Does a family history of prostate cancer affect screening behavior in Jamaican men?

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To determine 1) the characteristics of males with a family history of prostate cancer who presented for screening and 2) the association between family history and diagnosis of prostate cancer in a cohort of screened Jamaican men. Methods. The study consisted of a prospective cohort of black men who screened at the Jamaica Cancer Society in Kingston between 2006 and 2016. Data were collected on: 1) age at screening and age at diagnosis of prostate cancer, 2) family history of prostate cancer, and 3) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. Results. Approximately 600 (21.4%) of screened men who reported data on family history (2 791 / 2 867) said they had a family history of prostate cancer. Men with a family history of prostate cancer 1) commenced screening at a younger age than men without a family history (P <0.001) and 2) tended to have a younger age at diagnosis of prostate cancer (P = 0.262). There was no significantly increased risk of prostate cancer in men with a reported family history of prostate cancer (odds ratio: 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.821–2.386; P = 0.217). Conclusions. Men with a family history of prostate cancer presented frequently for screening and earlier than those without. There was a lack of association between family history of prostate cancer and diagnosis. Further studies are needed to investigate this association and validate family histories.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivos. Determinar 1) las características de los hombres con antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata que se presentaron para el tamizaje, y 2) la asociación entre los antecedentes familiares y el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata en la cohorte de hombres jamaiquinos que participó en el tamizaje. Métodos. El estudio consistió en una cohorte prospectiva de hombres negros que se sometieron a un tamizaje realizado en la Jamaica Cancer Society [Sociedad del Cáncer de Jamaica] en Kingston entre el 2006 y el 2016. Se recopilaron los siguientes datos: 1) edad en el momento del tamizaje y edad en el momento del diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata, 2) antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata y 3) resultados del antígeno prostático específico (APE) y del tacto rectal (EDR). Resultados. De los hombres que informaron antecedentes familiares en el tamizaje (2 791/2 867), aproximadamente 600 (21,4%) tenían antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata. Los hombres con antecedentes familiares de cáncer de la próstata: 1) empezaron a participar en el tamizaje a una edad más temprana que los hombres sin antecedentes familiares (P <0,001) y 2) tenían una edad menor en el momento del diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata (P = 0,262). No se observó un aumento significativo en el riesgo de cáncer de próstata en hombres que informaron de antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata (razón de posibilidades [OD] de 1,4; intervalo de confianza de 95%: 0,821 – 2,386; P = 0,217). Conclusiones. Los hombres con antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata se presentaron con frecuencia a las pruebas de tamizaje y a una edad más temprana que los hombres sin antecedentes. No se observó una asociación entre los antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata y el diagnóstico. Es necesario realizar estudios adicionales para investigar esta asociación y validar los antecedentes familiares.

[RESUMO]. Objetivos. Determinar as características dos homens com história familiar de câncer de próstata que buscaram fazer o rastreamento e examinar a associação entre história familiar e diagnóstico de câncer de próstata em uma coorte de homens jamaicanos rastreados. Métodos. O estudo compreendeu uma coorte prospectiva de homens negros que fizeram o rastreamento de câncer no serviço da Sociedade do Câncer da Jamaica em Kingston entre 2006 e 2016. Foram coletadas informações sobre: idade ao rastreamento e idade ao diagnóstico de câncer de próstata, história familiar de câncer de próstata e resultados da dosagem do antígeno prostático específico (PSA) e do exame de toque retal. Resultados. Cerca de 600 (n = 2.791; 21,4%) dos homens rastreados que deram informações sobre a história familiar (n = 2.867) disseram que tinham história familiar de câncer de próstata. Os homens com história familiar de câncer de próstata: começaram o rastreamento quando eram mais jovens que os homens sem história familiar (P < 0,001) e tiveram uma tendência de serem mais jovens ao diagnóstico de câncer de próstata (P = 0,262). Não se observou risco significativamente maior de câncer de próstata nos homens com história familiar informada de câncer de próstata (odds ratio 1,4; intervalo de confiança de 95% 0,821–2,386; P = 0,217). Conclusões. Os homens com história de câncer de próstata buscaram com frequência fazer o rastreamento e a uma idade mais jovem em relação aos homens sem história familiar. Observou-se a ausência de associação entre história familiar e diagnóstico de câncer de próstata. Outros estudos são necessários para investigar esta associação e validar as histórias familiares.

