3D printed ventilation tubes and their effect on biological models.

BACKGROUND: Acute otitis media (AOM) causes inflammation and hearing loss. Ventilation tubes are key in treatment. 3D printing improves prostheses in otorhinolaryngology, offering precision and greater adaptability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental study was conducted with Wistar rats from July to December 2020. 3D tympanostomy tube models were designed, with technical specifications and tests performed on inexpensive 3D printers. The tympanostomy tube was inserted endoscopically. RESULTS: Procedures were performed on five rats with implants in both ears. Pre-intervention pathologies, such as atical retraction and glue ear, were found. The PLA-printed tympanostomy tube showed improvement after adjustments. Histopathological results revealed significant middle and inner ear damage. CONCLUSION: In our study, the design and 3D printing of implants fulfilled the desired functions when modified, with a height of 5 mm. Complications included PLA degradation and ear damage. There were no adverse events during observation, highlighting the need for further research on 3D-printed implants.

Diagnostic Efficacy of Chest Computed Tomography with a Dual-Reviewer Approach in Patients Diagnosed with Pneumonia Secondary to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

To compare the diagnostic effectiveness of chest computed tomography (CT) utilizing a single- versus a dual-reviewer approach in patients with pneumonia secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we conducted a retrospective observational study of data from a cross-section of 4809 patients with probable SARS-CoV-2 from March to November 2020. All patients had a CT radiological report and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. A dual-reviewer approach was applied to two groups while conducting a comparative examination of the data. Reviewer 1 reported 108 patients negative and 374 patients positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in group A, and 266 negative and 142 positive in group B. Reviewer 2 reported 150 patients negative and 332 patients positive for COVID-19 in group A, and 277 negative and 131 positive in group B. The consensus result reported 87 patients negative and 395 positive for COVID-19 in group A and 274 negative and 134 positive in group B. These findings suggest that a dual-reviewer approach improves chest CT diagnosis compared to a conventional single-reviewer approach.

Ayahuasca, Personality and Acute Psychological Effects in Neo-Shamanic and Religious Settings in Uruguay.

This study is an interdisciplinary research into Uruguayan ayahuasca users belonging to one neo-shamanic and one Santo Daime group. The study involved the chemical analysis of ayahuasca samples, an ethnographic description of the two traditions and rituals, and the application of psychometric scales to measure personality differences, and the acute psychological effects during an ayahuasca ritual. Personality measurements showed lower scores for Santo Daime in Neuroticism-Anxiety, Dependence, Low Self-Esteem, Anger and Restlessness. These differences may be related to the presence of participants under treatment in the neo-shamanic group and/or to the protective effects of a church religion such as Santo Daime. Regarding acute effects, the neo-shamanic group showed higher scores in Somesthesia and Perception, which can be related to the high-arousal ritual setting. Chemical analysis for the ayahuasca samples showed a typical composition of alkaloids. No adulterants were found. The sample from the neo-shamanic group displayed a higher ß-carbolines:DMT ratio compared to the Santo Daime sample, which could be related to the higher effects observed for Somesthesia for the neo-shamanic group. Significant positive correlations between some personality traits and acute effects were found only in the neo-shamanic group, which may be related to the more individualistic approach of this tradition.

Consideraciones didácticas acerca de la modalidad no presencial en las universidades / Didactic Considerations about the Non-Face-to-Face Modality in Universities

Introducción: La modalidad no presencial del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se incrementó como respuesta a las condiciones creadas por la COVID-19, sin la necesaria preparación y experiencia de los docentes para implementarla. Objetivo: Proponer algunas consideraciones didácticas que tributan al adecuado manejo del docente de los componentes del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la implementación de la modalidad no presencial. Posicionamiento de los autores: La exitosa implementación de cualquier variante de modalidad no presencial dependerá de la preparación del docente, particularmente en Didáctica, al asumir las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones como medios de enseñanza en la misión de hacer que sus estudiantes aprendan. Conclusiones: La no presencialidad en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se considera una alternativa viable en circunstancias de pandemia u otras equivalentes, y debe ser una modalidad complementaria en la etapa posCOVID-19. Así que los profesores tendrán que replantear el proceso en todos sus componentes, en un contexto digital que ya no tiene vuelta atrás(AU)

