ABSTRACT
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to fibrotic scar formation at the lesion site, yet the heterogeneity of fibrotic scar remains elusive. Here we show the heterogeneity in distribution, origin, and function of fibroblasts within fibrotic scars after SCI in mice and female monkeys. Utilizing lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we found that perivascular fibroblasts (PFs), and meningeal fibroblasts (MFs), rather than pericytes/vascular smooth cells (vSMCs), primarily contribute to fibrotic scar in both transection and crush SCI. Crabp2 + /Emb+ fibroblasts (CE-F) derived from meninges primarily localize in the central region of fibrotic scars, demonstrating enhanced cholesterol synthesis and secretion of type I collagen and fibronectin. In contrast, perivascular/pial Lama1 + /Lama2+ fibroblasts (LA-F) are predominantly found at the periphery of the lesion, expressing laminin and type IV collagen and functionally involved in angiogenesis and lipid transport. These findings may provide a comprehensive understanding for remodeling heterogeneous fibrotic scars after SCI.
Subject(s)
Cicatrix , Fibroblasts , Fibrosis , Laminin , Spinal Cord Injuries , Animals , Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology , Spinal Cord Injuries/metabolism , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Fibroblasts/pathology , Cicatrix/pathology , Cicatrix/metabolism , Mice , Female , Laminin/metabolism , Meninges/pathology , Meninges/metabolism , Fibronectins/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Collagen Type I/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Pericytes/metabolism , Pericytes/pathology , Collagen Type IV/metabolism , Cholesterol/metabolismABSTRACT
People living with HIV (PWH) often experience an increased vulnerability to psychiatric disorders as a result of social stigma and discrimination. This study utilized latent profile analysis on a sample of 3040 Chinese PWH to identify distinct psychological profiles. Furthermore, the study investigated the relationships between these profiles with interpersonal personalities, demographic characteristics, social variables and disease-related variables using a three-step regression (R3STEP). The findings from the latent profile analysis revealed that the psychological symptoms of PWH can be categorized into three distinct classes. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that interpersonal personalities, region, sex, age, religious beliefs, marital status, occupation, monthly income, time of HIV infection diagnosis and transmission route were significant factors associated with the psychological profiles of PWH. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of individualized management strategies for PWH and contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying psychological symptoms of PWH.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Humans , Female , Male , Adult , HIV Infections/psychology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Interpersonal Relations , Young Adult , Personality/physiology , China/epidemiology , Social Stigma , AdolescentABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cystatin SA (CST2) plays multiple roles in different types of malignant tumours; however, its role in serous ovarian cancer (SOC) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression levels, survival outcomes, immune cell infiltration, proliferation, cell cycle, and underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the CST2 signature in SOC. METHODS: The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to acquire clinical information and CST2 expression profiles from patients with SOC. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare CST2 expression levels between SOC and normal ovarian tissues. A prognostic assessment of CST2 was conducted using Cox regression analysis and the Kaplan-Meier method. Differentially expressed genes were identified using functional enrichment analysis. Immune cell infiltration was examined using a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Cell cycle characteristics and proliferation were assessed using a colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and a cell counting kit-8 assay. Western blots and quantitative reverse transcription PCR analyses were employed to examine CST2 expressions and related genes involved in the cell cycle and the Wnt-ß-catenin signalling pathway. RESULTS: Our findings revealed significant upregulation of CST2 in SOC, and elevated CST2 expression was correlated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics and unfavourable prognoses. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted the association between the cell cycle and the Wnt signalling pathway. Moreover, increased CST2 levels were positively correlated with immune cell infiltration. Functionally, CST2 played vital roles in promoting cell proliferation, orchestrating the G1-to-S phase transition, and driving malignant SOC progression through activating the Wnt-ß-catenin signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated expression of CST2 may be related to the occurrence and progression of SOC by activating the Wnt-ß-catenin pathway. Additionally, our findings suggest that CST2 is a promising novel biomarker with potential applications in therapeutic, prognostic, and diagnostic strategies for SOC.
Serous ovarian cancer is a type of gynecological malignant tumour with high mortality rates. Understanding this disease is crucial for improving treatments and enhancing patient survival. In our study, we investigated a protein called CST2 and its role in serous ovarian cancer. We found that CST2 levels vary among patients and are associated with the progression of cancer and the prognosis of the patient, which could be valuable for future diagnosis and treatment strategies. However, further research is needed to validate these findings. Despite its limitations, our findings suggest that CST2 holds promise as a potential biomarker for detecting serous ovarian cancer and as a therapeutic target in the management of patients with this type of cancer.
