Bioprospection of rattlesnake venom peptide fractions with anti-adipose and anti-insulin resistance activity in vitro.

Animal venoms are natural products that have served as a source of novel molecules that have inspired novel drugs for several diseases, including for metabolic diseases such as type-2 diabetes and obesity. From venoms, toxins such as exendin-4 (Heloderma suspectum) and crotamine (Crotalus durissus terrificus) have demonstrated their potential as treatments for obesity. Moreover, other toxins such as Phospholipases A2 and Disintegrins have shown their potential to modulate insulin secretion in vitro. This suggests an unexplored diversity of venom peptides with a potential anti-obesogenic in Mexican rattlesnake venoms. For that reason, this study explored the in vitro effect of Crotalus venom peptide-rich fractions on models for insulin resistance, adipocyte lipid accumulation, antioxidant activity, and inflammation process through nitric oxide production inhibition. Our results demonstrated that the peptide-rich fractions of C. aquilus, C. ravus, and C. scutulatus scutulatus were capable of reverting insulin resistance, enhancing glucose consumption to normal control; C. culminatus, C. molossus oaxacus, and C. polystictus diminished the lipid accumulation on adipocytes by 20%; C. aquilus, C. ravus, and C. s. salvini had the most significant cellular antioxidant activity, having nearly 80% of ROS inhibition. C. aquilus, C. pyrrhus, and C. s. salvini inhibited nitric oxide production by about 85%. We demonstrated the potential of these peptides from Crotalus venoms to develop novel drugs to treat type-2 diabetes and obesity. Moreover, we described for the first time that Crotalus venom peptide fractions have antioxidant and inflammatory properties in vitro models.

Solid-State Fermented Pineapple Peel: A Novel Food Ingredient with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties.

It has been reported that pineapple (Ananas comosus) contains healthy nutrients and phytochemicals associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. However, a substantial amount of pineapple residue is produced due to a lack of valorization applications at the industrial scale, resulting in the loss of valuable nutrients. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is proposed as an innovative strategy to enhance the release of bound phenolics from pineapple residues. In this work, the effects of SSF of pineapple peels with Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Aspergillus oryzae on the release of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated, respectively. Pineapple peel extracts after SSF showed an increase in the release of phenolic compounds (248.11% with L. plantarum, 182% with A. oryzae, and 180.10% with L. rhamnosus), which led to an increase in the cellular antioxidant (81.94% with L. rhamnosus) and anti-inflammatory potential (nitric oxide inhibition of 62% with L. rhamnosus) compared to non-fermented extracts. Therefore, SSF of pineapple peels with L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, and A. oryzae thrives as a new approach for the production of secondary metabolites with remarkable biological benefits, which can be the precursors for novel biofortified and nutraceutical-enriched foods that meet the needs of the most demanding and health-conscious consumers.

Implementation of a nursing strategy for self-transcendence in older adults: an experience report.

OBJECTIVES: to report the experience of implementing a nursing strategy to promote self-transcendence in older adults attended at a Primary Health Care center. METHODS: an experience report on the implementation of a strategy addressing the Theory of Self-Transcendence by nursing to older adults in a primary health unit, in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, from October to November 2022. RESULTS: fourteen older adults and three nurses participated. From the expression of feelings, speeches about self-transcendence, spirituality and physical activity promotion, the strategy was satisfactory. Emotional, cognitive and spiritual changes were observed in the different dimensions of the Theory of Self-Transcendence. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the nursing strategy on self-transcendence made it possible to identify significant moments that helped to identify the key points in which older adults were; it helped to intervene from a person-to-person care perspective.

Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Spray-Dried Encapsulated Kale Sprouts after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion.

The health-related compounds present in kale are vulnerable to the digestive process or storage conditions. Encapsulation has become an alternative for their protection and takes advantage of their biological activity. In this study, 7-day-old Red Russian kale sprouts grown in the presence of selenium (Se) and sulfur (S) were spray-dried with maltodextrin to assess their capacity to protect kale sprout phytochemicals from degradation during the digestion process. Analyses were conducted on the encapsulation efficiency, particle morphology, and storage stability. Mouse macrophages (Raw 264.7) and human intestinal cells (Caco-2) were used to assess the effect of the intestinal-digested fraction of the encapsulated kale sprout extracts on the cellular antioxidant capacity, the production of nitric oxide (NOx), and the concentrations of different cytokines as indicators of the immunological response. The highest encapsulation efficiency was observed in capsules with a 50:50 proportion of the hydroalcoholic extract of kale and maltodextrin. Gastrointestinal digestion affected compounds' content in encapsulated and non-encapsulated kale sprouts. Spray-dried encapsulation reduced the phytochemicals' degradation during storage, and the kale sprouts germinated with S and Se showed less degradation of lutein (35.6%, 28.2%), glucosinolates (15.4%, 18.9%), and phenolic compounds (20.3%, 25.7%), compared to non-encapsulated ones, respectively. S-encapsulates exerted the highest cellular antioxidant activity (94.2%) and immunomodulatory activity by stimulating IL-10 production (88.9%) and COX-2 (84.1%) and NOx (92.2%) inhibition. Thus, encapsulation is an effective method to improve kale sprout phytochemicals' stability and bioactivity during storage and metabolism.

