Apexification and Repair of Root Fracture with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate - A Case Report with 5-Year Follow-up.

Young patients are most susceptible to trauma which involves teeth and their supporting structures. Severity can vary from simple enamel fracture to complete tooth avulsion. The treatment modality ranges from a noninvasive procedure to surgical intervention. The present case report describes the unique management, 5-year follow-up, and prognosis of a 10-year-old child diagnosed with lateral luxation and horizontal apical root fracture of maxillary central incisor with open apex.

Effect of Audioanalgesia in 6- to 12-year-old Children during Dental Treatment Procedure.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the effect of audioanalgesia in 6- to 12-year-old children during dental treatment procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 children were selected and divided into two groups, study group - with audioanalgesia and control group - without audioanalgesia. The value of their pain was evaluated using Venham's pain rating scale. Data were compared using one-sample t-test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA), version 17.0. RESULTS: The difference in the control group and study group was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The method of distraction using audioanalgesia instills better positive dental attitude in children and decreases their pain perception. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Playing or hearing music during dental procedure significantly alters the perception of pain in 6- to 12-year-old children.

Effect of protective coating on marginal integrity of nanohybrid composite during bleaching with carbamide peroxide: A microleakage study.

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the microleakage on the marginal integrity of nanohybrid composite during bleaching with carbamide peroxide after applying a protective coating of G-Coat plus (GC, Japan). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class V cavities were prepared and restored with nanohybrid composite restoration in 60 freshly extracted noncarious premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. Then they were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 - bleaching with carbamide peroxide without G coat plus (n = 20), Group 2 - bleaching with carbamide peroxide with G-Coat plus (n = 20), Group 3 - without bleaching procedure (n = 20) (control group). In Group 2, G coat plus was applied over the restorative surface and margins. Then all teeth in Groups 1 and 2 were taken and mounted in dental stone. Bleaching trays were custom fabricated over the cast with the help of a heated vacuum-forming machine. 10% carbamide peroxide (opalescence PF) was applied over the tooth, and the bleaching process was done for about 2 weeks. Then all samples underwent thermocycling and were then immersed in the 2% methylene blue solution for 24 h and observed under a stereomicroscope to evaluate the amount of dye penetration. Data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test using SPSS Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA, Version 17.0. RESULTS: Mann-Whitney test shows that the difference in microleakage between Group 1-Group 2 and Group 2-Group 3 is statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Significant reduction in microleakage was seen in Group 2 when compared to other groups.

Root canal treatment of mandibular second premolar with three separate roots and canals using spiral computed tomographic.

Anatomic and internal morphology of a root canal system is more complex and differs for each individual tooth of which mandibular premolars have earned the reputation for having aberrant anatomy. The occurrence of three canals with three separate foramina in mandibular second premolars is very rare. A wider knowledge on both clinical and radiological anatomy especially spiral computed tomographic is absolutely essential for the success of endodontic treatment. These teeth may require skillful and special root canal special shaping and obturating techniques. This paper reports an unusual case of a mandibular second premolar with atypical canal pattern that was successfully treated endodontically.

Oral manifestation of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in a 2-year-old patient.

Ichthyosis is a heterogeneous family of hereditary keratinisation disorders mostly characterized by variable erythema of the whole body and different scaling patterns. Although these disorders affect tissues of epidermal origin, there is little evidence regarding the oral and dental manifestations of Lamellar Ichthyosis. A case report of early childhood caries in lamellar ichthyosis is presented and the dental consideration and management is discussed in this paper.