Introduction: Within the teaching-learning process, the non-face-to-face modality was increased as a response to the conditions created by COVID-19, but without the necessary preparation and experience for professors to implement it. Objective: To propose some didactic considerations that contribute to the professor's adequate management of the components of the teaching-learning process in the implementation of the non-face-to-face modality. Authors' position: The successful implementation of any variant of the non-face-to-face modality will depend on the professor's preparation, particularly in didactics, when assuming information and communication technologies as teaching means in the mission of making their students learn. Conclusions: Within the teaching-learning process, the non-face-to-face condition is considered a viable alternative in pandemic, or other equivalent, circumstances; it should be a complementary modality in the post-COVID-19 stage. Thus, professors will have to rethink the process focusing on all its components, within a digital context that has no turning back(AU)

Reactivity of the Iboga Skeleton: Oxidation Study of Ibogaine and Voacangine.

The iboga alkaloids scaffold shows great potential as a pharmacophore in drug candidates for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, the study of the reactivity of this type of motif is particularly useful for the generation of new analogs suitable for medicinal chemistry goals. In this article, we analyzed the oxidation pattern of ibogaine and voacangine using dioxygen, peroxo compounds, and iodine as oxidizing agents. Special focus was placed on the study of the regio- and stereochemistry of the oxidation processes according to the oxidative agent and starting material. We found that the C16-carboxymethyl ester present in voacangine stabilizes the whole molecule toward oxidation in comparison to ibogaine, especially in the indole ring, where 7-hydroxy- or 7-peroxy-indolenines can be obtained as oxidation products. Nevertheless, the ester moiety enhances the reactivity of the isoquinuclidinic nitrogen to afford C3-oxidized products through a regioselective iminium formation. This differential reactivity between ibogaine and voacangine was rationalized using computational DFT calculations. In addition, using qualitative and quantitative NMR experiments combined with theoretical calculations, the absolute stereochemistry at C7 in the 7-hydroxyindolenine of voacangine was revised to be S, which corrects previous reports proposing an R configuration.

New Insights into the Chemical Composition of Ayahuasca.

Ayahuasca is a psychedelic beverage originally from the Amazon rainforest used in different shamanic settings for medicinal, spiritual, and cultural purposes. It is prepared by boiling in water an admixture of the Amazonian vine Banisteriopsis caapi, which is a source of ß-carboline alkaloids, with plants containing N,N-dimethyltryptamine, usually Psychotria viridis. While previous studies have focused on the detection and quantification of the alkaloids present in the drink, less attention has been given to other nonalkaloid components or the composition of the solids suspended in the beverage, which may also affect its psychoactive properties. In this study, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to study the composition of ayahuasca samples, to determine their alkaloid qualitative and quantitative profiles, as well as other major soluble and nonsoluble components. For the first time, fructose was detected as a major component of the samples, while harmine (a ß-carboline previously described as an abundant alkaloid in ayahuasca) was found to be present in the solids suspended in the beverage. In addition, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), harmine, tetrahydroharmine, harmaline, and harmol were identified as the major alkaloids present in extracts of all samples. Finally, a novel, easy, and fast method using quantitative NMR was developed and validated to simultaneously quantify the content of these alkaloids found in each ayahuasca sample.

Implementación de un programa de superación profesional sobre Didáctica en docentes noveles de Estomatología / Implementation of a program of professional improvement in Didactics in new Dentistry teachers

RESUMEN Fundamento: en la educación médica superior cubana, la superación profesional constituye una vía importante para lograr el perfeccionamiento y/o completamiento de la preparación en Didáctica del claustro de profesores. Objetivo: socializar los resultados obtenidos en la implementación del programa de superación en Didáctica. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad de Estomatología de Villa Clara durante los años 2016 a 2019. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; empíricos: prueba pedagógica, triangulación y prexperimento pedagógico; y estadísticos y/o de procesamiento matemático: cálculo de frecuencias y prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: la evaluación de la variable dependiente por niveles en el prexperimento pedagógico mostró que la totalidad de los docentes transitó de nivel en ambas dimensiones. La prueba estadística seleccionada permitió comparar los valores de frecuencias y como p = 0,000 < 0,05 se puede afirmar con un alto nivel de confiabilidad que el programa de superación causó diferencias entre los resultados al inicio y al final en su preparación Didáctica. Conclusiones: se manifestó la viabilidad de este programa y sus posibilidades de provocar cambios positivos en la preparación en Didáctica en los docentes, en correspondencia con las particularidades del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la Estomatología.