Enfermeiros novatos e os fatores que influenciam a adaptação ao trabalho após a incorporação ao mundo laboral / Enfermeros novatos y factores que influyen en la adaptación laboral tras la incorporación al mundo laboral / Novice nurses and factors that influence job adaptation after incorporation into the world of work

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os fatores que influenciam a adaptação ao trabalho da enfermagem hospitalar durante o período de transição dos egressos como força de trabalho em saúde em sua nova etapa. Método Estudo exploratório, transversal, que envolveu 100 enfermeiros graduados como força de trabalho de unidades hospitalares. A coleta foi realizada com um questionário na plataforma web no período de novembro de 2020 a agosto de 2021. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados Houve predomínio de mulheres, solteiras, com idade entre 23 e 32 anos, licenciadas e operacionais, trabalhando entre 19 meses e 2 anos. Em relação aos fatores, foram identificados três mais influentes: Autonomia; Psicológico; Funcionários. Conclusões e implicações para a prática A adaptação da equipe de enfermagem no hospital apresenta dificuldades no período de transição; os fatores internos do profissional, sejam adquiridos por meio de práticas ou desenvolvidos ao longo da vida, e a formação dos empregadores influenciam. Para melhoria, seria fundamental que os protocolos de indução garantissem a adaptação do novato e que os programas de treinamento de funcionários avaliassem a efetividade da equipe de enfermagem no hospital, até a realização da adaptação da enfermagem ao hospital.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los factores que influyen en la adaptación laboral de enfermería en hospital, durante el período de transición de graduados como fuerza laboral en salud en su nueva etapa. Método Estudio exploratorio, transversal, participaron 100 enfermeras/os graduados como fuerza de trabajo de unidades hospitalarias. La recolección se realizó con un cuestionario en plataforma web en el período noviembre 2020 - agosto 2021. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados Se encontró predominancia de mujeres, solteras, de edades entre 23 y 32, licenciadas y operativas, trabajando entre 19 meses a 2 años. Respecto a los factores, se identificaron tres más influyentes, correspondientes a: Autonomía; Psicológico; Personal. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica La adaptación del personal de enfermería en hospital se presenta con dificultades en el período de transición, los factores internos del profesional ya sean adquiridos mediante las prácticas como desarrollados durante la vida, y la formación de los empleadores influyen. Para la mejora, sería fundamental que los protocolos de inducción garantizarán la adaptación del novato y los programas de formación de empleados evalúen la efectividad del personal de enfermería en el hospital, hasta el logro de la adaptación de enfermería al hospital.

Abstract Objective To analyze the factors that influence the job adaptation of hospital nursing, during the transition period of graduates as a health workforce in their new stage. Method An exploratory, cross-sectional study, involving 100 graduate nurses as a workforce of hospital units. The collection was carried out with a questionnaire on the web platform in the period November 2020 - August 2021. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics. Results There was a predominance of women, single, aged between 23 and 32, licensed and operational, working between 19 months and 2 years. Regarding the factors, three most influential were identified, corresponding to: Autonomy; Psychological; Staff. Conclusions and implications for practice The adaptation of nursing staff in the hospital presents difficulties in the transition period; the internal factors of the professional, whether acquired through practices or developed during life, and the training of employers have influence. For improvement, it would be essential that the induction protocols guarantee the adaptation of the novice and that the employee training programs evaluate the effectiveness of the nursing staff in the hospital, until the achievement of the adaptation of nursing to the hospital.

Implementation of a nursing strategy for self-transcendence in older adults: an experience report / Implementação de uma estratégia de enfermagem para a autotranscendência em idosos: relato de experiência / Implementación de estrategia de enfermería para autotrascendencia en adulto mayor: relato de experiencia

ABSTRACT Objectives: to report the experience of implementing a nursing strategy to promote self-transcendence in older adults attended at a Primary Health Care center. Methods: an experience report on the implementation of a strategy addressing the Theory of Self-Transcendence by nursing to older adults in a primary health unit, in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, from October to November 2022. Results: fourteen older adults and three nurses participated. From the expression of feelings, speeches about self-transcendence, spirituality and physical activity promotion, the strategy was satisfactory. Emotional, cognitive and spiritual changes were observed in the different dimensions of the Theory of Self-Transcendence. Final Considerations: the nursing strategy on self-transcendence made it possible to identify significant moments that helped to identify the key points in which older adults were; it helped to intervene from a person-to-person care perspective.