Does a family history of prostate cancer affect screening behavior in Jamaican men?

OBJECTIVE: To determine 1) the characteristics of males with a family history of prostate cancer who presented for screening and 2) the association between family history and diagnosis of prostate cancer in a cohort of screened Jamaican men. METHODS: The study consisted of a prospective cohort of black men who screened at the Jamaica Cancer Society in Kingston between 2006 and 2016. Data were collected on: 1) age at screening and age at diagnosis of prostate cancer, 2) family history of prostate cancer, and 3) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. RESULTS: Approximately 600 (21.4%) of screened men who reported data on family history (2 791 / 2 867) said they had a family history of prostate cancer. Men with a family history of prostate cancer 1) commenced screening at a younger age than men without a family history (P <0.001) and 2) tended to have a younger age at diagnosis of prostate cancer (P = 0.262). There was no significantly increased risk of prostate cancer in men with a reported family history of prostate cancer (odds ratio: 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.821-2.386; P = 0.217). CONCLUSIONS: Men with a family history of prostate cancer presented frequently for screening and earlier than those without. There was a lack of association between family history of prostate cancer and diagnosis. Further studies are needed to investigate this association and validate family histories.

Does a family history of prostate cancer affect screening behavior in Jamaican men? / ¿Influyen los antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata en la disposición de los hombres jamaiquinos a participar en pruebas de tamizaje? / Ter uma história familiar de câncer de próstata influi na conduta de rastreamento em homens jamaicanos?

ABSTRACT Objective To determine 1) the characteristics of males with a family history of prostate cancer who presented for screening and 2) the association between family history and diagnosis of prostate cancer in a cohort of screened Jamaican men. Methods The study consisted of a prospective cohort of black men who screened at the Jamaica Cancer Society in Kingston between 2006 and 2016. Data were collected on: 1) age at screening and age at diagnosis of prostate cancer, 2) family history of prostate cancer, and 3) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. Results Approximately 600 (21.4%) of screened men who reported data on family history (2 791 / 2 867) said they had a family history of prostate cancer. Men with a family history of prostate cancer 1) commenced screening at a younger age than men without a family history (P <0.001) and 2) tended to have a younger age at diagnosis of prostate cancer (P = 0.262). There was no significantly increased risk of prostate cancer in men with a reported family history of prostate cancer (odds ratio: 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.821-2.386; P = 0.217). Conclusions Men with a family history of prostate cancer presented frequently for screening and earlier than those without. There was a lack of association between family history of prostate cancer and diagnosis. Further studies are needed to investigate this association and validate family histories.

RESUMEN Objetivos Determinar 1) las características de los hombres con antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata que se presentaron para el tamizaje, y 2) la asociación entre los antecedentes familiares y el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata en la cohorte de hombres jamaiquinos que participó en el tamizaje. Métodos El estudio consistió en una cohorte prospectiva de hombres negros que se sometieron a un tamizaje realizado en la Jamaica Cancer Society [Sociedad del Cáncer de Jamaica] en Kingston entre el 2006 y el 2016. Se recopilaron los siguientes datos: 1) edad en el momento del tamizaje y edad en el momento del diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata, 2) antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata y 3) resultados del antígeno prostático específico (APE) y del tacto rectal (EDR). Resultados De los hombres que informaron antecedentes familiares en el tamizaje (2 791/2 867), aproximadamente 600 (21,4%) tenían antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata. Los hombres con antecedentes familiares de cáncer de la próstata: 1) empezaron a participar en el tamizaje a una edad más temprana que los hombres sin antecedentes familiares (P <0,001) y 2) tenían una edad menor en el momento del diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata (P = 0,262). No se observó un aumento significativo en el riesgo de cáncer de próstata en hombres que informaron de antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata (razón de posibilidades [OD] de 1,4; intervalo de confianza de 95%: 0,821 - 2,386; P = 0,217). Conclusiones Los hombres con antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata se presentaron con frecuencia a las pruebas de tamizaje y a una edad más temprana que los hombres sin antecedentes. No se observó una asociación entre los antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata y el diagnóstico. Es necesario realizar estudios adicionales para investigar esta asociación y validar los antecedentes familiares.