ABSTRACT Background: in Cuban higher medical education, professional development constitutes an important way to achieve the improvement and / or completion of the teaching staff's preparation in Didactics. Objective: to socialize the results obtained in the implementation of the program of improvement in Didactics. Methods: a development investigation was carried out at the Dentistry Faculty of Villa Clara during from 2016 to 2019. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; empirical ones: pedagogical test, contrast of information and pedagogical pre-experiment; and statistical and / or mathematical processing: frequency calculation and Wilcoxon test. Results: the evaluation of the dependent variable by levels in the pedagogical pre- experiment showed that all the teachers went through the level in both dimensions. The selected statistical test allowed comparing the frequency values ​​and as p = 0.000 <0.05 it can be stated with a high level of reliability that the improvement program caused differences between the results at the beginning and at the end in its Didactic preparation. Conclusions: the viability of this program and its possibilities of causing positive changes in the preparation of Didactics in teachers were expressed, in correspondence with the particularities of the teaching-learning process of Dentistry.

La superación profesional en didáctica para docentes de Estomatología / Didactics training for Odontology professors

Introducción: En la educación médica superior cubana la superación profesional es la vía para el perfeccionamiento de la preparación didáctica del claustro y un programa, que parte de las necesidades determinadas, se considera un resultado científico pertinente. Objetivo: Proponer un programa de superación en didáctica elaborado para los docentes de la carrera de Estomatología. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación de desarrollo para contribuir a la superación profesional en didáctica en los docentes de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Se utilizó una metodología que asume como método general el dialéctico-materialista, que en la especificidad de la etapa investigativa que se reporta es predominantemente cualitativa y empleó los métodos histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, sistémico-estructural y análisis documental. Resultados: Se presentaron las ideas fundamentales del programa, los cuales se adecuaron a las necesidades de superación profesional pedagógica en el contexto investigado. Se establecieron las exigencias y el manejo de las diversas formas organizativas que se combinan dentro de las acciones del programa. Conclusiones: La propuesta de un programa de superación profesional en didáctica para los docentes de Estomatología incluye diversidad de formas organizativas, responde a necesidades locales y está contextualizado a las particularidades del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la estomatología en Cuba(AU)

Introduction : in Cuban higher medical education, professional improvement is the way to perfect the teaching preparation of the faculty and a program that, based on the determined needs, is considered a pertinent scientific result. Objective : to propose the main ideas about a program of improvement in didactics prepared for the odontology teachers. Methods : a development investigation was carried out at Dentistry Faculty of Villa Clara´s Medical Sciences University. Some methods were used: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive systemic-structural and documentary analysis. Results : The program was adapted to the needs of professional pedagogical improvement in the investigated context. A synthesis of each aspects presented: introduction, general objective, foundation, structural components and evaluation. The structural components in each one of the areas are described in more details. It is pointed out on the novelty: the establishment of demands and the management of the various organizational forms that are combined within their actions. Conclusions : a professional improvement program is proposed for the preparation in teaching of dentistry teachers, which differs in its conception from what had traditionally been offered to them. It includes a diversity of complementary organizational forms, responds to local needs for pedagogical improvement and is contextualized to the particularities of the dentistry teaching-learning process in Cuba, among other attributes(AU)

La didáctica particular del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje en Estomatología: una fundamentación necesaria / The specific didactics of the teaching and learning process in Stomatology: a necessary background

RESUMEN Fundamento: se necesita desarrollar una Didáctica que responda a las particularidades del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la Estomatología y conferirle a la superación y la investigación en este campo el papel que le corresponde. Objetivo: fundamentar algunos preceptos teóricos sobre el uso de la didáctica particular de las ciencias médicas en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la Estomatología. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara durante los años 2016 a 2018. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético y sistémico estructural; empíricos: análisis documental, observación, grupos de enfoque y criterios de especialistas. Resultados: se constataron carencias en la aplicación de una didáctica particular en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje en Estomatología, por lo que se realizó un análisis donde se fundamentaron sus componentes personales y no personales con nuevos elementos que sirven como sustento teórico para la realización de cualquier investigación que tenga este proceso como objeto de estudio. Conclusiones: los fundamentos teóricos derivados del análisis recibieron una valoración favorable por los especialistas consultados porque proporcionaron elementos importantes en los procesos de profesionalización docente o pedagogización del claustro de esta carrera, y por tanto, demandan su inclusión en la superación profesional pedagógica de sus docentes.

