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Autism spectrum disorder is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders with unclear etiology and pathogenesis and no cure. Studies have found that the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of autism spectrum disorder. By supplementing with probiotics, diet management or fecal microbial transplantation, the balance of gut microbiota can be adjusted to improve the behaviors and symptoms of patients with autism spectrum disorder. This article reviews from the perspective of regulating the balance of gut microbiota to treat autism spectrum disorder, and aims to provide assistance for the research and treatment of autism spectrum disorder.
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Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) refer to the living bacteria derived from human body intestinal gut or in nature that can be used to treat the human disease. However, the naturally screened living bacteria have some disadvantages, such as deficient therapeutic effect and great divergence, which fall short of the personalized diagnosis and treatment needs. In recent years, with the development of synthetic biology, researchers have designed and constructed several engineered strains that can respond to external complex environmental signals, which speeded up the process of development and application of LBPs. Recombinant LBPs modified by gene editing can have therapeutic effect on specific diseases. Inherited metabolic disease is a type of disease that causes a series of clinical symptoms due to the genetic defect of some enzymes in the body, which may cause abnormal metabolism the corresponding metabolites. Therefore, the use of synthetic biology to design LBPs targeting specific defective enzymes will be promising for the treatment of inherited metabolic defects in the future. This review summarizes the clinic applications of LBPs and its potential for the treatment of inherited metabolic defects.
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Humans , Bacteria/genetics , Gene Editing , Metabolic Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Background: Colorectal adenoma is the precursor lesion of colorectal cancer, and diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer. Aims: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal adenoma in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the risk factors for advanced adenoma. Methods: Seven hundred and eighty T2DM patients who underwent initial colonoscopy from January 2018 to December 2020 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University were enrolled retrospectively, including 227 patients with colorectal adenoma and 553 patients without colorectal polyps. Furthermore, 227 non-diabetic patients with colorectal adenoma who were 1:1 matched to T2DM-adenoma group for gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and smoking history were collected for a comparison study. The clinical and pathological characteristics of T2DM patients with colorectal adenoma were analyzed, and the risk factors for advanced adenoma were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: T2DM patients with colorectal adenoma were older than those without colorectal polyps, and male gender, tobacco smoking, and cholelithiasis/cholecystectomy were more frequently seen in T2DM-adenoma group (all P<0.05). The proportions of multiple adenomas and advanced adenoma in T2DM-adenoma group were greater than those in patients without T2DM (16.7% vs. 10.1%, and 21.6% vs. 14.1%, all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified that male gender (OR=1.299, 95% CI: 1.041-1.831, P=0.008), age (OR=1.129, 95% CI: 1.001-1.421, P=0.025), BMI (OR=1.118, 95% CI: 1.022-1.715, P=0.038) and T2DM (OR=1.408, 95% CI: 1.141-1.721, P=0.010) were the independent risk factors for advanced adenoma. Conclusions: Multiple colorectal adenomas and advanced adenoma are more likely to be detected in patients with T2DM. Male gender, age, BMI and T2DM are associated with the risk of advanced adenoma.
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Objective:To summarize and compare the characteristics of oral microbiota in women during the preconception period and the third trimester.Methods:This retrospective cohort study involved 55 women who were recruited in the Preconceptional Offspring Trajectory Study (PLOTS) conducted by Fudan University and followed up to the third trimester in the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Jiading District of Shanghai from September 2016 to December 2019. A total of 110 unstimulated saliva samples were collected in the preconception period ( n=55) and the third trimester ( n=55). Features of oral microbiota in the samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing. Moreover, the related factors were also analyzed. Paired t test or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test were used to analyze the differences in α-diversity during preconception and the third trimester; t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test for comparison between groups with different characteristics and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PerMANOVA) for β-diversity were used; Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe 1.0) was used to identify the iconic oral flora. Results:(1) The Ace index of oral microbiota was significantly lower in the third trimester than that in the preconception period [661.14(578.15-752.85) vs 730.64 (632.40-911.00), T=1 077.00, P=0.010]. There was also a significance difference in β-diversity ( F=12.539, R2=0.104, P=0.001). Some species such as Saccharibacteria_TM7_G3, Prevotella_7, Absconditabacteria_SR1_G1, Porphyromonas, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella_2, Alloprevotella, Parvimonas, Solobacterium and Eubacterium_nodatum_group in saliva were statistically more abundant in the third trimester than those in the preconception period (all P<0.05). (2) The third-trimester Shannon index was lower among those with lower income [5.44 (5.08-5.77) vs 5.75 (5.44-6.12), U=219.00, P=0.029] and those with gargle habit after meal or dessert [5.36 (4.91-5.48) vs 5.72 (5.44-6.05), U=374.00, P=0.046]. Conclusions:The features of oral microbiota vary in women during the preconception period and the third trimester. There is a significant increase in the abundance of oral pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria in the third trimester.
