ABSTRACT
AIMS: Maternal diabetes may affect offspring cognitive function. The objective of the study was to evaluate cognitive function and potential predictors hereof in adult offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS: We conducted a follow-up study of adult offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes (n = 158) and a reference group from the background population (n = 118). The main outcome measure was offspring cognitive function measured by global cognitive score, derived from Raven's Progressive Matrices and three verbal subtests from the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale. RESULTS: Offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes obtained lower global cognitive scores (94.8 vs. 100.0, P = 0.004) than offspring from the background population. When adjusted for confounders, the groups no longer differed significantly (difference 0.4, 95% CI -3.3 to 4.). Positive predictors of cognitive function in offspring of women with diabetes were family social class, parental educational level, maternal diabetes duration, male gender and offspring age, whereas parity ≥ 1 and gestational age < 34 weeks were negative predictors. We found no association with maternal glycaemia during pregnancy or with neonatal hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired cognitive function in adult offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes compared with the background population apparently reflects differences with respect to well-known confounders. However, harmful effects of maternal hyperglycaemia may be mediated through delivery at < 34 weeks.
Subject(s)
Cognition/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Intelligence/physiology , Pregnancy in Diabetics/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Adult Children , Analysis of Variance , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Intelligence/genetics , Pregnancy , Pregnancy in Diabetics/genetics , Young AdultABSTRACT
This article describes the growth of a relationship between the fields of social work and nursing that developed into a positive learning experience for senior nursing students. It highlights the growing awareness, complicated by the scarcity of clinical sites, of the importance of including content in curricula related to community-dwelling older adults. The author was able to prepare student assignments from a social work agency on aging. The outcomes of this process included meeting the objectives of community health nursing and a new awareness by nursing students of the collaborative roles of nursing and social work in the community.
Subject(s)
Clinical Competence/standards , Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/organization & administration , Geriatric Nursing/education , Social Work/education , Students, Nursing/psychology , Aged , Curriculum , Humans , Interinstitutional Relations , Learning , Models, Educational , Nursing Process , Philosophy, Nursing , Program Evaluation , United StatesABSTRACT
Epidemiological evaluations indicate an increase of acute viral hepatitis B in children. In this study authors performed an analysis of disease prognosis in retrospective trial in children hospitalized in the Pediatric Department of Infectious Diseases from 1983 to 1993 because of acute viral hepatitis B. It was documented that a risk of persistent hepatitis B may be related to the age of patients with acute viral hepatitis B in the past. In 64% of analyzed patients below 1 year old and in 20% over 6 years-persistent hepatitis was diagnosed, especially in male subjects.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis B Antigens/analysis , Hepatitis B/immunology , Adolescent , Age Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Humans , Infant , Length of Stay , Male , Poland/epidemiology , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
Watson's theory of human caring serves as a framework in assisting RN/BSN completion students caring for dying patients at home. Through personal journals and case conferences, students incorporated Watson's 10 carative factors of human caring as the basis of their nursing interventions with clients and families. In this required course students visited patients, saw them through the dying process, and helped families with grieving. Students learned principles of home care, hospice, and what the differences and similarities can mean in the home and hospital setting.