RESUMO Objetivos: relatar a experiência da implementação de uma estratégia de enfermagem para promover a autotranscendência em idosos atendidos em um centro de Atenção Primária À Saúde. Métodos: relato de experiência sobre a implementação de uma estratégia abordando a Teoria da Autotranscendência pela enfermagem a idosos de uma unidade de saúde de primária, em San Luis Potosí, México, de outubro a novembro de 2022. Resultados: participaram 14 idosos e três enfermeiros. A partir da expressão de sentimentos, falas sobre autotranscendência, promoção da espiritualidade e atividade física, a estratégia foi satisfatória, e foram observadas mudanças emocionais, cognitivas e espirituais nas diferentes dimensões da Teoria da Autotranscendência. Considerações Finais: a estratégia de enfermagem sobre autotranscendência possibilitou identificar momentos significativos que ajudaram a identificar os pontos-chave em que os idosos se encontravam; isso ajudou a intervir a partir de uma perspectiva de cuidado de pessoa para pessoa.

RESUMEN Objetivos: relatar la experiencia de la implementación de una estrategia de enfermería para promover la autotrascendencia en adultos mayores que acuden a un centro de primer nivel de atención en salud. Métodos: relato de experiencia sobre implementación de una estrategia abordando la Teoría de Autotrascendencia por enfermería a adultos mayores de una unidad de salud de primer nivel, en San Luis Potosí, México, de octubre-noviembre del 2022. Resultados: participaron 14 adultos mayores y tres enfermeros. A partir de la expresión de sentimientos, charlas sobre autotrascendencia, fomento de espiritualidad y actividad física, la estrategia resultó satisfactoria. Se observaron cambios emocionales, cognitivos y espirituales en las diferentes dimensiones de la Teoría de Autotrascendencia. Consideraciones Finales: la estrategia de enfermería sobre autotrascendencia permitió plasmar momentos significativos que ayudaron a identificar puntos clave en los que se encontraban los adultos mayores; esto ayudó para intervenir desde una perspectiva del cuidado de persona a persona.

Selenium, Sulfur, and Methyl Jasmonate Treatments Improve the Accumulation of Lutein and Glucosinolates in Kale Sprouts.

Kale sprouts contain health-promoting compounds that could be increased by applying plant nutrients or exogenous phytohormones during pre-harvest. The effects of selenium (Se), sulfur (S), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on lutein, glucosinolate, and phenolic accumulation were assessed in kale sprouts. Red Russian and Dwarf Green kale were chamber-grown using different treatment concentrations of Se (10, 20, 40 mg/L), S (30, 60, 120 mg/L), and MeJA (25, 50, 100 µM). Sprouts were harvested every 24 h for 7 days to identify and quantify phytochemicals. The highest lutein accumulation occurred 7 days after S 120 mg/L (178%) and Se 40 mg/L (199%) treatments in Red Russian and Dwarf Green kale sprouts, respectively. MeJA treatment decreased the level of most phenolic levels, except for kaempferol and quercetin, where increases were higher than 70% for both varieties when treated with MeJA 25 µM. The most effective treatment for glucosinolate accumulation was S 120 mg/L in the Red Russian kale variety at 7 days of germination, increasing glucoraphanin (262.4%), glucoerucin (510.8%), 4-methoxy-glucobrassicin (430.7%), and glucoiberin (1150%). Results show that kales treated with Se, S, and MeJA could be used as a functional food for fresh consumption or as raw materials for different industrial applications.

Monitoring Sexually Transmitted Infections in Cervicovaginal Exfoliative Samples in Mexican Women.

BACKGROUND: Globally, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a major cause of morbidity in sexually active individuals, having complications in reproduction health and quality of life. In concordance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Candida spp., Ureaplasma spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, HSV, and Mycoplasma spp. from cervicovaginal samples and to correlate them with the gynecological history of the patients. METHODS: Our analytical, prospective, and cross-sectional study included 377 women who participated in a reproductive health campaign during 2015-2016. Anthropometric and gynecological variables were obtained. Cervicovaginal specimens were collected and analyzed with a multiplex in-house PCR to detect Candida spp., Ureaplasma spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV, Mycoplasma spp., and Chlamydia trachomatis. RESULTS: The positive cases were 175/377 (46.4%) to at least one of the microorganisms. The most frequent pathogen detected in this population was Ureaplasma spp. (n = 111, 29.4%), followed by Mycoplasma spp. (n = 56, 14.9%) and Candida spp. (n = 47, 12.5%); 33.7% of the positive cases were single infections, whereas 12.7% had coinfection. The multiplex PCR assay was designed targeting nucleotide sequences. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that monitoring STIs among asymptomatic patients will encourage target programs to be more precisely and effectively implemented, as well as make these programs more affordable, to benefit society by decreasing the prevalence of STIs.

