the cavity size independently of the pressure in the PCF. Our devices exhibit a record fringe contrast of 30 dB (visibility of 0.999) due to the ellipsoidal cavity whose surfaces compensate for the diffraction of the reflected beam. The strain sensitivity of the interferometers is higher when the cavities are ellipsoidal than when they are spherical.

Hydrostatic pressure sensing with high birefringence photonic crystal fibers.

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the waveguiding properties of high birefringence photonic crystal fibers (HiBi PCF) is evaluated both numerically and experimentally. A fiber design presenting form birefringence induced by two enlarged holes in the innermost ring defining the fiber core is investigated. Numerical results show that modal sensitivity to the applied pressure depends on the diameters of the holes, and can be tailored by independently varying the sizes of the large or small holes. Numerical and experimental results are compared showing excellent agreement. A hydrostatic pressure sensor is proposed and demonstrated using an in-fiber modal interferometer where the two orthogonally polarized modes of a HiBi PCF generate fringes over the optical spectrum of a broad band source. From the analysis of experimental results, it is concluded that, in principle, an operating limit of 92 MPa in pressure could be achieved with 0.0003% of full scale resolution.

Porosidade de aeração de um Latossolo Vermelho e rendimento de trigo em plantio direto escarificado / Air-filled porosity in Latosol and wheat grain yield under no-tillage chiseled

Proporcionar condições ótimas ao desenvolvimento das plantas deve ser um dos objetivos do manejo do solo. O sistema plantio direto é um manejo conservacionista por excelência, mas tem apresentado problemas de compactação, afetando o desenvolvimento e à produtividade das culturas. A escarificação esporádica do solo nessas áreas tem-se apresentado como uma alternativa para minimizar os efeitos negativos do aumento da sua densidade. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a densidade do solo, a porosidade total e de aeração, a densidade máxima e a relativa do solo e o rendimento de grãos de trigo num Latossolo em duas áreas: plantio direto há 6 anos (PD) e plantio direto escarificado (PDE). Durante todo o ciclo da cultura do trigo, monitorou-se o potencial de água no solo por meio de sensores eletrônicos e "datalogger". A escarificação esporádica do solo sob sistema plantio direto diminuiu (5 por cento) a densidade e a densidade relativa do solo, aumentou a porosidade total e alterou a dinâmica da água no solo, proporcionou maior volume de poros livres de água (7,6 por cento) durante todo o ciclo da cultura do trigo e aumentou significativamente o rendimento de grãos (682kg ha-1).

The soil management should be aimed at providing optimal conditions for plant growth and development. No-tillage is a quintessential conservative system; however, it has caused compaction, thus affecting crop development and yield. Sporadic soil chiseling in these areas has been used as an alternative to minimize the negative effects of an increase in bulk density. The soil bulk density, total porosity, air-filled porosity, maximum density, relative density, and wheat grain yield of an oxisol were assessed in two areas: under no-tillage for 6 years and under no tillage chiseled. Soil water potential was monitored throughout the wheat crop cycle by using electronic sensors and a datalogger. Results show that sporadic chiseling of the soil under no-tillage reduced soil density and relative density by 5 percent, increased total porosity and changed the soil water dynamics, resulting in a higher volume of water-free pores (7.6 percent) throughout the wheat crop cycle, remarkably increasing grain yield (682kg ha-1).

Porosidade de aeração de um Latossolo Vermelho e rendimento de trigo em plantio direto escarificado / Air-filled porosity in Latosol and wheat grain yield under no-tillage chiseled

Proporcionar condições ótimas ao desenvolvimento das plantas deve ser um dos objetivos do manejo do solo. O sistema plantio direto é um manejo conservacionista por excelência, mas tem apresentado problemas de compactação, afetando o desenvolvimento e à produtividade das culturas. A escarificação esporádica do solo nessas áreas tem-se apresentado como uma alternativa para minimizar os efeitos negativos do aumento da sua densidade. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a densidade do solo, a porosidade total e de aeração, a densidade máxima e a relativa do solo e o rendimento de grãos de trigo num Latossolo em duas áreas: plantio direto há 6 anos (PD) e plantio direto escarificado (PDE). Durante todo o ciclo da cultura do trigo, monitorou-se o potencial de água no solo por meio de sensores eletrônicos e "datalogger". A escarificação esporádica do solo sob sistema plantio direto diminuiu (5 por cento) a densidade e a densidade relativa do solo, aumentou a porosidade total e alterou a dinâmica da água no solo, proporcionou maior volume de poros livres de água (7,6 por cento) durante todo o ciclo da cultura do trigo e aumentou significativamente o rendimento de grãos (682kg ha-1).(AU)

The soil management should be aimed at providing optimal conditions for plant growth and development. No-tillage is a quintessential conservative system; however, it has caused compaction, thus affecting crop development and yield. Sporadic soil chiseling in these areas has been used as an alternative to minimize the negative effects of an increase in bulk density. The soil bulk density, total porosity, air-filled porosity, maximum density, relative density, and wheat grain yield of an oxisol were assessed in two areas: under no-tillage for 6 years and under no tillage chiseled. Soil water potential was monitored throughout the wheat crop cycle by using electronic sensors and a datalogger. Results show that sporadic chiseling of the soil under no-tillage reduced soil density and relative density by 5 percent, increased total porosity and changed the soil water dynamics, resulting in a higher volume of water-free pores (7.6 percent) throughout the wheat crop cycle, remarkably increasing grain yield (682kg ha-1).(AU)