Subject(s)
Cell Cycle , Cell Proliferation , Ovarian Neoplasms , Wnt Signaling Pathway , Humans , Female , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism , Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Cell Cycle/genetics , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Cell Line, Tumor , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The development of antiretroviral therapy broadly extends the life expectancy of persons living with HIV (PLHIV). However, stigma and discrimination are still great threat to these individuals and the world's public health care system. Accurate and reproducible measures are prerequisites for robust results. Therefore, it is essential to choose an acceptable measure with satisfactory psychometric properties to assess stigma and discrimination. There has been no systematic review of different stigma and discrimination tools in the field of HIV care. Researchers and clinical practitioners do not have a solid reference for selecting stigma and discrimination measurement tools. METHODS: We systematically searched English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, The Cochrane Library, CNKI,, and Wanfang, to obtain literature about stigma and discrimination measurement tools that have been developed and applied in the field of HIV. The search period was from 1st January, 1996 to 22nd November 2021. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guideline (2018 version) was applied to assess the risk of bias for each involved study and summarize the psychometric properties of each tool. The modified version of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and, Evaluation (GRADE) method was used to grade the evidence and develop recommendations. RESULTS: We included 45 studies and 19 PROMs for HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination among PLHIV. All studies had sufficient methodological quality in content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, and the hypothesis testing of structural validity. Limited evidence was found for cross-cultural validity, stability, and criterion validity. No relevant evidence was found concerning measurement error and responsiveness. The Internalized AIDS-related Stigma Scale (IARSS), Internalized HIV Stigma Scale (IHSS), and Wright's HIV stigma scale (WHSS) are recommended for use. CONCLUSIONS: This study recommends three PROMs for different stigma and discrimination scenarios, including IARSS for its good quality and convenience, IHSS for its broader range of items, higher sensitivity, and greater precision, and WHSS for its comprehensive and quick screening. Researchers should also consider the relevance and feasibility of the measurements before putting them into practice. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022308579.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Psychometrics , Social Stigma , Humans , HIV Infections/psychologyABSTRACT
Understanding the doseâresponse relationship between patient engagement in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and health outcomes is critical for developing and implementing effective CBT programs. In studies of CBT interventions, patient engagement is measured only at a single time point, and outcomes are typically assessed before and after the intervention. Examination of the doseâresponse relationship between patient engagement in CBT and outcomes is limited. It is unclear whether a doseâresponse relationship exists between patient engagement in on-site CBT intervention and anxiety and depression in people living with HIV (PLWH). If present, does this doseâresponse relationship occur early or later in the intervention? This study aimed to address this gap by examining the doseâresponse relationships between patient engagement and anxiety and depression in CBT interventions among PLWH. Utilizing data from a pilot randomized trial (10 participants) and a clinical controlled trial (70 participants), our secondary analysis spans baseline, 3-month, and 6-month assessments. Both trials implemented the nurse-led CBT intervention. Cluster analysis identified two groups based on on-site attendance and WeChat activity. Patients with good adherence (6-10 times) of on-site attendance exhibited significantly lower anxiety and depression scores at 3 months (ß = 1.220, P = 0.047; ß = 1.270, P = 0.019), with no significant differences observed at 6 months. WeChat activity did not significantly influence anxiety or depression scores. The findings highlight a significant short-term doseâresponse relationship, endorsing nurse-led CBT interventions for mental health in PLWH. Organizational strategies should focus on incentivizing and facilitating patient engagement, particularly through enhancing WeChat features.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Depression , HIV Infections , Patient Participation , Humans , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Male , Female , Pilot Projects , Depression/therapy , Patient Participation/psychology , Middle Aged , Adult , HIV Infections/psychology , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/therapy , Anxiety/therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Gaining insights and feedback from HIV peer volunteers about their peer support practice is crucial for optimizing and enhancing the effectiveness and sustainability of peer support for people with HIV. There is a dearth of systematic reviews that explore the experiences of HIV peer volunteers about their peer support experience. This study aims to consolidate qualitative research on the experiences of peer support participation for HIV peer volunteers, to provide inspiration and reference for HIV peer support practice. METHODS: A meta-aggregation approach was employed to synthesize qualitative