RESUMO Objetivos Determinar as características dos homens com história familiar de câncer de próstata que buscaram fazer o rastreamento e examinar a associação entre história familiar e diagnóstico de câncer de próstata em uma coorte de homens jamaicanos rastreados. Métodos O estudo compreendeu uma coorte prospectiva de homens negros que fizeram o rastreamento de câncer no serviço da Sociedade do Câncer da Jamaica em Kingston entre 2006 e 2016. Foram coletadas informações sobre: idade ao rastreamento e idade ao diagnóstico de câncer de próstata, história familiar de câncer de próstata e resultados da dosagem do antígeno prostático específico (PSA) e do exame de toque retal. Resultados Cerca de 600 (n = 2.791; 21,4%) dos homens rastreados que deram informações sobre a história familiar (n = 2.867) disseram que tinham história familiar de câncer de próstata. Os homens com história familiar de câncer de próstata: começaram o rastreamento quando eram mais jovens que os homens sem história familiar (P < 0,001) e tiveram uma tendência de serem mais jovens ao diagnóstico de câncer de próstata (P = 0,262). Não se observou risco significativamente maior de câncer de próstata nos homens com história familiar informada de câncer de próstata (odds ratio 1,4; intervalo de confiança de 95% 0,821-2,386; P = 0,217). Conclusões Os homens com história de câncer de próstata buscaram com frequência fazer o rastreamento e a uma idade mais jovem em relação aos homens sem história familiar. Observou-se a ausência de associação entre história familiar e diagnóstico de câncer de próstata. Outros estudos são necessários para investigar esta associação e validar as histórias familiares.

Prostate Cancer Knowledge, Prevention, and Screening Behaviors in Jamaican Men.

Screening is the only effective method of reducing prostate cancer mortality. Several reports have documented poor prostate cancer awareness and screening practices in Jamaican men. The Jamaica Cancer Society provides the most organized and largest form of screening in Jamaica and hosts an annual mass screening clinic on Prostate Cancer Awareness Day in September. We sought to determine the knowledge and attitudes towards screening and risks and prevention of prostate cancer. The study represented a cross-sectional analysis of 55 men presenting for screening on Prostate Cancer Awareness Day, September 2014 in Kingston, Jamaica. Information on prostate cancer knowledge and attitudes towards screening was obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaires (The Integrative Model of Prostate Cancer Disparity (PIPCaD). Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) were obtained from all patients. Mean PSA of participating men was 1.5 ± 1.48 ng/ml. Fifteen percent of men surveyed had a family history of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer knowledge was moderate, with at least 84 % of men responding correctly to 5 of 10 questions referring to prostate cancer risk and prevention. Most men had a favorable attitude towards screening. Starch formed the major portion of the diet in 68 % of men and 35 % of men engaged in no physical activity. Jamaican men surveyed have moderate prostate cancer knowledge and a positive attitude towards screening and prostate cancer prevention activities. However, the application of activities for potential prevention of modifiable risk factors is poor.

Prostate Cancer Screening in Jamaica: Results of the Largest National Screening Clinic.

Prostate cancer is highly prevalent in Jamaica and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Our aim was to evaluate the patterns of screening in the largest organized screening clinic in Jamaica at the Jamaica Cancer Society. A retrospective analysis of all men presenting for screening at the Jamaica Cancer Society from 1995 to 2005 was done. All patients had digital rectal examinations (DRE) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) tests done. Results of prostate biopsies were noted. 1117 men of mean age 59.9 ± 8.2 years presented for screening. The median documented PSA was 1.6 ng/mL (maximum of 5170 ng/mL). Most patients presented for only 1 screen. There was a gradual reduction in the mean age of presentation for screening over the period. Prostate biopsies were requested on 11% of screening visits; however, only 59% of these were done. 5.6% of all persons screened were found to have cancer. Of the cancers diagnosed, Gleason 6 adenocarcinoma was the commonest grade and median PSA was 8.9 ng/mL (range 1.5-1059 ng/mL). Older men tend to screen for prostate cancer in Jamaica. However, compliance with regular maintenance visits and requests for confirmatory biopsies are poor. Screening needs intervention in the Jamaican population.