Improving the Health-Benefits of Kales (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) through the Application of Controlled Abiotic Stresses: A Review.

Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) is a popular cruciferous vegetable originating from Central Asia, and is well known for its abundant bioactive compounds. This review discusses the main kale phytochemicals and emphasizes molecules of nutraceutical interest, including phenolics, carotenoids, and glucosinolates. The preventive and therapeutic properties of kale against chronic and degenerative diseases are highlighted according to the most recent in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reported. Likewise, it is well known that the application of controlled abiotic stresses can be used as an effective tool to increase the content of phytochemicals with health-promoting properties. In this context, the effect of different abiotic stresses (saline, exogenous phytohormones, drought, temperature, and radiation) on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in kale is also presented. The information reviewed in this article can be used as a starting point to further validate through bioassays the effects of abiotically stressed kale on the prevention and treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases.

Insulin resistance indexes of grazing cows and mineral or vitamin supplementation under tropical conditions.

BACKGROUND: During the transition period in dairy cows, metabolic changes occur, many of which are related to energy metabolism, which causes metabolic diseases or productive alterations. AIM: The objective of the present work was to evaluate two mineral and vitamin supplementations related to metabolic regulation mechanisms associated with insulin during the transition period and the first phase of lactation in grazing cows under tropical conditions through metabolic indicators and insulin resistance indexes. METHODS: Twenty-one animals were distributed in three groups: control (CTR), iodine supplementation (SUPP-1), and mixed mineral and vitamin supplementation (SUPP-2). The experimental period was from day 30 prepartum to day 45 postpartum. Evaluation of the body condition score and the blood samples' collection by coccygeal venipuncture was carried out for serum analysis of metabolites, such as beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and hormones, such as insulin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and cortisol. Variables related to energy and hormone metabolism were analyzed. Four proposed indexes were calculated to identify insulin resistance: Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, and QUICKI-BHB. Through linear regression, the effect of metabolites and hormones on the indexes of insulin resistance studied was estimated. RESULTS: The groups with supplementation did not show significant changes in the mobilization of body reserves, NEFA, or triiodothyronine for interaction between treatments and periods. HOMA and QUICKI indexes used to estimate insulin resistance showed an inverse correlation (-0.97; p<0.001), and a greater capacity of linear adjustment to estimate the evaluated metabolites. CONCLUSION: The indexes' values of insulin sensitivity in the present work constitute a starting point in tropical dairy cows to characterize insulin resistance and metabolic alterations. Vitamins and mineral supplementation did not show a positive effect on the metabolism of dairy cows during the transition period and the first phase of lactation in the study.

Prevalence and correlation of human papillomavirus genotypes with clinical factors in cervical samples from Mexican women.

IMPACT STATEMENT: We are submitting data regarding the prevalence and type distribution of the HPV infection and the risk factors associated with it, which may provide a valuable reference to reinforce screening strategies, and to maintain HPV genotype surveillance in Mexico. We discuss the overall prevalence of HPV infection as detected in normal cytological samples stratified by age, different types of infection, and oncogenic capacity. One of the most important findings was that common HPV genotypes detected in healthy women were the genotype numbers: 6, 31, 16, and 56, likewise, smoking and having a history of more than three sexual partners over their lifetime, represented the main risk factors in this study. Furthermore, we found a low frequency of cytological abnormalities and CIN 1-3 in women with HR-HPV.

Dependencia percibida y síntomas depresivos en cuidadores primarios informales de personas con enfermedades no transmisibles / Perceived dependence and depression symptoms in primary informal caregivers of people with non-communicable diseases

Resumen Existen diversas problemáticas que afectan la salud y el desempeño de un cuidador. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar la relación entre síntomas de depresión de los cuidadores primarios informales y la dependencia que perciben en la persona cuidada. El diseño del estudio fue no experimental, transversal y correlacional. La muestra fue no probabilística, intencional, de 259 cuidadores informales. Se utilizó el Cuestionario sobre la salud del paciente, Escala de Depresión (PHQ-8) y la Escala de Barthel, empleada para medir la capacidad de la persona para realizar 10 actividades básicas de la vida diaria. La edad promedio de los cuidadores de este estudio fue de 49.6 años, con predominio del sexo femenino, con 82.6 %; en el parentesco del cuidador, en su mayoría fueron hijas (38.2 %). El porcentaje de dependencia percibida por los cuidadores se ubicó en la categoría de dependencia moderada, con el 32.4 %. Los resultados muestran una correlación pequeña pero significativa (r = - 0.159, P = 0.010) entre dependencia y síntomas de depresión. El grupo de cuidadores de personas con dependencia severa presentó mayor sintomatología depresiva que sus pares cuidadores de personas con dependencia moderada (P = 0.014). Los cuida dores primarios informales reportaron mayor sintomatología depresiva cuando percibieron más dependencia en sus familiares con enfermedades crónicas.