studies. Electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed and gray literature published in English and Chinese between 1996 and September 2022. Two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality and extracted data from the included studies. The meta-aggregation approach developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was utilized to synthesize the findings. RESULTS: A total of 2610 studies were initially identified through the database search, and twenty-two eligible studies were included in the meta-synthesis. Among the included studies, five presented synthesized findings on the following topics: firstly, taking people with HIV as HIV peer volunteers shows specific motivations and advantages when engaging in peer support practice. Secondly, HIV peer volunteers reinforce the connections between people with HIV and medical institutions, ensuring continuity of care and compensating for the limited availability of medical resources. Thirdly, HIV peer volunteers are capable of providing people with HIV with a higher level of support. Additionally, participating in peer support practice can also yield personal benefits for HIV peer volunteers. Finally, HIV peer support programs face both opportunities and challenges. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to take more flexible and effective approaches to address resource allocation and social support for people with HIV. Peer support presents a mutually beneficial option that holds significant implications for public health systems, clinical healthcare providers, people with HIV, and HIV peer volunteers. It is imperative to develop effective models for HIV peer support practice. Collaborative efforts between relevant departments and personnel, alongside HIV peer volunteers, should be undertaken to formulate support strategies. Additionally, efforts should be made to identify and guide people with HIV into the healthcare system, facilitating comprehensive treatment and care continuity. These measures aim to further reduce HIV transmission, improve the quality of life for people with HIV, and advance the "normalization" of HIV.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Peer Group , Qualitative Research , Volunteers , Humans , HIV Infections/psychology , Volunteers/psychology , Social SupportABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: With the improved life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) due to widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is a greater emphasis on enhancing long-term well-being and overall quality of life for PLWH. Understanding interpersonal personalities of PLWH can gain further insight into how to improve the overall quality of life in this population. The International Personality Item Pool-Interpersonal Circumplex (IPIP-IPC) scale has been developed to assess interpersonal personalities of individuals, and this scale has been translated into Chinese. However, the Chinese version of IPIP-IPC has not been tested among PLWH in China. In this study, we aimed to test the psychometric properties and circumplex structure of this scale. Methods: This study was based on cross-sectional, multi-center, large sample data. We employed the Chinese version of IPIP-IPC scale on 3040 PLWH from April 2022 to April 2023 in China to test its psychometric as well as circumplex properties. The structural summary method (SSM) was employed to analyze the circumplex structure of the scale. Results: The total scale exhibited a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85 and McDonald's omega of 0.91. Out of the 288 possible relationships, 275 relationships satisfy the circular properties hypothesis. The scale demonstrates good reliability and validity, meeting the requirements of psychometrics. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the Chinese version of the IPIP-IPC scale is a reliable tool for evaluating interpersonal personalities in this population. These results highlight the validity and applicability of the IPIP-IPC scale specifically in the Chinese context, providing valuable insights into the intricacies of interpersonal traits among PLWH.
ABSTRACT
Currently, aquaculture is a relatively mature industry; however, disease problems are continuously threatening the industry and hindering its development to a certain extent. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the zoonotic bacteria widely present in different hosts and has caused some degree of harm to the aquaculture industry, posing a potential threat to the water environment and indirectly also affecting human food safety issues. In this study, K. pneumoniae was isolated from the aquaculture environment, named as ELD, and subjected to pathogenic and immunological related studies. The results of the study showed that the strain carries at least four virulence-related genes, magA, wabG, ureA and uge, and has developed resistance to at least seven antibacterial drugs, such as amoxicillin, doxycycline, rifampicin, and so on. Moreover, the strain is highly pathogenic and is capable of causing systemic clinical foci in Procypris merus. In addition, after infection with K. pneumoniae, the expression of IL-1ß, IL-8, HSP70 and C2 was upregulated in P. merus as a whole, whereas the expression of TNF-α did not change significantly in any of the tissues, which might be a kind of immune response of P. merus against K. pneumoniae infection. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the in-depth exploration of the pathogenic mechanism of K. pneumoniae in fish and the immune response that occurs after the disease is contracted in fish, as well as theoretical support for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies against K. pneumoniae-infected aquatic animals in the future.
