Identification of PSMD11 as a novel cuproptosis- and immune-related prognostic biomarker promoting lung adenocarcinoma progression.

BACKGROUND: Due to the unfavorable prognosis associated with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapies is essential. Cuproptosis, an emerging form of regulated cell death, is implicated in mitochondrial metabolism and is induced by copper ions. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of cuproptosis- and immune-related genes (CIRGs) in LUAD. METHODS: We used The Cancer Genome Atlas database to develop a prognostic prediction model for LUAD patients based on eight CIRGs. Using Cox regression analysis, we determined that the CIRG signature is a reliable, independent prognostic factor. We further identified PSMD11 as a critical CIRG and performed immunohistochemistry to study the protein expression levels of PSMD11 in LUAD tissues. We also investigated the impact of PSMD11 on the biological behavior of lung cancer cell lines. RESULTS: We found that patients with low PSMD11 expression levels displayed an improved prognosis compared with those with high PSMD11 expression levels. Overexpression of PSMD11 enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth of lung carcinoma cell line A549, while PSMD11 knockdown diminished proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth of lung carcinoma cell line PC9. Additionally, we discovered that PSMD11 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and the increased expression of immunosuppressive molecules. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that PSMD11 may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for LUAD.

Oral Microbiota Linking Associations of Dietary Factors with Recurrent Oral Ulcer.

Recurrent oral ulcer (ROU) is a prevalent and painful oral disorder with implications beyond physical symptoms, impacting quality of life and necessitating comprehensive management. Understanding the interplays between dietary factors, oral microbiota, and ROU is crucial for developing targeted interventions to improve oral and systemic health. Dietary behaviors and plant-based diet indices including the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) were measured based on a validated food frequency questionnaire. Saliva microbial features were profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In this cross-sectional study of 579 community-based participants (aged 22-74 years, 66.5% females), 337 participants had ROU. Participants in the highest tertile of hPDI exhibited a 43% lower prevalence of ROU (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.34-0.94), compared to the lowest tertile, independent of demographics, lifestyle, and major chronic diseases. Participants with ROU tended to have lower oral bacterial richness (Observed ASVs, p < 0.05) and distinct bacterial structure compared to those without ROU (PERMANOVA, p = 0.02). The relative abundances of 16 bacterial genera were associated with ROU (p-FDR < 0.20). Of these, Olsenella, TM7x, and unclassified Muribaculaceae were identified as potential mediators in the association between hPDI and ROU (all p-mediations < 0.05). This study provides evidence of the intricate interplays among dietary factors, oral microbiota, and ROU, offering insights that may inform preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting diets and oral microbiomes.

Association of cigarette smoking with oral bacterial microbiota and cardiometabolic health in Chinese adults.

The interplay among cigarette smoking status, oral microbiota, and cardiometabolic health is poorly understood. We aimed to examine the association of cigarette smoking status with oral microbiota and to assess the association of the identified microbial features with cardiometabolic risk factors in a Chinese population. This study included 587 participants within the Central China Cohort, including 111 smokers and 476 non-smokers, and their oral microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing. Both oral microbial alpha- and beta-diversity were distinct between smokers and non-smokers (p < 0.05). With adjustment for sociodemographics, alcohol and tea drinking, tooth brushing frequency, and body mass index, the relative abundance of nine genera and 26 pathways, including the genus Megasphaera and two pathways involved in inositol degradation which have potentially adverse effects on cardiometabolic health, was significantly different between two groups (FDR q < 0.20). Multiple microbial features related to cigarette smoking were found to partly mediate the associations of cigarette smoking with serum triglycerides and C-reactive protein levels (p-mediation < 0.05). In conclusion, cigarette smoking status may have impacts on the oral microbial features, which may partially mediate the associations of cigarette smoking and cardiometabolic health.

Gut microbiome alterations in pulmonary hypertension in highlanders and lowlanders.

