ABSTRACT
El desarrollo de biomateriales bioactivos como andamios para la osteointegración o regeneración de tejidos ha dado grandes pasos, el presente trabajo, muestra los procesos de síntesis de biomateriales como la hidroxiapatita, biomateriales del sistema SiO2-CaO-P2O5-Al2O3 y biovidrios del sistema SiO2.Li2O, se ha logrado caracterizar los biomateriales obtenidos, con resultados similares a los de otros investigadores por técnicas con la Difracción de Rayos X y la Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido, se ha evaluado su comportamientoen pruebas de biocompatibilidad y bioactividad en soluciones de Plasma Rico en Factores de Crecimiento y Fluido corporal simulado, seguidamente y con el fin de evaluar la incorporación de sustancias antibacteriales se ha dopado uno de ellos con plata, logrando determinar que el material tiene esta capacidad, estos resultados son los primeros pasos para encarar posteriores trabajos en el campo de la Ingeniería Tisular en Bolivia, y de esta forma encarar procesos de ostointegración y regeneración de tejidos en general.
The development of bioactive biomaterials as scaffolds for osseointegration or tissue regeneration has taken great steps, the present work shows the synthesis processes of biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite, biomaterials of the SiO2-CaO-P2O5-Al2O3 system and bio-libraries of the SiO2 system. Li2O, it has been possible to characterize the biomaterials obtained, with results similar to those of other researchers by techniques with X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy, their behavior in biocompatibility and bioactivity tests in Plasma Rico solutions has been evaluated in Growth factors and simulated body fluid, then and in order to evaluate the incorporation of antibacterial substances, one of them has been doped with silver, managing to determine that the material has this capacity, these results are the first steps to face further work in the field of Tissue Engineering in Bolivia, and thus face Osteintegration processes and tissue regeneration in general.
Subject(s)
Plasma , In Vitro Techniques , Tissue EngineeringABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Major depression is one of the world's leading causes of disability. Up-to-date information about the epidemiology of this disorder is key to health care planning. AIM: The aim of our study is to report prevalence and correlates of current major depressive disorder (MDD) in the province of Granada, Southern Spain. METHODS: The GranadΣp is a cross-sectional study based on a community-dwelling adult population living in the province of Granada, Southern Spain. Community-dwelling adults aged 18-80 years ( n = 810) were interviewed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A variety of exposure assessments were also undertaken. RESULTS: Point (2 weeks) prevalence of MDD in the Granada population was 5.6%. Positive family history of mental illness, high degree of neuroticism, high number of life threatening events (LTE), poor physical health status, cognitive impairment and cannabis use were independently associated with MDD in the multivariate regression model. Being female was also associated with MDD, but the significance disappeared after adjusting for neuroticism and physical health. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of MDD in the Granada population is higher than expected. The effects of the financial crisis could be partially accountable for this excess in prevalence. Six variables were found to be independently associated with MDD. Association between female sex and depression may be partially explained by the confounding effect of neuroticism.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cognition , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Neuroticism , Prevalence , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Risk Factors , Sampling Studies , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
Herein, an effort has been made to highlight the trends of the state-of-the-art of laccase-assisted degradation of emerging contaminants at large and endocrine disruptors in particular. Since first described in the 19th century, laccase has received particular interest for inter- and multidisciplinary investigations due to its uniqueness and remarkable biotechnological applicability. There has always been a paramount concern over the widespread occurrences of various pollutant types, around the globe. Therefore, pollution free processes are gaining ground all over the world. With ever increasing scientific knowledge, socioeconomic awareness, human health-related issues and ecological apprehensions, people are more concerned about the widespread environmental pollutants. In this context, the occurrences of newly identified pollutants so-called "emerging contaminants - ECs" in our main water bodies is of continued and burning concern worldwide. Undoubtedly, various efforts have already been made to tackle this challenging ECs concern though using different approaches including physical and chemical, however, each has considerable limitations. In this review, we present information on how laccase-assisted approach can change this limited tendency of physical and chemical based approaches. A special focus has been given to the laccase-assisted systems including pristine laccase, laccase-mediator catalyzed system and immobilized-laccase catalyzed system that promotes the endocrine disruptors removal. Towards the end, a list of outstanding questions and research gaps are given that can pave the way for future studies.