Subject(s)
Cyprinidae , Fish Diseases , Humans , Animals , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Virulence/genetics , Virulence Factors/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , ImmunityABSTRACT
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes tissue structure damage and composition changes of the neural parenchyma, resulting in severe consequences for spinal cord function. Mimicking the components and microstructure of spinal cord tissues holds promise for restoring the regenerative microenvironment after SCI. Here, we have utilized electrospinning technology to develop aligned decellularized spinal cord fibers (A-DSCF) without requiring synthetic polymers or organic solvents. A-DSCF preserves multiple types of spinal cord extracellular matrix proteins and forms a parallel-oriented structure. Compared to aligned collagen fibers (A-CF), A-DSCF exhibits stronger mechanical properties, improved enzymatic stability, and superior functionality in the adhesion, proliferation, axonal extension, and myelination of differentiated neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Notably, axon extension or myelination has been primarily linked to Agrin (AGRN), Laminin (LN), or Collagen type IV (COL IV) proteins in A-DSCF. When transplanted into rats with complete SCI, A-DSCF loaded with NPCs improves the survival, maturation, axon regeneration, and motor function of the SCI rats. These findings highlight the potential of structurally and compositionally biomimetic scaffolds to promote axonal extension and remyelination after SCI.
Subject(s)
Remyelination , Spinal Cord Injuries , Rats , Animals , Axons , Nerve Regeneration , Spinal Cord , Spinal Cord Injuries/therapyABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.07.002.].
ABSTRACT
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a virus with high fatality rate in the grouper culture industry. The outbreak of SGIV is often accompanied by a large number of grouper deaths, which has a great impact on the economy. Therefore, it is of great significance to find effective drugs against SGIV. It has been reported that edaravone is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, most widely used clinically in recent years, but no report has been found exploring the effect of edaravone on SGIV infections. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral effect of edaravone against SGIV, and the anti-SGIV mechanism of edaravone was also explored. It was found that the safe concentration of edaravone on grouper spleen (GS) cells was 50 µg/mL, and it possessed antiviral activity against SGIV infection in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, edaravone could significantly disrupt SGIV particles and interference with SGIV binding to host cells, as well as SGIV replication in host cells. However, edaravone was not effective during the SGIV invasion into host cells. This study was the first time that it was determined that edaravone could exert antiviral effects in response to SGIV infection by directly interfering with the processes of SGIV infecting cells, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the control of grouper virus disease.
Subject(s)
Bass , DNA Virus Infections , Fish Diseases , Iridovirus , Ranavirus , Animals , Bass/metabolism , Edaravone/pharmacology , Ranavirus/physiology , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Fish Diseases/drug therapy , DNA Virus Infections/drug therapy , DNA Virus Infections/veterinary , Fish Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To identify, critically appraise, compare, and summarize the measurement properties of existing instruments that assess the supportive environment of dementia special care units (DSCUs). DESIGN: Systematic review of measurement properties consistent with Consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) guidelines. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed were searched from inception to July 21, 2023. Studies that (1) measured the supportive environment for DSCUs using any type of assessment instrument and (2) evaluated 1 or more psychometric properties of a DSCU's supportive environment assessment instruments were included. METHODS: Two reviewers independently screened, selected, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. RESULTS: Fourteen studies were identified that reported the psychometric properties of 8 assessment instruments. The Therapeutic Environment Screening Survey for Nursing Homes (TESS-NH) exhibited relatively better results on methodological risk of bias and quality of the psychometric properties. None of the instruments reported the evaluations on hypothesis testing, cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance, measurement error, or responsiveness. Based on the summary of 32 dimensions from 8 assessment instruments, this review established 7 functional constructs for the supportive environment for DSCUs: safety maintenance, space design, external resources, sensory stimulation, humanistic care, residual function development, and professional care. In addition, this study also initially developed a conceptual framework for the supportive environment of DSCUs. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: TESS-NH received the rating of "best methodological quality" and outperformed other weakly recommended scales. Further studies should pay attention to developing or revalidating scales for assessing the supportive environment of DSCUs in large multicenter samples following the COSMIN methodology. Furthermore, the conceptual framework for the DSCU supportive environment will provide a theoretical reference for facilitating their hierarchical establishment and governance within diverse long-term care facilities by state authorities.
