Efecto ahorrativo de la proteína usando niveles altos de energía y obtención de la relación optima energía digestible/proteína digestible en dietas para el crecimiento de Oreochromis niloticus (L)

Se evaluó el efecto ahorrativo de la proteína usando dietas altas en energía. Se utilizó un diseño factorial para medir la interacción de dos niveles de proteína (30% y 35%) y dos niveles de energía digestible (3.3 y 3.7 kcal/g de alimento) sobre la ganancia (GP), conversión alimenticia (CA), proteína retenida (PR), energía retenida (ER) y la relación de eficiencia proteica (REP) en la tilapia del Nilo todos machos (Oreochromis niloticus). En la composición de las dietas se emplearon harina de anchoveta y harina de torta de soya como fuentes de proteína y maíz amarillo duro y subproducto de trigo como fuentes de energía. El aceite de pescado fue añadido para ajustar los niveles de energía requeridos en las dietas experimentales. Se encontraron interacciones altamente significativas (P<0.01) entre la proteína y la energía digestible. Cuando se utilizaron las dietas con 30% de proteína, el incremento del nivel de energía digestible afectó significativamente la GP, CA, PR, ER y la REP, donde el nivel de 3.3 kcal/g tuvo el mejor comportamiento. Con 35% de proteína, el nivel de energía digestible no influyó significativamente sobre la GP, CA, PR, ER y la REP, sin embargo el nivel de 3.0 kcal/g tuvo el mayor rendimiento. Cuando se compararon las dos dietas no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Considerando el costo de la proteína dietaría se concluyó que la mejor respuesta fue obtenida con la dieta de 30% de proteína y 3.7 kcal/g de energía digestible y una relación optima energía digestible/proteína digestible de 13.75 kcal/g de proteína.

The sparing effect of the dietary protein using diets with high energy levels was evaluated. A factorial design was used to examine the interaction of two levels of protein (30 and 35%) and two levels of digestible energy (3.3 and 3.7 kcal/g) on the weight gain (WG), food conversion FC), retained protein (PR), retained energy (ER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in “sex reversal Nile tilapia” ( Oreochromis niloticus). Diets contained anchovy and soybean meal as protein sources and yellow corn and wheat bran as energy sources. The fish oil was used to adjust the energy levels. There were highly significant interactions (P<0.01) between the experimental diets. In diets with 30% proteins, the increase of digestible energy significantly enhances WG, FC, PR, ER and PER, where the level of 3.7 kcal/g had the best performance. With 35% protein, the increase of digestible energy had not significant influence on the GP, CA, PR, ER and PER, however the growth of sex reversal Nile Tilapia was improved with the level of 3.3 kcal/g. When were compared both diets, were not find significant differences. Considering the protein cost, it can be concluded that best response was obtained with a diet containing 30 % of protein and 3.7 kcal/g of digestible energy and optimum digestible energy/digestible protein ratio of 13.75 kcal/g protein.

Multicenter epidemiological and clinical study on imported Chagas diseases in Alicante, Spain.

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of patients with Chagas disease outside of areas that are generally considered endemic. The aim of this investigation is to describe the clinical profile of a series of patients with Chagas disease in Alicante, Spain, which is a province located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. This study was performed at four general hospitals in Alicante between January 2002 and May 2011. A total of 128 patients from seven countries were diagnosed with Trypanosoma cruzi. The main country of origin of these patients was Bolivia (n5101; 78.9%), and the median of age of these patients was 35 years (range: 0­72 years). Four (3.3%) patients were children under 14 years of age, and 81 (63.3%) were female. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze 106 patients, 66.0% of whom demonstrated positive PCR results. Visceral involvement was diagnosed in 26.8%: 24.1% demonstrated cardiac involvement, 0.9% demonstrated gastrointestinal involvement, 0.9% demonstrated cardiac and gastrointestinal involvement, and 0.9% demonstrated involvement of the central nervous system. Syncope was found to be associated with cardiomyopathy (28.0% versus 5.2%) (odds ratio: 6.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.5­27.1). Seventy-six patients received treatment with benznidazole, of whom 57 (75.0%) completed the treatment course without significant adverse events and 17.1% discontinued benznidazole due to adverse events. In total, 50% of patients experienced documented adverse reactions. Among patients with positive PCR results before treatment, all demonstrated negative PCR results following treatment. In conclusion, majority of our patients were female Bolivians immigrants, one of four of our patients demonstrated cardiac involvement, and treatment tolerance was poor. It is important to improve the clinical and epidemiological knowledge of Chagas disease in nonendemic with additional multicenter studies in order to determine the magnitude of this problem and provide improved public health and health resource planning.

Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Elche (Spain): comparison of the seroprevalence in immigrants from Paraguay and Bolivia.