Subject(s)
Endocrine Disruptors/metabolism , Environmental Pollutants/metabolism , Laccase/metabolism , HumansABSTRACT
Resumen En la elección de carrera intervienen particularidades de la personalidad, la familia y el entorno social, además de efectos de carácter económico e institucional en razón de las posibles repercusiones relacionadas con la demanda educativa en Universidades públicas. El objetivo del estudio consistió en indagar sobre la motivación en la elección de carrera y las diferencias en las características de personalidad que tienen los estudiantes de las carreras en Negocios Internacionales y Turismo en la Universidad de Guadalajara, México. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal. Mediante el análisis factorial y pruebas de independencia estadística Chi cuadrada se analizan los resultados de una muestra de 213 estudiantes en 2017. La evidencia empírica identifica los factores de información vocacional, influencias externas, habilidades y actitudes que caracterizan a los estudiantes de estas carreras. Los resultados de las profesiones analizadas brindan características del tipo de personalidad emprendedora de acuerdo con la teoría de Holland. Así se concluye que las diferencias entre ambas carreras son la retribución como factor de elección con mayor énfasis en Negocios Internacionales y la disposición hacia el servicio para la carrera de Turismo.
Abstract Career choice involves factors such as personality, family and social environment. In addition to these factors, there are economic and institutional issues affecting the professional demand of public universities. They are important personal characteristics in the students, especially in the context of the Mexican public universities, to achieve greater vocational certainty. In this article we analyze some personality traits, and the way in which the students choose the profession in International Business and Tourism at the University of Guadalajara, Mexico. The literature on motivations in order to choice a career has two different branches. On one hand, there are papers focus on the use of econometric models from an economic perspective supported in Becker´s human capital theory. On the other hand, there are works using factor analysis to reveal characteristics or particularities of certain professional groups. The bulk of these papers are based on Holland's theory using the Self-Directed Search (SDS) instrument. This paper is based on this theory. This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. Using factor analysis and statistical independence Chi square tests, we analyzed the results of a sample of students in the 2017 period. We intend to identify the factors influencing their choice and personality traits. Our empirical evidence identifies the vocational information factors, external influences, skills, and attitudes that characterize students in both professions. The results provide characteristics of the type of entrepreneurial personality according to Holland's theory. The personality differences between these two professions are two: First, the "willingness to service", which is emphasized in Tourism profession rather than International Business profession. Second, the "economic retribution" as a enhancing factor for the career choice, which has a greater weight for the Business profession than Tourism profession. In addition, our work demonstrates the forces generating a type of personality with vocational certainty in a public university.
ABSTRACT
Los dientes supernumerarios son definidos como cualquier diente adicional a la serie normal, son poco frecuentes en la dentición decidua; sin embargo, son considerados como una de las anomalías más significantes, más aún si se encuentran fusionados. La fusión dental es una anomalía que consiste en la unión de uno o más gérmenes dentarios adyacentes. Launión se da por medio del esmalte y la dentina dando como resultado un diente único. Se reporta el caso de una niña de 5años de edad que acude a la Clínica de Odontopediatría de la Universidad Científica del Sur con problemas de autoestimay bullying de sus pares a causa de su pobre condición y apariencia dental. Al examen clínico extra oral se observa que laniña muestra sonrisa de labio cerrado. Al examen clínico intra oral se observan múltiples caries y en la zona anterosuperior lesiones de caries activas con compromiso pulpar y zonas de lesiones detenidas de color obscuro y un diente supernumerario fusionado a pieza 51. Se realiza el tratamiento de pulpectomías en pieza 51 y supernumerario fusionado en unasesión y se procede a la rehabilitación estética mejorando la autoestima de la paciente después del tratamiento.