Subject(s)
Dementia , Nursing Homes , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Consensus , Psychometrics , Dementia/therapy , Reproducibility of Results , Multicenter Studies as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Knowledge graph-based recommender systems offer the possibility of meeting the personalized needs of people with dementia and their caregivers. However, the usability of such a recommender system remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the usability of a knowledge graph-based dementia care intelligent recommender system (DCIRS). METHODS: We used a convergent mixed methods design to conduct the usability evaluation, including the collection of quantitative and qualitative data. Participants were recruited through social media advertisements. After 2 weeks of DCIRS use, feedback was collected with the Computer System Usability Questionnaire and semistructured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sociodemographic characteristics and questionnaire scores. Qualitative data were analyzed systematically using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 56 caregivers were recruited. Quantitative data suggested that the DCIRS was easy for caregivers to use, and the mean questionnaire score was 2.14. Qualitative data showed that caregivers generally believed that the content of the DCIRS was professional, easy to understand, and instructive, and could meet users' personalized needs; they were willing to continue to use it. However, the DCIRS also had some shortcomings. Functions that enable interactions between professionals and caregivers and that provide caregiver support and resource recommendations might be added to improve the system's usability. CONCLUSIONS: The recommender system provides a solution to meet the personalized needs of people with dementia and their caregivers and has the potential to substantially improve health outcomes. The next step will be to optimize and update the recommender system based on caregivers' suggestions and evaluate the effect of the application.
Subject(s)
Dementia , Pattern Recognition, Automated , Humans , Computer Systems , Data Accuracy , Intelligence , Dementia/therapyABSTRACT
Background: A shift in research interest from separate care problem to care problem clusters among caregivers of people living with dementia may contribute to a better understanding of dementia care. However, the care problems network among caregivers of people living with dementia are still unknown. This study aimed to identify care problem clusters and core care problems, and explore demographic variables associated with these care problem clusters among caregivers of people living with dementia. Methods: Participants were recruited through memory clinics and WeChat groups. The principal component analysis was applied to identify care problem clusters. The network analysis was conducted to describe the relationships among care problems and clusters. Multiple linear models were used to explore the associated factors for the occurrence of the overall care problems and top three central care problem clusters. Results: A total of 1,012 carer-patient pairs were included in the analysis. Nine care problem clusters were identified. In the entire care problem network, "deterioration in activities of daily living" was the most core care problem cluster across the three centrality indices, followed by "verbal and nonverbal aggression" and "loss of activities of daily living." Variables including marital status, years of dementia diagnosis, number of dementia medication type, and caregiver's educational attainment were associated with the prevalence of these three care problem clusters. Conclusion: Our study suggests that there is a need to evaluate care problem clusters for the improvement of care problem management among people living with dementia. It is particularly important to include assessment and treatment of core care problem as an essential component of the dementia care.
Subject(s)
Caregivers , Dementia , Humans , Aged , Activities of Daily Living , Educational Status , Linear Models , Dementia/epidemiology , Dementia/therapyABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to introduce the development of a social media-based HIV knowledge dissemination platform and evaluate its dissemination effects, users' feedback, and preferences. Methods: A social media-based HIV knowledge dissemination platform ("Lihui Space") was developed as a WeChat Official Account (WOA) to disseminate HIV-related information and knowledge to the public and answer subscribers' questions. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 784 platform subscribers between July 2021 and September 2021 to evaluate users' experiences with and preferences for the platform. This platform included three content levels about HIV-related information and knowledge: individual level (health self-management), community level (social function), and society level (news and policy), and dissemination information through texts, pictures, videos, and websites. A descriptive analysis was conducted to estimate the dissemination effects of the platform and evaluation scores. Results: As of September 16, 2021, this platform's WeChat Communication Index (WCI) score was 923.60, the total number of users was 100,008, and the total views in one month was more than 724,000. Participants reported a high level of satisfaction with this platform in terms of overall evaluation (23.36 ± 3.06), readability (18.46 ± 2.63), function evaluation (13.93 ± 1.92), design and structure (22.96 ± 3.36), and interactivity (12.56 ± 2.69). Conclusion: This social media-based platform is currently available in the WeChat application. It is a promising tool for HIV knowledge dissemination and addressing disparities in accessing health care resources.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to apply COnsensus-based standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology to review psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of HIV-related stigma and/or discrimination. INTRODUCTION: Due to the development of antiretroviral therapy, the life expectancy of people living with HIV is similar to the life expectancy of the rest of the population. However, HIV-related stigma and discrimination are still major barriers to improving the quality of life of persons living with HIV. These barriers are a threat to these individuals and the world's public health care systems. Accurate and reproducible PROMs are prerequisites for robust and reliable results. Therefore, it is important to choose acceptable PROMs with satisfactory psychometric properties to assess HIV-related stigma and/or discrimination. However, there has been no systematic review of HIV-related stigma or discrimination PROMs in the field of HIV care. INCLUSION CRITERIA: All studies including adults (age ≥18 years) living with HIV will be eligible for inclusion in this review. The review will consider studies that report 1 or more psychometric properties of HIV-related stigma and/or discrimination PROMs. We will consider studies conducted in any country or setting published in English or Chinese. METHODS: Nine databases will be searched from January 1, 1996, to the present, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang. Assessment of methodological quality, data extraction, data synthesis, and assessing certainty in the findings will be conducted using the COSMIN methodology. REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022308579.