Abstract There are various problems that affect a caregiver's health and performance. Therefore, the objective of the study was to identify the relationship between depression symptoms of the informal primary caregivers and the dependency that they perceive in the person who is being taken care of. The study design was non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational. The sample was intentional non-probabilistic of 259 informal caregivers. Three data-collection instruments were used: the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Depression Scale (PHQ-8), and the Barthel Scale, which is used for measuring the capacity of a person to carry out 10 basic everyday activities. The average age of the caregivers in this study was 49.6 years, with a predominance of the female sex (82.6 %), and most of the patients' caregivers were their daughters (38.2 %). The caregivers' perceived percentage of dependence was placed in the moderate dependence category, with 32.4 %. Results show a small but significant correlation (r = - 0.159, P = 0.010) between dependence and symptoms of depression. The group of caregivers of people with severe dependence showed greater depressive symptoms than their caregiver peers of people with moderate dependence (P = 0.014). Informal primary caregivers reported greater depressive symptoms when they perceived more dependence in their relatives with chronic illnesses.

Mexican Concensus of Multiple Myeloma.

To identify this increasingly common pathology, known as multiple myeloma (MM), it is necessary to refer to the specific factors that characterize it; to this end, the classic criteria known as CRAB (hyperkalemia, renal failure, anemia, and lytic lesions) are available, in which renal failure is one of the most frequent complications. Recently, three indisputable biomarkers have been described for the diagnostic support for MM, which are: more than 10% of clonal plasma cells in bone marrow or, a biopsy that corroborates the presence of a plasmacytoma, light chain ratio ≥ 100 mg/dL and more than one focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging. A differential diagnosis for plasma cell leukemia, solitary bone plasmacytoma, and extramedullary plasmacytoma should always be considered. Being this an incurable disease, a lot of research has been done regarding its therapeutic management, whose main objective is the disappearance of plasma cells and the patient clinical improvement. Melphalan was the first drug that showed a benefit in 1958 and afterward, with the addition of a steroid as a second drug, it was possible to improve response rates. Subsequently, different molecules were studied, forming multiple combinations, and achieving better rates of overall survival and progression-free survival. Years later, with the arrival of proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib, and immunomodulators such as thalidomide and lenalidomide, an important turnaround in the disease has been seen, as deeper responses, more prolonged remissions, and improvement in the quality of life of patients have been achieved. This consensus has the purpose of integrating a group of Mexican specialists and promoting the updating of this pathology.

Para identificar una patología cada vez más común, conocida como mieloma múltiple, es necesario hacer alusión de los factores específicos que la caracterizan. Para ello existen los clásicos criterios conocidos como CRAB (hipercalcemia, insuficiencia renal, anemia y lesiones líticas), siendo la insuficiencia renal una de sus complicaciones más frecuentes. Recientemente se han descrito tres biomarcadores indiscutibles para el apoyo diagnóstico del mieloma múltiple, que son: más del 10% de células plasmáticas clonales en medula ósea o biopsia que corrobora la presencia de un plasmocitoma, relación de cadenas ligeras ≥ 100 mg/dl y más de una lesión focal en resonancia magnética. Se debe tomar siempre en cuenta el diagnóstico diferencial con leucemia de células plasmáticas, plasmocitoma óseo solitario y plasmocitoma extramedular. Al ser una enfermedad incurable, se ha investigado mucho en cuanto al manejo terapéutico, el cual tiene como objetivo principal la desaparición de las células plasmáticas y la mejoría clínica del paciente. El primer fármaco que demostró algún beneficio fue el melfalán en el año 1958 y posteriormente al adicionar un esteroide como segundo fármaco se logró mejorar las tasas de respuesta. Después se fueron estudiando diferentes moléculas, con las que se han realizado múltiples combinaciones, alcanzando mejores tasas de supervivencia global y supervivencia libre de progresión. Años más tarde, con la llegada de los inhibidores de proteosoma como el bortezomib, así como de los agentes inmunomoduladores como la talidomida y la lenalidomida, se presenta un giro importante en la enfermedad, ya que se logran respuestas más profundas, periodo de remisiones más prolongadas y mejoría en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Este consenso tiene la finalidad de integrar a un grupo de especialistas mexicanos y promover la actualización de esta patología.

