Histological and immunohistochemical study on the dental pulp of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that brings numerous alterations in the human body, mainly on the blood vessels and nervous system, its complications being difficult to treat most of the time. Oral complications are largely known and studied. Changes that occur in the dental pulp are of importance for the dentists, considering regular procedures outcome. In early stages of the disease, new blood vessels appear especially under the odontoblasts layer as a reaction to stimuli. In later stages, the defense systems of the dental pulp are outnumbered, nervous branches will be destroyed and disorganized. When periodontal disease occurs as well the mortification of the dental pulp will be faster.

Masticatory tensile developed in upper anterior teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. A finite-element analysis study.

Commonly is accepted that a non-vital tooth has a higher risk of root fracture but there is a relatively little knowledge about the specific biomechanical behavior of non-vital frontal teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the deformation and tensile generated in these teeth while vertically loading them because it is crucial to assess the moment when the absorbed occlusal forces exceed the elasticity of root dentine. Using the method of finite-element analysis, we highlighted the distribution patterns of the compressive and tension tensile, as well as their concentration areas. The vertical forces of 100 N generate deformations of no clinical risk in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. The tensile developed in these teeth are higher than those in the vital teeth are but do not exceed the value of the elastic modulus of the radicular dentin. By increasing the force to 300 N occur elastic deformations, which cannot be neglected anymore. Even so, the 300 N forces do not generate deformations of the alveolar bone. The highest tensile at loading with 300 N was generated in vertical direction but in the cervical area of the tooth also developed tensile in lingual and mesiodistal direction that must be taken into consideration because they are near the risk limit of the elasticity modulus. The crack lines or fractures can appear both in case of excessive or even usual but accumulative occlusal forces that gradually alter the mechanical resistance of the tooth.