Supernumerary teeth are defined as any additional tooth to the normal series. They are rare in deciduous dentition; however, they are considered one of the most significant anomalies, even more if they are fused. Dental fusion is an anomalycaused by the union of one or more adjacent tooth germs. Joint occurs through the enamel and dentin resulting in asingle tooth. We report the case of a five years old girl who arrived to the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of Universidad Cientí-fica del Sur with self-steem problems and bullying among friends because of her poor condition and dental appearance. Extra-oral clinical examination showed that the girl presented smile closed lip. By the other side, the intraoral clinical examination pointed out multiple cavities, inactive carious lesions at anterior upper teeth with evident pulpar lesion andareas of inactive lesions of dark color and a supernumerary tooth fused with 51 tooth. Pulpectomies in 51 tooth and supernumerary fused were done. Then, the aesthetic rehabilitation was completed improving the patients self-esteem.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Tooth, Deciduous , Tooth, Supernumerary/rehabilitation , Fused Teeth/rehabilitationABSTRACT
This paper describes the health conditions in El Salvador and the main característics of the Salvadoran health system, including its structure and coverage, its financial sources, the physical, material and human resources available, the stewardship functions developed by the Ministry of Public Health, and the participation of health care users in the evaluation of the system. It also discusses the most recent policy innovations including the approval of the Law for the Creation of the National Health System, which intends to expand coverage, reduce health inequalities and improve the coordination of public health institutions.
Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , El Salvador , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Humans , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital StatisticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Serotonin 1-A receptors are key regulators of serotonin activity and their dysregulation might be implicated in the emergence of both major depression (MD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Previous studies have yielded inconclusive results as to whether the 5-HT1A receptor gene (HTR1A) has a role in the aetiology of MD and no study up to date has analysed this polymorphism on either pure MD or MD comorbid with GAD. METHODS: In this study, 1059 patients taking part in the PREDICT-Gene study were ascertained for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV MD and GAD diagnoses using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders questionnaire, respectively. They were also genotyped for the C(-1019)G functional polymorphism at the promoter region of HTR1A gene. RESULTS: Genetic variability at HTR1A was significantly associated with MD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-2.44; P = 0.008], although this effect disappeared after adjusting for GAD (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 0.96-2.14; P = 0.080). Similarly, a crude association between C(-1019)G polymorphism and GAD was found (OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.28-4.86; P = 0.003), but these results became no longer significant after adjusting for MD (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 0.99-3.91; P = 0.050). However, a main effect of HTR1A G(-1019) allele on comorbid MD-GAD was found (OR = 3.41; 95% CI = 1.44-8.05; P = 0.005) and it remained robust and statistically significant after adjusting by sex, age and family history of psychological problems (OR = 2.82; 95% CI = 1.18-6.77; P = 0.020). CONCLUSION: In our study, the HTR1A C(-1019)G polymorphism was found to be associated to the frequent clinical presentation of comorbid MD and GAD, suggesting a common genetic background for mixed depression and anxiety states. These findings should be considered as preliminary. Future replications in independent samples would be needed to confirm or discard such association.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety/genetics , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Alleles , Case-Control Studies , Comorbidity , Demography , Female , Gene Frequency/genetics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Spain/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
En este artículo se describen las condiciones de salud de la población salvadoreña y, con mayor detalle, el sistema de salud de El Salvador, incluyendo su estructura y cobertura, sus fuentes de financiamiento, los recursos físicos, materiales y humanos con los que cuenta, las actividades de rectoría que desarrolla el Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, y la participación de los usuarios de los servicios de salud en la evaluación del sistema. Asimismo se discuten las más recientes innovaciones implantadas por el sistema salvadoreño de salud, dentro de las que destacan la aprobación de la Ley de Creación del Sistema Nacional de Salud que busca ampliar la cobertura, disminuir las desigualdades y mejorar la coordinación de las instituciones públicas de salud.