Ponseti Method After Walking Age - A Multi-Centric Study of 429 Feet: Results, Possible Treatment Modifications and Outcomes According to Age Groups.

Objective: Ponseti method is suitable to treat neglected clubfoot after the walking age. However, limited evidence exists on its effectiveness, outcomes and rate of relapse. Methods: 429 clubfeet in 303 patients with no previous treatment and older than one-year were treated with the Ponseti method in 15 centers from seven countries. The median age at treatment onset was three years, and the median follow-up of 1.3 years. Standard Ponseti Method was applied. Bilateral abduction brace was recommended after casting. Patients were classified according to group ages (<2 years, 2-4 years, >4-8years, >8 years). Feet were evaluated by Pirani score and a clinical outcome classification. Relapses were described in a subset of 103 clubfeet with minimal follow-up of two years. Results: Ponseti method was able to correct the deformity in 87% (373 of 429) of neglected clubfeet, after a mean of 6.8 casts. Residual equinus was treated with percutaneous sectioning of the Achilles tendon in 356 (83%) of 429 clubfeet. A bilateral foot abduction brace was prescribed and used in 70% of children. Relapses occurred in 31% (32 of 103) of clubfeet and were associated with age less than 4 years at treatment onset, and bracing noncompliance. Conclusion: The Ponseti method is effective to correct neglected clubfeet. Relapses occurred in one-third of clubfeet, mainly in children younger than four years and in noncompliance with the brace. Our study reinforces the recommendation for the Ponseti method with no major modification to treat neglected clubfoot in patients after walking age.Level of Evidence: IV.

Capoteando hasta donde lleguemos... así me tocó mi suerte: salud mental de personas mayores que se quedan en contextos rurales de alta migración en México, 2017-2019 / Capping as far as we can go... this is my luck: mental health of older people who stay in rural contexts of high migration in Mexico, 2017-2019

El presente trabajo se centra en comprender los procesos de construcción de salud mental de las personas mayores que se quedan en contextos de alta dinámica migratoria durante su proceso de envejecimiento. Es un estudio etnográfico, realizado en una localidad de San Luis Potosí, México, en una comunidad con alta intensidad migratoria e índice de envejecimiento alto; participaron personas mayores de 60 años, con red migrante significativa; el análisis de datos se realizó bajo la propuesta del análisis etnográfico, se generó triangulación de investigadores, así como grupos focales para devolución de la información. Se resguardó el rigor metodológico y ético correspondiente. En los resultados se identificaron cuatro grandes temáticas: Una comunidad rural potosina: un lugar donde ya casi no hay gente; Trayectorias de vida de una generación rural en un contexto migratorio; Redes de apoyo y vínculos de las personas mayores de Hacienda Vieja; Saberes y habilidades cotidianas para vivir de las personas mayores. La discusión gira en torno a tres grandes ejes, el primero relacionado con envejecimiento, migración y precariedad; el segundo en relación con las familias trasnacionales, redes de apoyo y vínculos, finalmente el tercer eje centrado en familias trasnacionales, redes de apoyo y vínculos. Las conclusiones se encaminan a los aportes disciplinares con una mirada más ampliada del metaparadigma de enfermería; a nivel conceptual se propone una mirada comprensiva de la salud mental, así mismo se plantean elementos teóricos para comprender la salud mental de las personas mayores que se quedan en contextos de alta migración. (AU)

This paper focuses on understanding the processes of building the mental health of older people who remain in contexts of high migration dynamics during their ageing process. It is an ethnographic study, carried out in a locality of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, in a community with high migratory intensity and high index of aging; people older than 60 years old, with significant migratory network, participated; the analysis of data was carried out under the proposal of the ethnographic analysis, triangulation of researchers was generated, as well as focal groups for return of the information. The corresponding methodological and ethical rigour was safeguarded. Four main themes were identified in the results: A rural community in Potosí: a place where there are hardly any people left; Life trajectories of a rural generation in a migratory context; Support networks and links of older people in Hacienda Vieja; Knowledge and daily living skills of older people. The discussion revolves around three main axes, the first related to ageing, migration and precariousness; the second in relation to transnational families, support networks and links, and finally the third axis focused on transnational families, support networks and links. The conclusions are directed to the disciplinary contributions with a more extended glance of the meta-paradigm of infirmary; at conceptual level a comprehensive glance of the mental health is proposed, likewise theoretical elements are raised to understand the mental health of the old people who remain in contexts of high migration. (AU)

Wounding and UVB Light Synergistically Induce the Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds and Ascorbic Acid in Red Prickly Pears (Opuntia ficus-indica cv. Rojo Vigor).