Chagas disease is a global public health problem due to the recent emigration of people from Latin America to other regions, including Europe. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among Paraguayans and Bolivians living in Elche (Spain), a city located in the Mediterranean Coast of Spain. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Capillary blood samples were obtained through a finger prick, and collected on filter paper. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence tests were performed to search for anti-T. cruzi IgG antibodies in the filter papers. Thirteen out of 201 participants were infected with T. cruzi in this study, seven out of 73 Bolivians and six out of 128 Paraguayans, corresponding to seroprevalences of 9·59% (95%CI, 4·72-18·5%) and 4·69% (95%CI, 2·17-9·85%), respectively. Palpitation, chest pain, and migration from rural endemic areas were the most common clinical and epidemiological risk factors associated with T. cruzi infection detected in the Paraguayan group. This study highlights that Chagas disease is no longer limited to the Bolivian population living in Spain. It is important to note this wider prevalence and, therefore, not discount Paraguayans in the screening for Chagas disease in Spain. Indeed, this should be considered for all immigrants from Latin America.

Mapping of Chagas disease research: analysis of publications in the period between 1940 and 2009 / Mapeamento de pesquisa da doença de Chagas: análise da produção de publicações no período entre 1940 e 2009

INTRODUCTION: Publications are often used as a measure of success in research work. Chagas disease occurs in Central and Southern America. However, during the past years, the disease has been occurring outside Latin America due to migration from endemic zones. This article describes a bibliometric review of the literature on Chagas disease research indexed in PubMed during a 70-year period. METHODS: Medline was used via the PubMed online service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine from 1940 to 2009. The search strategy was: Chagas disease [MeSH] OR Trypanosoma cruzi [MeSH]. RESULTS: A total of 13,989 references were retrieved. The number of publications increased steadily over time from 1,361 (1940-1969) to 5,430 (2000-2009) (coefficient of determination for linear fit, R²=0.910). Eight journals contained 25 percent of the Chagas disease literature. Of the publications, 64.2 percent came from endemic countries. Brazil was the predominant country (37 percent), followed by the United States (17.6 percent) and Argentina (14 percent). The ranking in production changed when the number of publications was normalized by estimated cases of Chagas disease (Panama and Uruguay), population (Argentina and Uruguay), and gross domestic product (Bolivia and Brazil). CONCLUSIONS: Several Latin American countries, where the prevalence of T. cruzi infection was not very high, were the main producers of the Chagas disease literature, after adjusting for economic and population indexes. The countries with more estimated cases of Chagas disease produced less research on Chagas disease than some developed countries.

INTRODUÇÃO: Publicações são frequentemente utilizadas como uma medida de sucesso do trabalho de pesquisa. A doença de Chagas (DCh) ocorre na América Central e do Sul. Porém, durante os últimos anos, a doença tem ocorrido fora da América Latina, devido à migração das zonas endêmicas. Este artigo descreve uma análise bibliométrica da literatura sobre as pesquisas da doença de Chagas indexadas no PubMed, durante um período de 70 anos. MÉTODOS: O Medline foi usado através do serviço online da US PubMed da National Library of Medicine de 1940 a 2009. A estratégia de busca foi: Chagas disease [MeSH] OR Trypanosoma cruzi [MeSH]. RESULTADOS: Um total de 13.989 referências foi recuperado. O número de publicações aumentou de forma constante com 1.361 (1940-1969) para 5.430 (2000-2009) (coeficiente de determinação para o ajuste linear, R² = 0, 910). Oito revistas contiveram 25 por cento da literatura sobre a DCh. Um total de 64,2 por cento das publicações veio de países endêmicos. O Brasil foi o predominante (37 por cento), seguido pelos Estados Unidos da América (17,6 por cento) e Argentina (14 por cento). O ranking da produção foi alterado, quando o número de publicações foi normalizado por casos estimados da doença de Chagas (Panamá e Uruguai), população (Argentina e Uruguai), e Produto Interno Bruto (Bolívia e Brasil). CONCLUSÕES: Vários países da América Latina com uma prevalência não muito elevada de infecção pelo T. cruzi foram os principais produtores, após ajuste para os índices econômicos e populacionais. Os países com mais casos estimados da DCh produziu menos pesquisas em doença de Chagas que alguns países desenvolvidos.

Mapping of Chagas disease research: analysis of publications in the period between 1940 and 2009.

INTRODUCTION: Publications are often used as a measure of success in research work. Chagas disease occurs in Central and Southern America. However, during the past years, the disease has been occurring outside Latin America due to migration from endemic zones. This article describes a bibliometric review of the literature on Chagas disease research indexed in PubMed during a 70-year period. METHODS: Medline was used via the PubMed online service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine from 1940 to 2009. The search strategy was: Chagas disease [MeSH] OR Trypanosoma cruzi [MeSH]. RESULTS: A total of 13,989 references were retrieved. The number of publications increased steadily over time from 1,361 (1940-1969) to 5,430 (2000-2009) (coefficient of determination for linear fit, R²=0.910). Eight journals contained 25% of the Chagas disease literature. Of the publications, 64.2% came from endemic countries. Brazil was the predominant country (37%), followed by the United States (17.6%) and Argentina (14%). The ranking in production changed when the number of publications was normalized by estimated cases of Chagas disease (Panama and Uruguay), population (Argentina and Uruguay), and gross domestic product (Bolivia and Brazil). CONCLUSIONS: Several Latin American countries, where the prevalence of T. cruzi infection was not very high, were the main producers of the Chagas disease literature, after adjusting for economic and population indexes. The countries with more estimated cases of Chagas disease produced less research on Chagas disease than some developed countries.