Adaptation of a lime incorporation equipment for soils under no-tillage / Adaptação de um equipamento para incorporação de calcário em solos sob plantio direto

No tillage (NT) is an excellent soil management system, whose advantages have been corroborated by its widespread use. However, two aspects of this system may restrict crop yield: soil compaction and the high concentration of nutrients on the soil surface and of toxic elements to root system development on the subsurface, due to the application of correctives and fertilizers exclusively on the topsoil. This study aimed to design an equipment capable of eliminating compaction and placing lime into NT soils. The equipment was designed to chisel plow the soil up to a depth of 25 cm, and to incorporate lime through a tube mounted on the rear edge of the chisel shank, using a mechanical metering system and a pneumatic injection/transportation system. Soybean was cropped using four no-till soil management systems and grain yield was assessed. The results of several mechanical assessments were positive, despite the fact that lime was concentrated in an area of approximately 20 cm in diameter around the shank. In the area that was chisel plowed and limed, grain yield was 818 kg ha-1 higher than in NT soils that were not chisel plowed and not limed. The results show that the proposed equipment is an alternative to mitigate physical and chemical constraints to root system development in the soil profile, increasing soybean grain yield.

O sistema plantio direto (SPD) é um sistema de manejo conservacionista do solo e a sua utilização em larga escala comprova as vantagens da sua adoção. Contudo, dois aspectos desse sistema restringem o rendimento das culturas: a compactação do solo e a concentração de nutrientes na superfície do solo e de elementos tóxicos ao desenvolvimento do sistema radicular na sub-superfície, resultantes da aplicação exclusiva de corretivos e fertilizantes na superfície do solo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver um equipamento capaz de eliminar a compactação e de injetar calcário em profundidade, em solos sob SPD. Desenvolveu-se um equipamento que escarifica o solo em profundidades de até 25 cm e, por meio de um dosador mecânico e distribuidor (ou transportador) pneumático, injeta calcário com o auxílio de uma tubulação acoplada na parte posterior das hastes. Para verificar a eficiência do equipamento desenvolvido, implantou-se a cultura da soja utilizando-se quatro sistemas de plantio direto e avaliaram-se os rendimentos correspondentes. Os resultados das várias avaliações mecânicas realizadas foram positivos, apesar de haver ainda uma concentração do calcário numa área com cerca de 20 cm de diâmetro ao redor da haste. Na área onde houve escarificação com injeção de calcário, o rendimento de grãos foi 818 kg ha-1 superior ao SPD sem escarificação e sem aplicação de calcário. Os res

Adaptation of a lime incorporation equipment for soils under no-tillage / Adaptação de um equipamento para incorporação de calcário em solos sob plantio direto

No tillage (NT) is an excellent soil management system, whose advantages have been corroborated by its widespread use. However, two aspects of this system may restrict crop yield: soil compaction and the high concentration of nutrients on the soil surface and of toxic elements to root system development on the subsurface, due to the application of correctives and fertilizers exclusively on the topsoil. This study aimed to design an equipment capable of eliminating compaction and placing lime into NT soils. The equipment was designed to chisel plow the soil up to a depth of 25 cm, and to incorporate lime through a tube mounted on the rear edge of the chisel shank, using a mechanical metering system and a pneumatic injection/transportation system. Soybean was cropped using four no-till soil management systems and grain yield was assessed. The results of several mechanical assessments were positive, despite the fact that lime was concentrated in an area of approximately 20 cm in diameter around the shank. In the area that was chisel plowed and limed, grain yield was 818 kg ha-1 higher than in NT soils that were not chisel plowed and not limed. The results show that the proposed equipment is an alternative to mitigate physical and chemical constraints to root system development in the soil profile, increasing soybean grain yield.

O sistema plantio direto (SPD) é um sistema de manejo conservacionista do solo e a sua utilização em larga escala comprova as vantagens da sua adoção. Contudo, dois aspectos desse sistema restringem o rendimento das culturas: a compactação do solo e a concentração de nutrientes na superfície do solo e de elementos tóxicos ao desenvolvimento do sistema radicular na sub-superfície, resultantes da aplicação exclusiva de corretivos e fertilizantes na superfície do solo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver um equipamento capaz de eliminar a compactação e de injetar calcário em profundidade, em solos sob SPD. Desenvolveu-se um equipamento que escarifica o solo em profundidades de até 25 cm e, por meio de um dosador mecânico e distribuidor (ou transportador) pneumático, injeta calcário com o auxílio de uma tubulação acoplada na parte posterior das hastes. Para verificar a eficiência do equipamento desenvolvido, implantou-se a cultura da soja utilizando-se quatro sistemas de plantio direto e avaliaram-se os rendimentos correspondentes. Os resultados das várias avaliações mecânicas realizadas foram positivos, apesar de haver ainda uma concentração do calcário numa área com cerca de 20 cm de diâmetro ao redor da haste. Na área onde houve escarificação com injeção de calcário, o rendimento de grãos foi 818 kg ha-1 superior ao SPD sem escarificação e sem aplicação de calcário. Os res