Are 3D ultrasound and office hysteroscopy useful for the assessment of uterine cavity after late foetal loss?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of office hysteroscopy and 3D ultrasound for the diagnostic of uterine anomalies after late foetal loss. METHOD: This retrospective observational study took place in the gynaecologic unit of a teaching hospital from 2009 to 2014. Women with late foetal loss (<22 weeks of gestation) had an office hysteroscopy and 3D ultrasound within three months after delivery. The results of the ultrasound and hysteroscopy were recorded and compared. RESULTS: Eighty women were included with a mean age of 29.8 years (28.2-31.4). Forty-seven women had both hysteroscopy and 3D ultrasound, and a uterine cavity's anomaly (bicornuate uterus, T-Shape uterus and septate uterus) was found in ten women (21%) at 3D sonography and in 13 women (28%) at office hysteroscopy. Concordance between the two exams was very good with a kappa at 0.83. In three cases, a uterine cavity's anomaly was found at hysteroscopy whereas sonography was normal. Anomalies at ultrasound (uterine cavity's anomaly, myometrium anomaly or ovarian anomaly) were found in 27.6% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Both 3D ultrasound and office hysteroscopy are useful for assessment of the uterine cavity after late foetal loss. The application of these two exams is important, as hysteroscopy is generally used for assessment of the uterine cavity and endometrium, while 3D ultrasound is generally used to identify the precise type of uterine malformation and for the examination of the myometrium and annexes.

Ectopic pregnancy 6 years after subtotal hysterectomy: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Only 57 cases of ectopic pregnancy after hysterectomy have been published. CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old patient with a history of subtotal hysterectomy for postpartum hemorrhage consulted for acute abdominal pain. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was made using blood pregnancy test and transvaginal ultrasound. Emergency laparoscopy was performed. CONCLUSION: Urine pregnancy test should be performed in case of unexplained haemoperitoneum in patient of childbearing age with a history of hysterectomy. Fistulous tracts between the patent cervix or the vaginal cuff and the peritoneal cavity may allow fecundation. TEACHING POINTS: (1) Ectopic pregnancy remains a differential diagnosis of abdominal pain and haemoperitoneum in patient of childbearing age even after hysterectomy. (2) Fistulous tract between the residual cervix and the peritoneal cavity or tubes may allow fecundation.

[Medical management of interstitiel pregnancy by in situ methotrexate]. / Prise en charge des grossesses interstitielles par traitement médical selon un protocole de méthotrexate in situ.

INTRODUCTION: Interstitial pregnancy accounts for 3 to 11% of ectopic pregnancy; these pregnancies are the more frequently non-tubal ectopic pregnancy. Medical treatment can be used in case of unruptured interstitial pregnancy and is used more and more frequently to avoid hemorrhagic risk and risk of conversion to radical surgery when a surgical management is decided. However, a larger use of methotrexate in interstitial pregnancy and conditions of use are not clearly defined. The aim of this study is to report a series of unruptured interstitial pregnancy managed by in situ injection of methotrexate. WOMEN AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study included women treated for an interstitial pregnancy between 2010 and 2013 in a teaching hospital. Medical management used was an in situ injection of methotrexate (1mg/kg) guided by vaginal sonography plus an intramuscular injection of methotrexate (1mg/kg) in the 48hours following in situ injection and 600mg of mifepristone when progesterone blood rate was more than 9ng/mL. A great decrease of serum hCG without surgery was considered a success. RESULTS: Fourteen women had an interstitial pregnancy during the study period. Six were managed surgically in 5 cases for suspicion of uterine rupture and one for pregnancy of unknown location. Eight women had a medical management and the success rate was 100%. Mean time for decrease of serum hCG until 2 UI/L was 54.4 days [34.0-74.8]. No uterine rupture or immediate complication was reported. Five women out of 8 had a spontaneous pregnancy after management of interstitial pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Medical management by in situ injection of methotrexate under sonographic guidance with an intramuscular injection within the 48hours following the in situ injection and mifepristone when ectopic pregnancy was active can be proposed in first-line therapy in case of unruptured interstitial pregnancy. This treatment has a great efficiency and low rate of complications.

[Day care surgery for laparoscopic gynecologic surgery: What can be done?]. / Cœlioscopie en gynécologie : quelle place pour la prise en charge en ambulatoire ?