ABSTRACT Background: a Didactics that meets the particularities of the teaching and learning process of Stomatology as well as to give to training and research its rightful role in this field, needs to be developed. Objective: to provide some theoretical precepts on the use of the specific didactics of medical sciences in the teaching and learning process in Stomatology. Methods: a development research was carried out in the Stomatology Faculty at the University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara from 2016 to 2018. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical method, analytical-synthetic method and systemic-structural method; empirical methods: documentary analysis method, observation method, focus groups method and specialist criteria method. Results: we found deficiencies in the application of a specific didactics in the teaching and learning process in Stomatology. Therefore, an analysis through which we provided the personal and non-personal components with new elements that serve as theoretical support to conduct any research study that has this process as study object, was carried out. Conclusions: theoretical foundations resulting from the analysis had a favorable assessment from specialists were asked because they provided important elements in the processes of teaching professionalization or pedagogy of the teaching staff of this career, and therefore, they demand this elements be included in pedagogical professional development for teachers from this faculty.

Caracterización de los componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en estomatología / Characterization of the components of the teaching-learning process in dental medicine

Introducción: Para que la universidad médica pueda cumplir su encargo social requiere de docentes preparados no solo en el contenido que enseñan, sino también en otros aspectos, entre los que se incluye la didáctica. Objetivo: Caracterizar los componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la estomatología en el contexto de la educación médica superior cubana. Desarrollo: En Cuba se aprecian esfuerzos por el perfeccionamiento del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje que forma a los profesionales en estomatología, fundamentalmente en cuanto al trabajo metodológico, el diseño curricular y la superación pedagógica de los docentes. Este trabajo se organiza a partir de los diferentes componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y según lo establece la ciencia que tiene como objeto de estudio la didáctica, por lo que se necesita promover el desarrollo de las didácticas particulares, atendiendo a las nuevas demandas que plantea el siglo xxi a las universidades médicas, pero sin desligarse de la didáctica general. Conclusiones: Los componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la estomatología presentan ciertos atributos peculiares en la educación médica superior cubana, por lo que esta podría tributar al desarrollo de su didáctica particular(AU)

Introduction: In order to fulfill its social assignment, medical university needs teachers trained not only in the content that they teach, but also in other aspects, including didactics. Objective: To characterize the components of the teaching-learning process of dental medicine in the context of Cuban higher medical education. Development: In Cuba, efforts are appreciated for the improvement of the teaching-learning process that trains dental medicine professionals, mainly in terms of methodological work, curriculum design and pedagogical upgrade of teachers. This work is organized based on the different components of the teaching-learning process and as it is established by the science that has didactics as its object of study, so it is necessary to promote the development of particular didactics, with a focus on the new demands posed by the twenty-first century to medical universities, but without detaching itself from general didactics. Conclusions: The components of the teaching-learning process of dental medicine present certain specific attributes in Cuban higher medical education, so that this could contribute to the development of their particular didactics(AU)

Superación pedagógica de los docentes noveles en Estomatología: una necesidad en Villa Clara / Pedagogical upgrading of newly graduated teachers in Dentistry: a need in Villa Clara

RESUMEN Fundamento: la formación científica de los docentes noveles de Estomatología tiene que estar acompañada de una preparación pedagógica, particularmente en las didácticas general y particular de las ciencias médicas. Objetivo: caracterizar la formación y superación pedagógica de los docentes noveles de la carrera de Estomatología de Villa Clara. Métodos: la investigación descriptiva se desarrolló en la Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara entre marzo del 2016 y julio del 2017. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos: observación, entrevista, encuesta en forma de cuestionario y la triangulación de los resultados. Resultados: se constató que la mayoría de los docentes muestreados son estomatólogos que imparten la docencia a tiempo parcial, recibieron el módulo de pedagogía durante la especialidad, pero menos de la mitad ha recibido el Curso Básico de Pedagogía y el diplomado de Educación Médica Superior, además se han desaprovechado otras actividades de superación como cursos, conferencias y talleres orientados hacia la profesionalización docente, por lo que refieren carencias en su accionar docente. Conclusiones: la caracterización realizada a los docentes noveles ha permitido constatar que presentan necesidades de aprendizaje, principalmente en el área de las didácticas -general y particular- lo cual fundamenta la necesidad de elaborar y ejecutar un programa de superación profesional en esta dirección.