This paper describes the health conditions in El Salvador and the main característics of the Salvadoran health system, including its structure and coverage, its financial sources, the physical, material and human resources available, the stewardship functions developed by the Ministry of Public Health, and the participation of health care users in the evaluation of the system. It also discusses the most recent policy innovations including the approval of the Law for the Creation of the National Health System, which intends to expand coverage, reduce health inequalities and improve the coordination of public health institutions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , El Salvador , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital StatisticsABSTRACT
El dengue es un problema de Salud Pública en nuestro País. La presente investigación es un estudio descriptivo experimental que busca especi ficar el conocimiento sobre dengue y su cambio después de la intervención educativa de los niños escolarizados del 1er, 2do y 3er grado de educación primaría, en la parroquia Coche del Distrito Capital, Venezuela. Para recolectar la información se utilizó un cuestionario de selección múltiple con variables conocimiento sobre el dengue, ciclo biológico del zancudo, donde vive el zancudo y medidas de control. Una vez aplicado el pretest, se procedió a la intervención educativa con la utilización de complementariedad de métodos: Charlas, materiales didácticos diseñados por el Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, mesas de trabajo y la proyección de la película El enemigo indeseable. Se aplicó el postest y los resultados se compararon con una escuela no intervenida. EL análisis estadístico se realizó en EPI INFO versión 6.04 y 2000 utilizando el χ 2 no corregido y χ 2 Mc Nemar. La pérdida de seguimiento fue de 18%. El conocimiento correcto sobre dengue antes de la intervención fue en mayor proporción en la escuela control, en los escolares de 1er grado la diferencia fue significativa. En general se observó mejoría significante con la intervención en relación con el conocimiento sobre dengue, quién produce el dengue, dóndese reproduce el vector y dónde vive el vector en el Grupo Intervenido, Sin embargo el conocimiento desmejora en algunos escolares en seis variables de las siete estudiadas después de la intervención educativa. Estos resultados demuestran la necesidad de utilizar técnicas y materiales pedagógicos que garanticen el proceso educativo en el área de la salud.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Dengue/prevention & control , Education Department, Hospital , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Popular Work , Education , Education, Medical , VenezuelaABSTRACT
We tested the hypothesis that women with idiopathic fetal growth restriction (FGR) or preeclampsia (PE) have lower concentrations of some water-retaining hormones, such as aldosterone and estradiol, either preceding or concomitant with the onset of the reduced plasma volume described in these women. Plasma volume and serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and aldosterone were measured serially at monthly intervals in 135 pregnant women from week 10 until term. Twenty-three developed idiopathic FGR, 17 had PE, and 95 remained normotensive and delivered normal-size infants (controls). Changes over time for each variable were studied using mixed models. Maternal age, parity, and weight/height at term were similar in all of the groups. Birth weight, body length, and ponderal index were lower in FGR and PE than in controls. Plasma volume increased throughout pregnancy in controls but was lower in FGR and PE from week 14 to 17 until term. Aldosterone values were lower in PE from week 26 to 29 onwards and in FGR after week 34. Progesterone concentrations were higher in PE than either control or FGR from week 18 to 21 until term. In contrast, FGR pregnancies had reduced progesterone and estradiol concentrations after week 34. Progesterone:estradiol ratio was significantly higher only in the PE group. In mothers with idiopathic FGR or PE, less expansion in plasma volume occurred before alterations in hormonal concentrations. We speculate that the early rise in progesterone may have a pathogenic role in the development of preeclampsia.