The present study evaluated the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and wounding stress, applied alone or combined, on the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid in the peel and pulp of red prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica cv. Rojo Vigor). Whole and wounded-fruit samples were treated with UVB radiation (6.4 W·m-2) for 0 and 15 min, and stored for 24 h at 16 °C. Phytochemical analyses were performed separately in the peel and pulp. The highest phenolic accumulation occurred after storage of the whole tissue treated with UVB, where the main phenolic compounds accumulated in the peel and pulp were quercetin, sinapic acid, kaempferol, rosmarinic acid, and sinapoyl malate, showing increases of 709.8%, 570.2%, 442.8%, 439.9%, and 186.2%, respectively, as compared with the control before storage. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity was increased after storage of the whole and wounded tissue treated with UVB light, and this increase in PAL activity was associated to phenolic accumulation. On the other hand, l-galactono-γ-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) activity and ascorbic acid biosynthesis was enhanced due to UVB radiation, and the effect was increased when UVB was applied in the wounded tissue showing 125.1% and 94.1% higher vitamin C content after storage when compared with the control. Respiration rate was increased due to wounding stress, whereas ethylene production was increased by wounding and UVB radiation in prickly pears. Results allowed the generation of a physiological model explaining the UVB and wound-induced accumulation of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid in prickly pears, where wounding facilitates UVB to access the underlying tissue and enhances an apparent synergistic response.

Resultados de un programa de reproducción asistida con transferencia de embriones en día 4 / Results of an assisted reproduction program with embryo transfer on day 4

Resumen OBJETIVO: Conocer las repercusiones en la reproducción de la aplicación de un programa de trasferencia embrionaria en día 4 y compararlas con trasferencias en día 3 y día 5. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo efectuado en parejas a quienes se aplicó un procedimiento de FIV-ICSI entre marzo de 2015 y julio de 2017. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes de todas las edades, ciclos capturados y trasferidos en fresco y con todos los factores de infertilidad. Criterios de exclusión: casos de ovodonación, ciclos en donde no hubiera embriones a trasferir y ciclos en donde la trasferencia embrionaria fue difícil. Para fines de estudio la población se dividió en tres grupos: grupo A con trasferencia en día 3; grupo B con trasferencia en día 4 y grupo C con trasferencia en día 5. El soporte de fase lútea para los tres grupos fue con progesterona por vía vaginal durante 14 días. Se evaluaron las tasas de embarazo por día de tras-ferencia con el número de embarazos clínicos respecto del número de trasferencias efectuadas y los resultados se compararon con c2; se consideró diferencia significativa el valor de p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 306 parejas. Grupo A: 205 pacientes trasferidas en día 3; grupo B: 62 pacientes trasferidas en día 4; grupo C: 39 pacientes trasferidas en día 5. Se encontró una diferencia significativa (p = 0.035) entre la tasa de embarazo en día 3 y 4 para pacientes mayores de 40 años (11.4 y 31.6%, respectivamente). En todas las edades se observó una tendencia al incremento en la tasa de embarazo cuando la trasferencia embrionaria se llevó a cabo en día 4. CONCLUSIONES: La trasferencia embrionaria en día 4 de desarrollo puede considerarse una opción más. En este ensayo hubo mejores resultados con respecto a las trasferencias efectuadas en día 3. Es una alternativa viable en trasferencias efectuadas en día 5 con tasas de embarazo muy similares y, en este estudio, incluso mayor.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To know the reproductive results in an embryo transfer program on day 4 and compare them with transfers in D3 and D5 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective analysis comprised a period from March 2015 to July 2017, with 306 couples undergoing an IVF / ICSI procedure and who met the inclusion criteria (patients of all ages, cycles captured and transferred in fresh and patients with all the factors of infertility) and exclusion (cases of ovodonation, cycles in which there were no embryos to be transferred and cycles in which embryo transfer was difficult). The population was divided into 3 groups: Group A with transferred on day 3; Group B with transferred on day 4) and Group C with transferred on day 5 (TE D5). The luteal phase support for the 3 groups was with progesterone vaginally for 14 days. Pregnancy rates per transfer day were evaluated with the number of clinical pregnancies regarding the number of transfers made and comparing the results with a chi-square test considering significant differences with p < 0.05. RESULTS: We analyze 306 couples. Group A with 205 patients transferred on day 3 (TE D3); Group B with 62 patients transferred on day 4 (TE D4) and Group C with 39 patients transferred on day 5 (TE D5). A significant difference (p = 0.035) was found between the pregnancy rate on day 3 and 4 for patients over 40 years of age (11.4% and 31.6% respectively), however, an increase tendency was observed at all ages. in the pregnancy rate when the embryo transfer takes place on day 4. CONCLUSIONS: The embryo transfer on day 4 of development can be considered as one more option, to present better results with respect to the transfers made on day 3, and a very viable alternative in transfers made in D5 with very similar pregnancy rate and in this even greater study.