Cirrhosis-like radiological pattern in patients with breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatic toxicity of breast cancer therapy is well known, usually consisting of elevation in the serum levels of hepatic enzymes or fatty infiltration of the liver. The chemotherapeutic agents most commonly linked to hepatotoxic effects are methotrexate, anthracyclines, taxanes and cyclophosphamide. There are few reports of patients with liver metastasis having radiological findings mimicking cirrhosis, both in the presence or the absence of prior systemic chemotherapy. Hepatotoxicity of antineoplastic drugs and cellular necrosis induced by response of liver metastases to chemotherapy may play a critical role in its physiopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article reports a series of ten women with breast cancer (nine with liver metastasis) treated with chemotherapy or hormonotherapy. RESULTS: They had low risk factors for hepatic disease, but developed a cirrhosis-like appearance in the computed tomography scan. The patient without liver metastasis is the second of this kind described in the literature. Relatively few reports have documented clinical sequelae of portal hypertension. In our series, three patients had oesophageal bleeding varices needing be hospitalised. To our knowledge, these are the first cases reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that some manifestations of portal hypertension may develop in association with the cirrhosis- like pattern induced by breast cancer therapy.

Seudoquilotórax de causa no determinada: reporte de un caso / Pseudochylothorax of non determined causes: a case report

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 72 años con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y acalasia de esófago de varios años de evolución que se le diagnosticó un seudoquilotórax de posible causa ideopática por tratarse de una enfermedad muy rara y que puede ser originada por múltiples desórdenes. Se destaca la clínica, el diagnóstico positivo y el diferencial; así como se enfatiza en la posible patogénesis de este tipo de enfermedad y en especial a esta paciente. Se señala la terapéutica especialmente el tratamiento no quirúrgico, así como el resultado obtenido en el estudio y los aplicados en esta entidad por otros autores(AU)

A 72 years-old patient was presented with antecedents of arterial hypertension and esophageal achalasia of several years of evolution that it was diagnosed a pseudochylothorax of possible idiopathic cause being about a very rare disease that may be originated by multiple disorders. The clinic, the differential and positive diagnosis are point out; as well as it emphasize in the possible pathogenesis in this type of disease and specially to this patient. The therapy mainly non surgical treatment is point out, also the result obtained in the study and the applied ones in this entity by other authors(AU)

Seudoquilotóraxdde causa no determinada: reporte de nn caso / Pseudochylothorax of non determined causes: A case report

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 72 años con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y acalasia de esófago de varios años de evolución que se le diagnosticó un seudoquilotórax de posible causa ideopática por tratarse de una enfermedad muy rara y que puede ser originada por múltiples desórdenes. Se destaca la clínica, el diagnóstico positivo y el diferencial; así como se enfatiza en la posible patogénesis de este tipo de enfermedad y en especial a esta paciente. Se señala la terapéutica especialmente el tratamiento no quirúrgico, así como el resultado obtenido en el estudio y los aplicados en esta entidad por otros autores.

A 72 years-old patient was presented with antecedents of arterial hypertension and esophageal achalasia of several years of evolution that it was diagnosed a pseudochylothorax of possible idiopathic cause being about a very rare disease that may be originated by multiple disorders. The clinic, the differential and positive diagnosis are point out; as well as it emphasize in the possible pathogenesis in this type of disease and specially to this patient. The therapy mainly non surgical treatment is point out, also the result obtained in the study and the applied ones in this entity by other authors.

[Tuberculosis in immigrants: clinical and epidemiological differences as compared to the native population (1999-2002)]. / Tuberculosis en inmigrantes: diferencias clinicoepidemiológicas con la población autóctona (1999-2002).

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis in immigrants is an emerging disease in industrialized countries. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of culture-positive tuberculosis cases in the immigrant and native populations. RESULTS: One hundred and five cases of tuberculosis were observed; 22 cases (21%) were in immigrants. The 2002 incidence was 64.3 cases per 100,000 immigrants. Mean age of the affected immigrants was 28.5 years lower than that of the affected native population (p < 0.001). The rate of HIV coinfection was 9.1%. In 81.8% (18) of immigrants, presentation was exclusively pulmonary, a higher percentage than in the native population (59.2%) (p = 0.05). Loss to follow-up was more common among immigrants (35%) than among the native population (9.2%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis in the immigrant population generally involves the lungs, appears in younger subjects and is a public heath problem because of the high rate of losses to follow-up.