Subject(s)
Fetal Growth Retardation/blood , Hormones/blood , Plasma Volume , Pre-Eclampsia/blood , Pregnancy/blood , Adult , Aldosterone/blood , Case-Control Studies , Estradiol/blood , Female , Humans , Osmolar Concentration , Progesterone/blood , Time FactorsABSTRACT
El dengue es una enfermedad infecciosa producida por alguno de los cuatro serotipos del virus dengue (familia Flaviviridae). Clínicamente esta enfermedad presenta las siguientes formas: la fiebre del dengue (FD), la fiebre hemorrágica del dengue (FHD) y el síndrome de shock por dengue siendo un importante problema de salud pública en nuestro país. La presente investigación es un estudio epidemiológico experimental comparativo donde se evaluó el cambio de conocimientos sobre el dengue en los niños escolarizados del 1er, 2do, y 3er grado, antes-después de intervención educativa y comparándolo con el grupo control. Los materiales didácticos utilizados por los escolares son diseñados por el Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social. La base de datos fue elaborada en la hoja de cálculo Excel 2000 y el análisis estadístico en EPI INFO versión 6.04 y 2000 utilizando el X² no corregido y X² Mc Nemar. La pérdida de seguimiento fue de 18 por ciento. El conocimiento sobre dengue en los escolares de 1er grado fue estadísticamente significantes antes-después de la intervención educativa (p<0,0002), (p<0,0026) y el conocimiento como se transmite fue estadísticamente antes de la intervención educativa (p<0,011). El conocimiento sobre dengue, quién produce el dengue, dónde se reproduce el vector y dónde vive el vector, resultó estadísticamente significante antes-después de la intervención en el grupo intervenido, desmejorando el conocimiento en seis variables de las siete estudiadas después de la intervención educativa.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Epidemiology , Health Education , VenezuelaABSTRACT
El dengue es una enfermedad infecciosa producida por alguno de los cuatro serotipos del virus dengue (familia Flaviviridae). Clínicamente esta enfermedad presenta las siguientes formas: la fiebre del dengue (FD), la fiebre hemorrágica del dengue (FHD) y el síndrome de shock por dengue siendo un importante problema de salud pública en nuestro país. La presente investigación es un estudio epidemiológico experimental comparativo donde se evaluó el cambio de conocimientos sobre el dengue en los niños escolarizados del 1er, 2do, y 3er grado, antes-después de intervención educativa y comparándolo con el grupo control. Los materiales didácticos utilizados por los escolares son diseñados por el Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social. La base de datos fue elaborada en la hoja de cálculo Excel 2000 y el análisis estadístico en EPI INFO versión 6.04 y 2000 utilizando el X² no corregido y X² Mc Nemar. La pérdida de seguimiento fue de 18 por ciento. El conocimiento sobre dengue en los escolares de 1er grado fue estadísticamente significantes antes-después de la intervención educativa (p<0,0002), (p<0,0026) y el conocimiento como se transmite fue estadísticamente antes de la intervención educativa (p<0,011). El conocimiento sobre dengue, quién produce el dengue, dónde se reproduce el vector y dónde vive el vector, resultó estadísticamente significante antes-después de la intervención en el grupo intervenido, desmejorando el conocimiento en seis variables de las siete estudiadas después de la intervención educativa
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Dengue , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Epidemiology , Health Education , VenezuelaABSTRACT
El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la frecuencia diaria de consumo de azúcares extrínsecos (FDCAE) y la prevalencia de caries dental de una población Peruana de niños cuyas edades oscilaban desde los 2 hasta los 13 años. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1331 niños que acudieron a la Clínica Estomatológica Central de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia durante los años de 1999 al 2003. Los datos fueron obtenidos de la base de datos de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia del Departamento de Estomatología del Niño y del Adolescente (DAENA). En el presente estudio se utilizó la prueba del chi-cuadrado para establecer la asociación entre la FDCAE y la prevalencia de caries dental. Se encontró que a cualquier FDCAE, la prevalencia de caries dental se mantuvo alta en más del 80 por ciento. No se encontró relación entre la FDCAE y la prevalencia de caries dental y además el 72 por ciento tuvo una FDCAE mayor de 3 veces al día y la prevalencia de caries fue del 89,6 por ciento.