ABSTRACT Background: the scientific training of the new Dentistry teachers has to be accompanied by a pedagogical preparation, particularly in the general and particular didactic of the medical sciences. Objective: to characterize the pedagogical training and upgrading of new teachers of the Dentistry degree in Villa Clara. Methods: the descriptive research was developed in the Dentistry Faculty, Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences from March 2016 to July 2017. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; and empirical ones: observation, interview, survey in the form of a questionnaire and the triangulation of the results. Results: it was found that the majority of sampled teachers are dentists who teach part-time, they received the module of pedagogy during the specialty, but less than half of them have received the Basic Course of Pedagogy and the diploma of Higher Medical Education, In addition, other overcoming activities have been missed, such as courses, lectures and workshops aimed at teaching professionalization, that´s why they report deficiencies in their teaching actions. Conclusions: the characterization of new teachers has shown that they have learning needs, mainly in the area of didactics -general and particular- which is the basis for the need to develop and carry out a professional upgrading program to this respect.

¿Qué didáctica desarrollar, la general y/o las particulares? Reflexiones desde su epistemología / What is the didactic to develop, the general and / or the particular ones? Reflections from his epistemology

Uno de los componentes esenciales que permite que la enseñanza superior pueda lograr su cometido es la didáctica, ciencia de peculiar desarrollo, cuyo dominio es ineludiblemente necesario para los docentes en general, y particularmente para los profesionales de la salud que ejercen la docencia. En este sentido, los autores se han propuesto con el presente artículo expresar mediante un análisis de la evolución de la didáctica desde finales del siglo XX hasta la fecha, su posición respecto a su necesaria contextualización en pleno siglo XXI, y su visión desde la didáctica particular de las ciencias médicas.

One of the essential components that allow higher education to achieve its purpose is didactics, science of peculiar development, whose command is inescapably necessary for teachers in general, and particularly for health professionals who teach. In this sense, the authors have proposed with this article to express through an analysis of the evolution of didactics since the end of the 20th century up to present time, its position regarding its necessary contextualization in the 21st century, and its vision from the particular didactics of the medical sciences.

Evidence-based guidelines for the use of tracheostomy in critically ill patients.

OBJECTIVES: To provide evidence-based guidelines for tracheostomy in critically ill adult patients and identify areas needing further research. METHODS: A taskforce composed of representatives of 10 member countries of the Pan-American and Iberic Federation of Societies of Critical and Intensive Therapy Medicine and of the Latin American Critical Care Trial Investigators Network developed recommendations based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. RESULTS: The group identified 23 relevant questions among 87 issues that were initially identified. In the initial search, 333 relevant publications were identified, of which 226 publications were chosen. The taskforce generated a total of 19 recommendations, 10 positive (1B, 3; 2C, 3; 2D, 4) and 9 negative (1B, 8; 2C, 1). A recommendation was not possible in 6 questions. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous techniques are associated with a lower risk of infections compared with surgical tracheostomy. Early tracheostomy only seems to reduce the duration of ventilator use but not the incidence of pneumonia, the length of stay, or the long-term mortality rate. The evidence does not support the use of routine bronchoscopy guidance or laryngeal masks during the procedure. Finally, proper prior training is as important or even a more significant factor in reducing complications than the technique used.