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High Ct-values falling in the grey zone are frequently encountered in SARS-CoV-2 detection by real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) and have brought urgent challenges in diagnosis of samples with low viral load. Based on the single-stranded DNA reporter trans-cleavage activity by Cas12a upon target DNA recognition, we create a Specific Enhancer for detection of PCR-amplified Nucleic Acids (SENA) to confirm SARS-CoV-2 detection through specifically targeting its rRT-PCR amplicons. SENA is highly sensitive, with its limit of detection being at least 2 copies/reaction lower than that of the corresponding rRT-PCR, and highly specific, which identifies both false-negative and false-positive cases in clinic applications. SENA provides effective confirmation for nucleic acid amplification-based molecular diagnosis, and may immediately eliminate the uncertainty problems of rRT-PCR in SARS-CoV-2 clinic detection. One Sentence SummaryCRISPR-Cas12a-based COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Achieving green and sustainable chemical processes by replacing organic solvents with water has always been one of the green chemistry goals and a challenging topic for chemists. However, the poor solubility of organic materials is a major limitation to achieving this goal, especially in alcohol oxidation. In this contribution, the development and design of amphiphilic catalysts via abundant, safe, cheaper, and more biocompatible sources have received notable attention. To this purpose, herein, our group successfully synthesized a new multifunctional amphiphilic carbon quantum dot (CQD) composed of 1-aminopropyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([APMim][Cl]), dodecylamine (DDA), and citric acid (CA) (denoted as CQDs@DDA-IL/Cl) using a one-pot hydrothermal route. The CQDs@DDA-IL/Cl was then utilized as an amphiphilic stabilizer for anchoring tungsten ions using an anion-exchange method (marked as CQDs@DDA-IL/W). The CQDs@DDA-IL/W as a reusable catalyst selectivity mediated the oxidation of alcoholic substrates with stoichiometric H2O2 in water solvent. The extraordinary performance of our catalyst was attributable to the coexistence of ionic liquid (IL) and DDA upon the surface of the CQDs@DDA-IL/W, which plays a main duty in the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, and significantly increase the catalyst compatibility in the aqueous medium with the purpose of removing organic solvents. As a result, the great mass transfer occurs in the two-phase medium using this amphiphilic nanocatalyst without any phase transfer catalyst (PTC) or other additives. The 100% selectivity, excellent turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF), high yield, almost complete and fast conversion of alcohol to the desired aldehydes and ketones without more oxidation, and easy and no-trouble isolation of product and catalyst are outstanding features of this catalytic system.
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This study was aimed to investigate the effect of sinomenine on the expression of tumor suppressor gene P 16 and P53 in rats with lung cancer.A total of 40 male SD rats were treated by left-lung vein injection of WALKER-256 cell suspension to establish transplanted lung cancer model.After 3 weeks,30 rats screened of tumor were randomly divided into the model group,cyclophosphamide (CP) group and the sinomenine treatment group.Another 10 healthy SD rats were set as the normal control group.Sinomenine treatment group was treated with the subcutaneous injection of 10％ sinomenine hydrochloride for 10 weeks.CP was injected in the CP group as positive control.The same amount of normal saline was injected in the normal control group and the model control group.After 10 weeks of treatments,lung tumors of each group were removed to measure the tumor volume and weight.And the tumor inhibition rate was calculated.Then,flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of WALKER-256 cells in tumor tissues in G1,G2,M and S around four cycles.Immunohistochemistry was adopted to detect positive expression rates of P16 and P53 protein.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect expression of P16mRNA and P53mRNA.The results showed that compared with the model control group,the inhibition rate of sinomenine group was 30.15％;the positive expression rate of P16mRNA and P53mRNA protein were significantly decreased;expressions of P 16mRNA and P53mRNA were lower;tumor volume and tumor weight in S period got down significantly.The rates of cells in G1 and G2 periods got higher (P＜0.05).It was concluded that sinomenine may inhibit the differentiation and proliferation of WALKER-256 transplanted lung cancer cells in rats by regulating the expression of tumor suppressor gene P 16 and P53,regulating the ratio of cells in G1,G2 and S periods.