Background: Alterations in the gut microbiota have been observed in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), though whether the roles of the gut microbiota in PH at different altitudes are the same is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the associations of the gut microbiome with PH in highlanders and lowlanders. Methods: PH patients and controls were recruited from those who permanently live on the Tibetan plateau (highlanders) or the plains (lowlanders), and underwent transthoracic echocardiography close to their altitude of residence (at 5070 m for highlanders versus6 m for lowlanders). The gut microbiome was profiled using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Results: In total, 13 PH patients (46% highlanders) and 88 controls (70% highlanders) were included. The overall microbial composition was different in PH patients compared to controls (p=0.003). Notably, among lowlanders, a composite microbial score of pro-atherosclerotic trimethylamine-producing species was increased in PH patients compared with that in controls (p=0.028), while among highlanders no such difference was observed (p=0.087). Another composite gut microbial score including eight species of Lactobacillus, which has shown beneficial effects on cardiovascular functions, was higher in highlanders than lowlanders (p<0.01). Furthermore, this score tended to be lower in PH patients than controls among highlanders (p=0.056) but not among lowlanders (p=0.840). In addition, the gut microbiome showed a good performance in distinguishing PH patients from controls in both lowlanders and highlanders. Conclusions: Our study reported differently altered gut microbiome profiles between highland and lowland PH patients, highlighting the distinct microbial mechanism in PH in highlanders compared with lowlanders.

Relative Validity and Reproducibility of Dietary Measurements Assessed by a Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire among Chinese Healthy Adults.

This study aimed to evaluate the relative validity and reproducibility of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) in adult populations in China. Among the 49 recruited healthy participants (age range: 20-60 years), the relative validity of a 79-item SFFQ was assessed in two ways: (1) by comparing its dietary intake estimates with those from the average measurements of three inconsecutive 24 h dietary records (24-HDRs); and (2) by comparing its estimates of dietary fatty acids with the measured plasma levels of fatty acids. The reproducibility of the SFFQ was evaluated by a comparison of two SFFQ measurements from the same participants collected one year apart. In the relative validity study, the average Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was 0.27 among 18 prespecified food group intakes estimated from the SFFQ and the 24-HDRs; nevertheless, that of five food group intakes (e.g., red meat and seafood) was higher (all rs > 0.40, p < 0.05). In addition, a moderate correlation between the SFFQ estimate of polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes (energy-adjusted percentage of total fatty acids) and its plasma level was observed (r = 0.42, p < 0.05). Regarding the one-year reproducibility of the SFFQ-assessed intakes, the average rank intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.35 for the 18 food group estimates. In particular, moderately reproducible estimates of seven food group intakes (e.g., refined grains and red meat, all ICCs ≥ 0.40, p < 0.05) were observed. In conclusion, the SFFQ provides valid and reproducible estimates of dietary intakes for various food groups in general and performs well as a potential tool for estimating habitual dietary intakes of some unsaturated fatty acids.

Interleukin-17D promotes lung cancer progression by inducing tumor-associated macrophage infiltration via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Cancer immunoediting is defined as the integration of the immune system's dual host-protective and tumor-promoting roles, including three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Immune selective pressure causes tumor cells to lose major histocompatibility complex expression or acquire immunosuppressive gene expression, which promotes tumor immune evasion and tumor progression. Interleukin-17D (IL-17D), a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines, plays an important role in the host defense against infection and inflammation. However, the role of IL-17D in the progression of lung cancer remains unclear. In this study, we found that IL-17D was highly expressed in human lung cancer, and increased IL-17D expression was associated with tumor stage and short overall survival. IL-17D overexpression significantly promoted tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft mouse models but only slightly affected cell proliferation in vitro. Using flow cytometry, we found that IL-17D overexpression enhances the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages to the tumor microenvironment. Based on the expression profile of IL17D-overexpressing A549 cells, we found that IL-17D increased the expression levels of macrophage polarization- and recruitment-related genes through the MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of the p38 pathway blocked macrophage infiltration induced by IL-17D. These results suggest that IL-17D regulates the tumor immune microenvironment via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, highlighting IL-17D as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.

Differential Associations of Intakes of Whole Grains and Coarse Grains with Risks of Cardiometabolic Factors among Adults in China.