Parámetros hematológicos y recuento de células T-CD4+ en pacientes VIH con síntomas digestivos en Bucaramanga, Colombia / Haematological parameters and T-CD4+ cells count in HIV patients with digestive symptoms in Bucaramanga, Colombia

Introducción: La anemia, las citopenias y la sintomatología digestiva son hallazgos frecuentes en la población con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, VIH. Objetivo: Describir los parámetros hematológicos y el recuento de linfocitos T- CD4 en pacientes con VIH hospitalizados por síntomas digestivos a los que se realizaron estudios endoscópicos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo en 54 pacientes con VIH que se consultaron por síntomas digestivos y que requirieron procedimientos endoscópicos digestivos altos o bajos durante el año 2014 en un Hospital Universitario de tercer nivel en Bucaramanga, Colombia.Se tomaron datos sociodemográficos, se indagó sobre el uso de terapia antirretroviral altamente efectiva (TARAE), se registró la sintomatología digestiva, el tipo de procedimiento realizado, los datos del hemograma, el recuento de linfocitos T-CD4, la realización de mielograma, biopsia de médula ósea y la mortalidaddurante la estancia hospitalaria. Resultados: La prevalencia de anemia, leucopenia y trombocitopenia fue de 83.3 por ciento, 37 por ciento y 20.3 por ciento, respectivamente. Se encontró bicitopenia y pancitopenia en 25.9 por ciento y 14.8 por ciento.De los pacientes con bicitopenia y pancitopenia se les realizó estudio de médula ósea a 57.1 por ciento y 87.5 por ciento, respectivamente. Se encontró una tendencia de conteo de linfocitos T-CD4 menor en aquellos pacientes con anemia. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones hematológicas son frecuentes en pacientes con VIH y síntomas digestivos, con alta prevalencia de anemia. Los recuentos de linfocitos T-CD4 encontrados fueron notoriamente bajos(AU)

Introduction: Anemia, cytopenias and gastrointestinal symptoms are common findings in the population that are infected by the HIV. Objective: To describe hematological parameters and the T-CD4 cell counts in HIVpatients hospitalized for gastrointestinal symptoms that were taken to endoscopy. Methods: A descriptive study in 54 HIV patients who consulted for digestive symptoms and requiring high or low digestive endoscopy during 2014 in a third level University Hospital of Bucaramanga, Colombiawas carried out. Sociodemographicdata were questioned, it was the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), it was registered digestive symptoms, type of procedure, data from blood count, T-CD4 count, myelogram, bone marrow biopsy and mortality during hospital stay were recorded. Results: The prevalence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were 83.3 percent, 37 percent and 20.3 percent, respectively. Bicytopenia and pancytopenia were found in 25.9 percent and 14.8 percent. Bicytopenia patients with pancytopenia and underwent bone marrow study to 57.1 percent and 87.5 percent, respectively. A trend of lower T-CD4 lymphocyte count was found in patients with anemia. Conclusions: Hematological disorders are common in patients with HIV and digestive symptoms, with high prevalence of anemia. T-CD4 counts were found notoriously low(AU)

Co-factores de persistencia medio ambientales del Papiloma Virus Humano en las Verrugas Ano-genitales / Environmental co-factors of persistence of the human papillomavirus in the ano-genital warts

Entre los co-factores de persistencia medio ambientales del Papiloma Virus Humano se observa que las relaciones sexuales iniciadas a temprana edad, las relaciones sin selección adecuada de la pareja, el riesgo de otras ITS son algunas de las mas citadas en la bibliografía para determinar cuales de ellos se predominan en nuestra área de trabajo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional, con el fin determinar estos co-factores, presentes en estas enfermas. El universo de estudio, estuvo constituido por 100 pacientes con el diagnóstico de verrugas ano-genitales que acudieron a consulta de Dermatología del Hospital Provincial Universitario Manuel Ascunce Doménech y de las áreas de salud que corresponden a éste, en la ciudad de Camagüey, en el período comprendido del 1ro de febrero del 2003 al 31 de marzo de 2006. Se creó una consulta externa de Dermatología con dos Especialista en Dermatología, para la selección, seguimiento y evaluación de los resultados de los estudios complementarios indicados y que más del 50 por ciento de las pacientes habían iniciado las relaciones sexuales entre los 16 y 19 años de edad, y algo menos de la mitad se encontraban entre los 12 a 15 años de edad. Se apreció un predominio de la conducta sexual sin riesgo (AU)

