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1.
Nat Med ; 29(2): 366-375, 2023 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36624316

ABSTRACT

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continued to mutate and spread in 2022 despite the introduction of safe, effective vaccines and medications. Vaccine hesitancy remains substantial, fueled in part by misinformation. Our third study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy among 23,000 respondents in 23 countries (Brazil, Canada, China, Ecuador, France, Germany, Ghana, India, Italy, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States), surveyed from 29 June to 10 July 2022, found willingness to accept vaccination at 79.1%, up 5.2% from June 2021. Hesitancy increased in eight countries, however, ranging from 1.0% (United Kingdom) to 21.1% (South Africa). Almost one in eight (12.1%) vaccinated respondents are hesitant about booster doses. Overall support for vaccinating children under 18 years of age increased slightly but declined among parents who were personally hesitant. Almost two in five (38.6%) respondents reported paying less attention to new COVID-19 information than previously, and support for vaccination mandates decreased. Almost a quarter (24%) of those who became ill reported taking medications to combat COVID-19 symptoms. Vaccination remains a cornerstone of the COVID-19 pandemic response, but broad public support remains elusive. These data can be used by health system decisionmakers, practitioners, advocates and researchers to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy more effectively.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Child , Humans , Adolescent , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , Brazil , Vaccination
4.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 18(4/5): 366-373, oct.-nov. 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-422749

ABSTRACT

En muchos países de la región de las Américas, las personas con discapacidades mentales pueden ser recluidas en centros psiquiátricos contra su voluntad, indefinidamente, sin apenas justificación, y con poca supervisión o ninguna. Estas circunstancias son una clara violación de derechos humanos, tales como el derecho a la libertad, y del derecho al procedimiento reglamentario con todas las garantías judiciales, tal como establecen los tratados de derechos humanos con fuerza vinculante en los niveles internacional y regional. Además, muchos países de América Latina y el Caribe no han adoptado leyes específicas en materia de salud mental ni han interpretado los dictámenes constitucionales en el contexto de la salud mental de una manera acorde con los principios y recomendaciones que rigen actualmente en materia de derechos humanos. mecanismos de vigilancia y monitoreo del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos pueden constituir un instrumento jurídico eficaz y de utilidad para promover y proteger los derechos humanos y las libertades fundamentales de las personas con discapacidades mentales; en este sentido pueden suplementar las leyes nacionales o servir como fuente de regulación en aquellos lugares donde no existen leyes nacionales. Los países deben promulgar leyes nacionales que confieren una protección básica, de acuerdo con las garantías legales, a aquellas personas que hayan sido recluidas en centros de salud mental en contra de su voluntad. Esto ayudaría a garantizar que las personas no sean internadas y retenidas de forma arbitraria, que la discapacidad mental sea lo bastante grave como para justificar su internamiento involuntario, y que la decisión de internar y retener a la persona sea revisada periódicamente, de manera eficiente, por un tribunal independiente e imparcial. Consideramos necesaria una aplicación más rigurosa de las normas de los derechos humanos por parte del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, a fin de lograr que los estados se responsabilicen de la manera como tratan a las personas con discapacidades mentales y que promulguen leyes para proteger los derechos de aquellas que hayan sido recluidas en centros psiquiátricos contra su voluntad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Commitment of Mentally Ill/legislation & jurisprudence , Institutionalization , Institutionalization/legislation & jurisprudence , Mental Health , Patient Rights , Latin America
6.
Acta bioeth ; 9(2): 177-188, 2003.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-401557

ABSTRACT

This article asks the difficult questionsÑ what is public health? and what is public health ethics? The articlealso recognizes that even though public health and biomedical ethics overlap, they have distinct aspects. The article examines the unique population-based perspective of public health and how it can be distinguished from patientcentered biomedical ethics. Additionally, public health scholars and practitioners often use ethical analyses with other forms of reasoning, particularly law and human rights. The article, therefore, explores the relationship among publichealth ethics, public health law and human rights. The various meanings of each form of reasoning are discussed, as well as the similarities and differences among them. The article concludes with a proposal for reconciling the inherent tradeoffs between public health and civil liberties. Prior to exercising compulsory powers, public health officials should examine the risk to the public; the likelihood that the intervention will be effective; the opportunity costs; the burdens on human rights and the policyÕs fairness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Law , Human Rights , Public Health , Public Health/ethics
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