OBJECTIVES: To study feasibility of day care surgery for laparoscopy for adnexial pathology, infertility treatment or exploration and to research influencing factors. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Women who beneficiate of laparoscopy for adnexial pathology, infertility treatment or exploration and to research influencing factors were included between 1st January 2010 and 30th June 2012 in this monocentric retrospective study. RESULTS: Four hundred women were included. Day care surgery was possible in 63% of cases. A switch to conventional hospitalization was required for 17% of the women planned for day care surgery. The rate of a second hospitalization in the month following day care procedure was 1% with 0.4% of second surgery for complications. Influencing factors for day care surgery are age, surgeon and time of the surgery. The global satisfaction rate of women was 98%. CONCLUSION: Day care surgery is feasible for women who beneficiate of laparoscopy for adnexial pathology, infertility treatment or exploration. Second hospitalization or surgery for complications is very rare.

[Could we perform quality second trimester ultrasound among obese pregnant women?]. / Peut-on faire des échographies obstétricales de qualité chez les patientes obèses ? Étude monocentrique sur 30 mois.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality of second trimester ultrasound images and their anatomical quality scores among obese women and those with a normal body mass index (BMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study, which took place from 2009 to 2011, included every obese pregnant woman (prepregnancy BMI greater than 30 kg/m(2)) who had an ultrasound examination at 20 to 24 weeks in our hospital and a control group with a normal BMI (20-24.9kg/m(2)) who had the same examination. A single operator evaluated the quality of all images, reviewing the standardized ultrasound planes - three biometric and six anatomical - required by French guidelines and scoring the quality of the six anatomical images. Each image was assessed according to 4-6 criteria, each worth one point. We sought excellent quality, defined as the frequency of maximum points for a given image. RESULTS: The obese group included 223 women and the control group 60. The completion rate for each image was at least 95 % in the control group and 90 % in the obese group, except for diaphragm and right outflow tract images. Overall, the excellence rate varied from 35 % to 92 % in the normal BMI group and 18 % to 58 % in the obese group and was significantly lower in the latter for all images except abdominal circumference (P=0.26) and the spine (P=0.06). Anatomical quality scores were also significantly lower in the obese group (22.3 vs. 27.2 ; P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Image quality and global anatomical scores in second trimester ultrasound scans were significantly lower among obese than normal-weight women.

Factors affecting feasibility and quality of second-trimester ultrasound scans in obese pregnant women.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of completing in one session a second-trimester ultrasound scan in obese pregnant women, to compare the quality of images obtained with those of non-obese women and to analyze factors that can improve the completion rate. METHODS: This prospective study, from 2009 to 2011, included all obese pregnant women (prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2) who had an ultrasound examination at 20-24 weeks in our department, and a control group of pregnant women with normal BMI (20-24.9 kg/m2) who had the same examination. A single operator reviewed the standardized ultrasound images (three biometric and six to assess key anatomical features) required under French guidelines, to assess their presence, evaluate the quality of all images and score the quality of the six anatomical images. Each image was assessed according to between four and six criteria, each worth one point. We sought excellent quality, defined as the frequency of maximum points for a given image type. The factors associated with completing the scan in one session were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The obese group included 223 women and the control group 60; a complete scan in one session was achieved in 70.4% and 81.7% of these, respectively (P = 0.08). The completion rate for each image type was at least 95% in the control group and 90% in the obese group, except for diaphragm and right outflow tract images. Significant factors associated with completing the scan in the multivariate model were: having 10 additional minutes for the scan (P = 0.03), moving the fetus so that the back was in posterior or lateral position (P = 0.01), more experienced sonographer (P = 0.03) and thinner maternal abdominal wall thickness (P = 0.01). Overall, the excellence rate varied from 35% to 92% in the normal BMI group and from 18% to 58% in the obese group, and was significantly lower in the latter for all images except abdominal circumference (P = 0.26) and spine (P = 0.06). Anatomical quality scores were also significantly lower in the obese group (22.3 vs. 27.2; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Although ultrasound scans of obese pregnant women are feasible, image quality and global anatomical scores are significantly lower among obese than normal-weight women. However, certain simple improvements may increase fetal visualization.