There is a lack of studies on the association between whole grain intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in China and the current definition of whole grains is inconsistent. This study defined whole grains in two ways, Western versus traditional, and examined their associations with the risks of major cardiometabolic factors (CMFs) among 4706 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years, who participated in surveys both in 2011 and in 2015. Diet data were collected by consecutive 3 d 24 h recalls, together with household seasoning weighing. Whole grains were defined as grains with a ratio of fiber to carbohydrate of ≥0.1, while coarse grains were defined as grains except for rice and its products, and wheat and its products. Multivariable logistic regressions were modeled to analyze the associations of intakes of whole grains and coarse grains, respectively, with risks of major CMFs including obesity-, blood pressure-, blood glucose- and lipid-related factors, which were defined by International Diabetes Federation and AHA/NHLBI criteria. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of elevated LDL-C decreased with the increasing intake levels of whole grains (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46−0.88, p-trend < 0.05). Moreover, adults with the whole grain intake of 50.00 to 150.00 g/day had 27% lower odds of overweight and obesity (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54−0.99) and 31% lower odds of elevated LDL-C (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49−0.96), as compared with non-consumers. In conclusion, given the significant nutrient profiles of whole grains and coarse grains, the adults with higher intakes of whole grains only may have a lower risk of LDL-C and overweight and obesity.

Dietary Patterns Are Associated With Multi-Dimensional Cognitive Functions Among Adults Aged 55 and Older in China.

BACKGROUND: The intake of certain food and nutrients may play a crucial role in cognitive health. However, research on the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive function is limited. This study aims to investigate the associations between dietary patterns and multi-dimensional cognitive functions, such as global cognitive status and related domain profiles, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and four major subtypes of Chinese adults. METHODS: Using the baseline data from the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases (2018-2019), we selected 4,309 Chinese adults aged 55 years and older as subjects with complete diet, cognition, and other related data. We collected food data for the past 12 months with a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Diving 49 food items into 13 subgroups, we used factor analysis to derive the main dietary patterns. We evaluated cognitive functions based on the scores of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and used quantile regression and multivariable logistic regression to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive-related outcomes. RESULTS: We identified four dietary patterns, explaining 50.11% of the total variance: "meat-preferred" pattern, "plant-preferred" pattern, "eggs- and dairy-preferred" pattern, and "grain-preferred" pattern. After adjusting for all potential confounders, the "meat-preferred" pattern and the "plant-preferred" pattern were associated with higher scores of global cognition and several cognitive domains (p <0.05), while the "grain-preferred" pattern was associated with lower scores of global cognition (ß = -0.36, p <0.05), execution (ß = -0.19, p <0.05), visuospatial (ß = -0.09, p <0.05), and language (ß = -0.05, p <0.05). Adults adhering to the "meat-preferred" pattern and the "plant-preferred" pattern had decreased odds of MCI and some MCI subtypes (p-trend <0.05); in contrast, those in the top quartiles of the "grain-preferred" pattern had increased odds of MCI [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11-1.63, p-trend = 0.003]. CONCLUSIONS: Adhering to the "plant-preferred" pattern and the "meat-preferred" pattern may help improve the multi-dimensional cognitive functions; on the contrary, adhering to the "grain-preferred" pattern may worse cognitive health. More prospective studies in this field are needed to strengthen the evidence.

[Snacking behaviors of Chinese female adults aged 18 to 49 years old in 2004-2015].

OBJECTIVE: To describe shift in snacking behavior among Chinese female adults aged 18 to 49 years old in 2004-2015, and to analyze the contribution of snacks to energy and nutrients among them. METHODS: The present study used data from "China Health and Nutrition Health" where a multistage stratified cluster design was employed to select a stratified probability sample. A total of 12 523 female participants aged 18-49 years old who participated in surveys conducted in 2004-2015 with completed data of demographic characteristics and dietary measurementswere selectedas subjects. There were 2376, 2149, 2142, 2844 and 3012 subjects in waves of 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, and 2015, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and snack consumption. Generalized linear model was used to analyze the energy and nutrient intake of snack consumers and non-snack consumers, as well as the contribution of snacks to energy and nutrients. RESULTS: The consumption rate of snacking for women aged 18 to 49 years old had an increasing trend over time(P<0.05), and the rate was 14.24% in 2015, 3.5 times as high as that in 2004. Participants aged 18 to 29 years old whose snake consumption rates were relatively higher compared to those of other aged groups in general waves; also, female adults from the higher education group, the higher yearly income group, and the higher urbanicity index group, and those with the history of smoking or the alcohol use tended to consumed snacks. The change of the influential factors in relation to the consumption of the participant's snack was observed, and age, income level, education level, living area, and the behavior of smoking and drinking were all important factors of snacking. The daily energy and nutrient intake of female snack consumers aged 18 to 49 years old was higher than that of non-snack consumers. The contribution rate of snacks to energy and nutrients varies significantly between survey years; and the contribution of snacks to energy and main nutrients was more than 20% in 2011. CONCLUSION: Snacks have become an important part of the diet of Chinese women aged 18 to 49 years old. Future health promotion programs should be targeted on nutrition education and intervention to guide a reasonable diet structure.