Patrón de conocimiento emancipatorio y su contribución al desarrollo del conocimiento de enfermería / Pattern of emancipatory knowledge and its contribution to the development of nursing knowledge

La investigación es parte fundamental en el desarrollo de las actividades de la enfermería, siendo en ella donde se gestan los conocimientos que contribuyen al avance y desarrollo de la disciplina de enfermería en la cual los aportes que tiene el patrón de conocimiento emancipatorio para esta actividad juegan relevante papel dado que permite visualizar y atender a través de una mirada crítica fenómenos competentes para la enfermería que no son evidenciados y que implica tomar acciones justas y equitativas para el cuidado de la salud; en este sentido, la tendencia se posiciona hacia la generación y utilización de teorías de rango medio en enfermería que den cuenta de las necesidades reales y sentidas de la disciplina. El presente escrito, tiene como objetivo generar una reflexión acerca del desarrollo del conocimiento de enfermería y las bondades que tiene el patrón de conocimiento emancipatorio para contribuir al mismo a partir de la generación y/o aplicación de teorías de rango medio

The research is a fundamental part of the development of nursing activities, and it is where the knowledge that contributes to the advancement and development of the nursing discipline is generated, in which the contributions of the emancipatory knowledge pattern for this activity play relevant role given that it allows to visualize and attend through a critical look phenomena competent to the nursing that are not evidenced and that implies to take fair and equitable actions for the health care; in this sense, the tendency is positioned towards the generation and use of mid-range theories in nursing that account for the real and felt needs of the discipline. This paper aims to generate a reflection on the development of nursing knowledge and the benefits of the emancipatory knowledge pattern to contribute to it, based on the generation and / or application of midrange theories

Survey for Toxoplasma gondii by PCR detection in meat for human consumption in Colombia.

The overall risk for toxoplasmosis in meat produced in Colombia is unknown. We analyzed by PCR assay meat samples for human consumption in two types of plants in Colombia: 120 samples from class I plants (60 samples from chicken, 30 from swine and 30 from beef) and 60 from class II plants (30 samples from beef and 30 from swine). Presence of Toxoplasma DNA was established by targeted B1 nested PCR assay. We detected 79 (43%) samples that were positive by B1 nested PCR (33 from chicken, 22 from beef, and 24 from pork). No differences were found by region or species. Eleven positive samples were confirmed by sequencing of the B1 repeated region. Some polymorphisms were detected without relation with clonal groups nor meat species. Food animals are highly exposed to Toxoplasma in Colombia. Detailed studies are needed to establish the reasons for differences in Toxoplasma prevalence between farms, regarding practices of animal food production.

Analysis and prediction of pathways in HeLa cells by integrating biological levels of organization with systems-biology approaches.

It has recently begun to be considered that cancer is a systemic disease and that it must be studied at every level of complexity using many of the currently available approaches, including high-throughput technologies and bioinformatics. To achieve such understanding in cervical cancer, we collected information on gene, protein and phosphoprotein expression of the HeLa cell line and performed a comprehensive analysis of the different signaling pathways, transcription networks and metabolic events in which they participate. A total expression analysis by RNA-Seq of the HeLa cell line showed that 19,974 genes were transcribed. Of these, 3,360 were over-expressed, and 2,129 under-expressed when compared to the NHEK cell line. A protein-protein interaction network was derived from the over-expressed genes and used to identify central elements and, together with the analysis of over-represented transcription factor motifs, to predict active signaling and regulatory pathways. This was further validated by Metal-Oxide Affinity Chromatography (MOAC) and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) assays which retrieved phosphorylated proteins. The 14-3-3 family members emerge as important regulators in carcinogenesis and as possible clinical targets. We observed that the different over- and under-regulated pathways in cervical cancer could be interrelated through elements that participate in crosstalks, therefore belong to what we term "meta-pathways". Additionally, we highlighted the relations of each one of the differentially represented pathways to one or more of the ten hallmarks of cancer. These features could be maintained in many other types of cancer, regardless of mutations or genomic rearrangements, and favor their robustness, adaptations and the evasion of tissue control. Probably, this could explain why cancer cells are not eliminated by selective pressure and why therapy trials directed against molecular targets are not as effective as expected.