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Quality of Life , Adult , Humans , Adolescent , Delivery of Health Care , Psychometrics , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Patient Reported Outcome Measures , Systematic Reviews as TopicABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Disinfecting gloves during patient care has potential benefits and risks. In recent years, disinfection of disposable medical gloves for prolonged use has occurred in clinical practice. However, there is limited high-level evidence to know if this practice can prevent nosocomial infections, reduce microbial levels on the glove surface. This concept was researched using a scoping review to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of disinfecting disposable gloves for prolonged use. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The review will be conducted in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review methodology framework. From the date of database construction to 10 February 2023, the following 16 electronic databases in English and Chinese will be searched: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, SinoMed Database, Google Scholar, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, WHO, China CDC, International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium and European Medicines Agency Science Medicines Health. The screening and data extraction of the study will be carried out by two reviewers (KL and SH). Differences between the two reviewers will be handled through negotiation. If there are still differences, they will be discussed with a third reviewer. Any study, for example, intervention study or observational study, that provide insights about the disinfection of disposable medical gloves for prolonged use will be included. Data charts will be used to extract relevant data from the included studies. Results will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews, to define the scope of evaluation. A narrative summary will be completed to synthesise key research findings and background information on the disinfection of gloved hands. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval will not be required because only publicly available data will be analysed. The findings from the scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings. By highlighting the feasibility and effectiveness of the disinfection of gloved hands in the literature, this review will provide direction for future research and clinical guidelines. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This scoping review protocol has been registered in the Open Science Framework (registration number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/M4U8N).
Subject(s)
Disinfection , Research Design , Humans , Feasibility Studies , China , Observational Studies as Topic , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
Introduction: The bacterium Elizabethkingia miricola is a multispecies pathogen associated with meningitis-like disease that has been isolated from several amphibian species, including the bullfrog, but this is the first isolation in Guangxi. In the present study, the dominant bacteria were isolated from the brains of five bullfrogs with meningitis-like disease on a South China farm in Guangxi. Methods: The NFEM01 isolate was identified by Gram staining; morphological observations; 16S rRNA, rpoB, and mutT-based phylogenetic tree analysis; and physiochemical characterization and was subjected to drug sensitivity and artificial infection testing. Results and discussion: As a result of identification, the NFEM01 strain was found to be E. miricola. An artificial infection experiment revealed that NFEM01 infected bullfrogs and could cause symptoms of typical meningitis-like disease. As a result of the bacterial drug sensitivity test, NFEM01 is highly sensitive to mequindox, rifampicin, enrofloxacin, nitrofural, and oxytetracycline and there was strong resistance to gentamicin, florfenicol, neomycin, penicillin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, and sulfamonomethoxine. This study provides a reference to further study the pathogenesis mechanism of E. miricola-induced bullfrog meningitislike disease and its prevention and treatment.
Subject(s)
Meningitis , Animals , Rana catesbeiana/genetics , Rana catesbeiana/microbiology , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Phylogeny , ChinaABSTRACT
High temperature is a main cause to result in the outbreak of tilapia streptococcal disease. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we first confirmed that tilapia infected with Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) had a higher mortality at high temperature (35 °C) than that at normal temperature (28 °C). Subsequently, the effects of high temperature on gene expression pattern of S. agalactiae and intestinal microbiota of tilapia were respectively detected by RNA-seq and 16S rDNA sequencing. RNA-seq identified 357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S. agalactiae cultured at 28 °C and 35 °C. GO and KEGG analysis showed that these DEGs were highly involved in metabolic processes, including glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolisms, which indicates that S. agalactiae have stronger vitality and are likely to be more infectious under high temperature. Microbiota analysis revealed that high temperature could influence the bacterial community composition of tilapia intestine, accompanied by changes in intestinal structure. Compared to feed at 28 °C, the total bacterial species as well as pathogens, such as norank_f__Rhizobiales_Incertae_Sedis, Pseudorhodoplanes, Ancylobacter, in tilapia intestine were significantly increased at 35 °C, which may weaken the immune resistance of tilapia. Taken together, our results suggest that high temperature evoked tilapia susceptible to S. agalactiae should be the combined effect of enhanced S. agalactiae metabolism and dysregulated tilapia intestinal microbiota.