Spi-B Promotes the Recruitment of Tumor-Associated Macrophages via Enhancing CCL4 Expression in Lung Cancer.

Tumor immune escape plays a critical role in malignant tumor progression and leads to the failure of anticancer immunotherapy. Spi-B, a lymphocyte lineage-specific Ets transcription factor, participates in mesenchymal invasion and favors metastasis in human lung cancer. However, the mechanism through which Spi-B regulates the tumor immune environment has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that Spi-B enhanced the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment using subcutaneous mouse models and clinical samples of human lung cancer. Spi-B overexpression increased the expression of TAM polarization- and recruitment-related genes, including CCL4. Moreover, deleting CCL4 inhibited the ability of Spi-B promoting macrophage infiltration. These data suggest that Spi-B promotes the recruitment of TAMs to the tumor microenvironment via upregulating CCL4 expression, which contributes to the progression of lung cancer.

Diet-Cognition Associations Differ in Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes.

Cognitive function is not generally associated with diet, and there is debate over that association. Moreover, little is known about such associations with the specific cognitive domains and subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We analyzed data of 4309 Chinese adults aged 55 and over from the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases from 2018-2019. Dietary habits were assessed at inclusion using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive function of the participants was measured by using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Analyses were performed using multiple logistic regression and quantile regression with adjustment for socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors. Compared with normal cognition participants, those with a worse cognition state were characterized as being an older age and lower economic level. After adjustment for potential factors, participants with higher consumption of rice, legumes, fresh vegetables, fresh fruit, pork, poultry, fish, and nuts tended to have higher scores of global cognitive function and domains, and to have lower odds of MCI, while those with higher consumption levels of wheat and eggs had worse cognition, compared with the corresponding bottom consumption level of each food. Participants with a medium consumption level of beef or mutton had 57% (OR: 1.57, 95%CI: 1.07-2.32) higher odds of aMCI-SD, whereas they had 50% (OR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.34-0.73) lower odds of naMCI-MD. Similarly, the highest consumption level of dairy was positively associated with the odds of aMCI-SD (OR:1.51, 95%CI:1.00-2.29), but inversely linked to the odds of naMCI-SD (OR: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.38-0.93) and naMCI-MD (OR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.29-0.82). Most diet global cognitive benefits were observed to be associated with the preexisting higher consumption of rice, legumes, fresh vegetables, fresh fruit, meat, and nuts. In addition, the heterogeneity of associations between the consumption of certain foods and MCI subtypes was observed among Chinese adults aged over 55 years. These cross-sectional observations require validation in prospective studies.