Among the persistence environmental Co-factors of the human papillomavirus it is observed that the initiated sexual relations to early age, the sexual intercourses without suitable selection of the couple, the risk of other STI are some of the more mentioned in the bibliography to determine which of them predominate in our work area, An observational descriptive study was carried out with the aim to determine these Co-factors, presents in these patients./ The universe of study was constituted by 100 patients with the diagnosis of anus-genital warts that went to the Dermatology consultation of the University Provincial Hospital “Manuel Ascunce Doménech” and the health areas which belong to it, in Camagüey City, in the period February 1st/ 2003 March 31/ 2006. /An external consultation of Dermatology with two specialists was created, for the selection, monitoring and evaluation of the results of the indicated complementary studies and that more of 50 percent of the patients had initiated the sexual relations between the 16 and 19 years of age, and less than half of them was between the 12 and15 years of age. A predominance of the without-risk sexual conduct was experienced (AU)

Co-factores de persistencia medio ambientales del Papiloma Virus Humano en las Verrugas Ano-genitales / Environmental co-factors of persistence of the human papillomavirus in the ano-genital warts

Entre los co-factores de persistencia medio ambientales del Papiloma Virus Humano se observa que las relaciones sexuales iniciadas a temprana edad, las relaciones sin selección adecuada de la pareja, el riesgo de otras ITS son algunas de las mas citadas en la bibliografía para determinar cuales de ellos se predominan en nuestra área de trabajo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional, con el fin determinar estos co-factores, presentes en estas enfermas. El universo de estudio, estuvo constituido por 100 pacientes con el diagnóstico de verrugas ano-genitales que acudieron a consulta de Dermatología del Hospital Provincial Universitario Manuel Ascunce Doménech y de las áreas de salud que corresponden a éste, en la ciudad de Camagüey, en el período comprendido del 1ro de febrero del 2003 al 31 de marzo de 2006. Se creó una consulta externa de Dermatología con dos Especialista en Dermatología, para la selección, seguimiento y evaluación de los resultados de los estudios complementarios indicados y que más del 50 por ciento de las pacientes habían iniciado las relaciones sexuales entre los 16 y 19 años de edad, y algo menos de la mitad se encontraban entre los 12 a 15 años de edad. Se apreció un predominio de la conducta sexual sin riesgo.

Among the persistence environmental Co-factors of the human papillomavirus it is observed that the initiated sexual relations to early age, the sexual intercourses without suitable selection of the couple, the risk of other STI are some of the more mentioned in the bibliography to determine which of them predominate in our work area. An observational descriptive study was carried out with the aim to determine these Co-factors, presents in these patients. The universe of study was constituted by 100 patients with the diagnosis of anus-genital warts that went to the Dermatology consultation of the University Provincial Hospital “Manuel Ascunce Doménech” and the health areas which belong to it, in Camagüey City, in the period February 1st/2003 – March 31/2006. An external consultation of Dermatology with two specialists was created, for the selection, monitoring and evaluation of the results of the indicated complementary studies and that more of 50 percent of the patients had initiated the sexual relations between the 16 and 19 years of age, and less than half of them was between the 12 and 15 years of age. A predominance of the without-risk sexual conduct was experienced.

Relación de las verrugas ano-genitales con lesiones precursoras del cáncer cérvico uterino / Relation of the anus-genitals warts with wounds forerunners of the cervix uterine cancer

Actualmente las infecciones de transmisión sexual conforman el grupo más frecuente de enfermedades infecciosas de declaración obligatoria y entre ellas las infecciones por papiloma virus humano (PVH) son las de mayor incidencia. Con el objetivo de determinar la relación de las verrugas ano-genitales con lesiones precursoras de CCU y de esta forma incrementar el conocimiento en cuanto a la posible asociación de ambas entidades y poder contribuir a la prevención de esta neoplasia, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de cohorte para determinar la relación entre las verrugas ano-genitales y el cáncer cérvico uterino. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por 100 pacientes con el diagnóstico de verrugas ano-genitales. Se creó una consulta externa de Dermatología para seguir los pacientes, los que fueron remitidos a consulta de Patología de Cuello. La mayor parte de las pacientes se encontraban entre los 12 a 19 años de edad. Casi la mitad de los casos presentaron colposcopia anormal; en la citología orgánica, más de la mitad de los casos presentaron positividad al PVH, se diagnosticaron un 4 por ciento de NIC I y un 1 por ciento de NIC II y predominó el diagnóstico de ambos. Casi la décima parte de las pacientes tenían estas patologías (AU)