[Cognition function and its influencing factors among people aged 55 and above in 4 provinces of China from 2018 to 2019].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current situation of cognition function of people aged 55 and above in 4 provinces of China, and to explore its influencing factors of demographic characteristics. METHODS: Using the baseline data of the "Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases", middle-aged and older populations aged ≥55 years with completed data on demographic and economic factors and the cognitive function scale were selected as study subjects. A total of 5103 subjects were included in the study(male 2294, female 2809, 55-64 years old 1875, 65-74 years old 2197, 75-94 years old 1031). Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was adopted, and survey subjects were selected from a total of 32 communities in Hebei, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Hunan provinces. The baseline data obtained from a face-to-face questionnaire survey was entered using electronic tablets on the spot. Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) and activities of daily living scale(ADL) were used to determine mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and its subtypes. Multiple linear regression and multiple Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function in populations. RESULTS: Among middle-aged and elderly Chinese populations, the score of overall cognitive function and its sub-domains were 21. 79±6. 17, 11. 20±4. 18(memory), 8. 81±3. 31(execution), 5. 33±1. 76(visual-spatial ability), 4. 53±1. 40(language), 13. 32±3. 98(attention) and 5. 54±0. 95(orientation). The prevalence of MCI and its subtypes were 35. 86%, 4. 57%(amnestic MCI single domain, aMCI-SD), 3. 64%(nonamnestic MCI single domain, naMCI-SD), 6. 68%(amnestic MCI multiple domains, aMCI-MD) and 3. 94%(nonamnestic MCI multiple domains, naMCI-MD). Subjects aged ≥55 years, living in rural areas, or with per capita monthly household income less than 1000 yuan had lower score of overall cognitive function and its sub-domains(P<0. 05), and also had lower prevalence of MCI and its subtypes. The OR of MCI, naMCI-SD, aMCI-MD and naMCI-MD was 2. 38(95% CI 1. 98-2. 86), 1. 54(95% CI 1. 01-2. 34), 2. 30(95% CI 1. 65-3. 20) and 3. 11(95% CI 2. 07-4. 69) respectively in subjects aged ≥75 years versus those aged 55-64 years, and of MCI, naMCI-SD and aMCI-MD was 3. 02(95%CI 2. 48-3. 66), 4. 30(95%CI 2. 69-6. 88) and 2. 62(95%CI 1. 81-3. 79) respectively in those living in rural areas versus those living in city areas. Subjects with higher per capita monthly household income had lower ORs of MCI and its subtypes. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of MCI among people aged 55 and above in four provinces in China is at a relatively high level. In the studied 4 provinces of China, about 35% of Chinese middle-aged and elderly populations are affected by MCI. The status of overall cognitive function and its sub-domains of subjects aged 75 years and above, living rural areas and with lower per capita monthly household income are poor, and they may have a higher risk of MCI and its subtypes.

Intra-Individual Double Burden of Malnutrition among Adults in China: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2015.

Few studies have focused on quantifying the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) phenomenon in China. We aimed to clarify the prevalence of DBM among Chinese adults as well as to examine whether usual daily dietary micronutrient status varies by body mass index (BMI) categories. In this study, a sample of 6602 adults aged 18-59 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was analyzed. Information was obtained on dietary intake and anthropometric measurements. Dietary intakes of 11 micronutrients were estimated based on the data collected by three consecutive days of 24 h recalls combined with the weighing of household seasonings. Dietary micronutrient deficiency was defined according to the cutoff of the Chinese estimated average requirement (EARs). 44% of Chinese adults faced the problem of DBM, of which nearly 40% experienced overweight/obesity and micronutrient deficiency simultaneously. Comparable percentages (>50%) of Chinese adults had dietary intake less than the Chinese EARs for key micronutrients including retinol, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, selenium, zinc, and magnesium, and the percentages varied by body weight status. More than 80% participants had at least two selected vitamin or mineral deficiencies in all BMI categories. These findings indicate that Chinese adults have a high DBM and micronutrient inadequacies prevail among and within gender and all BMI categories. All body weight groups need advice on the changing needs for dietary variety to ensure optimal health.

Moderate Intake of Lean Red Meat was Associated with Lower Risk of Elevated Blood Pressure in Chinese Women: Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, 1991-2015.

This study aimed to examine longitudinal associations between fatty and lean, fresh red meat intake and blood pressure (BP) in Chinese adults. The data were from nine waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991-2015), a longitudinal, open cohort study. The surveys were conducted in 303 urban and rural communities of 15 provinces in China. Collected by consecutive three-day 24-h dietary recalls combined with household weighing for foods or only condiments, the diet exposure of interest was daily red meat intake and its subtypes (fatty versus lean) defined by 10-g fat content per 100 g. The main outcome was systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and risk of elevated BP defined as having a mean of SBP ≥ 135 mmHg, DBP ≥ 85 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. Three-level mixed-effect regressions showed women had SBP increases of 2.19 mmHg (95% CI: 1.07, 4.46) from a higher intake of total fresh red meat, 2.42 mmHg (95% CI: 1.18, 4.94) from a higher intake of fatty, fresh red meat, as well as 0.48 mmHg (95% CI: 0.26, 0.88) from a higher intake of lean, fresh red meat in the top tertile versus bottom one when adjusted for potential confounders. After adjusting for survey years, women with the highest tertile of lean, fresh red meat intake had a 32% lower risk of elevated BP (OR 0.68, 95%CI:0.48, 0.96) as compared with those with the first tertile (non-consumer). Fatty and lean, fresh red meat intakes were differentially associated with BP among Chinese adults. Further research is required to elicit the potential mechanism on gender-specific differential association of fatty versus lean, fresh red meat with BP.