At present, sexual transmitted diseases are the most frequent group of infectious illnesses of obligatory statement and among them the infections by Wart Human Virus (WHV) are those of greater incidence. A descriptive study was carried out to determine the relation between the Warts Anus-genitals and the Cervix Uterine Cancer and the relation of the Warts Anus-genitals with forerunner wounds of CUC and thus to increase knowledge about the possible association of both entities to be able to contribute to the prevention of this Neoplasm. The universe of study was constituted by 100 patients with the anus-genitals warts diagnosis. An external consultation of Dermatology was created to continue treating the patients that were remitted to Neck Pathology Consultation. Most of thepatients were between they were diagnosed the 12 and 19 years of age. Almost the half of the cases presented abnormal colposcopy; more than the half of the cases presented positiveness to the PVH. 4 percent of NIC I and 1 percent of NIC II were diagnosed in the organic cytology and dominated the diagnosis of them. Almost the tenth part of the patients had these pathologies (AU)

Relación de las verrugas ano-genitales con lesiones precursoras del cáncer cérvico uterino / Relation of the anus-genitals warts with wounds forerunners of the cervix uterine cancer

Actualmente las infecciones de transmisión sexual conforman el grupo más frecuente de enfermedades infecciosas de declaración obligatoria y entre ellas las infecciones por papiloma virus humano (PVH) son las de mayor incidencia. Con el objetivo de determinar la relación de las verrugas ano-genitales con lesiones precursoras de CCU y de esta forma incrementar el conocimiento en cuanto a la posible asociación de ambas entidades y poder contribuir a la prevención de esta neoplasia, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de cohorte para determinar la relación entre las verrugas ano-genitales y el cáncer cérvico uterino. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por 100 pacientes con el diagnóstico de verrugas ano-genitales. Se creó una consulta externa de Dermatología para seguir los pacientes, los que fueron remitidos a consulta de Patología de Cuello. La mayor parte de las pacientes se encontraban entre los 12 a 19 años de edad. Casi la mitad de los casos presentaron colposcopia anormal; en la citología orgánica, más de la mitad de los casos presentaron positividad al PVH, se diagnosticaron un 4 por ciento de NIC I y un 1 por ciento de NIC II y predominó el diagnóstico de ambos. Casi la décima parte de las pacientes tenían estas patologías.

At present, sexual transmitted diseases are the most frequent group of infectious illnesses of obligatory statement and among them the infections by Wart Human Virus (WHV) are those of greater incidence. A descriptive study was carried out to determine the relation between the Warts Anus-genitals and the Cervix Uterine Cancer and the relation of the Warts Anus-genitals with forerunner wounds of CUC and thus to increase knowledge about the possible association of both entities to be able to contribute to the prevention of this Neoplasm. The universe of study was constituted by 100 patients with the anus-genitals warts diagnosis. An external consultation of Dermatology was created to continue treating the patients that were remitted to Neck Pathology Consultation. Most of thepatients were between they were diagnosed the 12 and 19 years of age. Almost the half of the cases presented abnormal colposcopy; more than the half of the cases presented positiveness to the PVH. 4 percent of NIC I and 1 percent of NIC II were diagnosed in the organic cytology and dominated the diagnosis of them. Almost the tenth part of the patients had these pathologies.

Morfología de la primera zoea de los cangrejos marinos Petrolisthes haigae y P. nobilii (Decapoda: Porcellanidae)

Los "cangrejos porcelana" Petrolisthes haigae Chace 1962 y P. nobilii Haig 1960, son especies de aguas poco profundas distribuidas a lo largo de las costas del Pacífico Este Tropical. Recolectamos larvas de ambas especies, de ocho y cuatro hembras, en las islas de Taboga y Naos, respectivamente. Las criamos en el laboratorio para describir e ilustrar los primeros estados de zoea de estas especies fueron, hasta ahora desconocidos. Las comparamos con los primeros estadios de zoea de otras especies del género en el oeste de Panamá y concluimos que las características de la primera zoea de ambas especies se asemejan a las del grupo 4 de larvas propuesto por Osawa en 2002.