Threshold-Effect Association of Dietary Cholesterol Intake with Dyslipidemia in Chinese Adults: Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2015.

The association of dietary cholesterol intake with dyslipidemia and subtypes is controversial. This study aimed to examine the association of dietary cholesterol intake with dyslipidemia and subtypes in Chinese adults. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2015, the present study selected 4383 participants aged 18-59 years who were free of diabetes, apoplexy, and myocardial infarction disease. Information was obtained on dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and blood laboratory measurements. Dietary cholesterol intake was calculated based on the data collected by consecutive 3 days 24 h recalls combined with the weighing of household seasonings and categorized by 11 levels: The first 10 levels in ranges of 50 mg/day and the 11th level at ≥500 mg/day. Dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-hypercholesterolemia, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-hypocholesterolemia were defined based on the Chinese adult dyslipidemia prevention guide (2016 edition). Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine the association of dietary cholesterol intake levels with dyslipidemia and subtypes. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 37.5% among Chinese adults in 2015 (hypercholesterolemia 9.6%, HDL-hypocholesterolemia 21.1%, LDL-hypercholesterolemia 12.7%, and hypertriglyceridemia 15.2%). The lowest prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and LDL-hypercholesterolemia was 6.7% and 9.4%, respectively, which was relative to a dietary cholesterol intake level of 100.0 to <150.0 mg/day. After adjusting for all potential confounders, adults with the highest dietary cholesterol intake level of ≥500 mg/day compared with the dietary cholesterol intake of 100.0 to <150.0 mg/day showed one-time higher odds of hypercholesterolemia (odds ratios (OR) 2.0, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.3-3.3), as well as LDL-hypercholesterolemia (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.0), but a null association of dietary cholesterol intake with dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and HDL-hypocholesterolemia. The study suggested that a dietary cholesterol intake level of 500 mg/day and above may be a threshold point for high odds of hypercholesterolemia and LDL-hypercholesterolemia.

[Retinopathy of prematurity screening in 2185 premature infants].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among premature infants. METHODS: The fundus examination data of 2185 cases of premature infants [birth body weight ≤ 2000 g or gestational age (GA) ≤ 34 weeks] in neonatal intensive care unit of Bayi Children's Hospitals in Beijing between January 2009 and December 2010 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Of 2185 cases of premature infants (1571 had used supplemental oxygen) received RetCam-II ophthalmoscopy screening, 287 cases developed ROP with the incidence of 13.1% according to the international classification of ROP (ICROP), including 34 cases (11.9%) suffering from zone I, 147 cases (51.2%) from zone II, and 106 cases (36.9%) from zone III. Stage 1, 2 and 3 lesions were 117 cases, 142 cases and 28 cases, accounting for 40.8%, 49.5% and 9.7%, respectively, while stage 4 and stage 5 lesions were not found. Thirty-six cases developed plus disease, accounting for 12.5%. Between ROP and Non-ROP groups, there were significant differences in birth weight (1269.9 ± 380.0) g vs (1479.7 ± 359.3) g vs (1633.9 ± 352.3) g, gestational age (30.6 ± 2.0) g vs (32.4 ± 1.8) W and time of supplemental oxygen [Median 10 d (0 to 71 d) vs 2 d (0 to 36 d)]. Among zone I, II and III groups, there were significant differences in birth weight (1269.9 ± 380.0) g vs (1479.7 ± 359.3) g vs (1633.9 ± 352.3) g, gestational age (29.3 ± 2.2) W vs (30.5 ± 1.9) W vs (31.2 ± 1.8) W and time of supplemental oxygen[Median 14 d (0 to 52 d)vs 10 d (0 to 71 d) vs 8 d (0 to 52 d)] (χ(2) = 257.5, 371.7, 6.695; P < 0.05), while among stage 1, 2 and 3 groups, there were also significant differences in birth weight (1593.3 ± 413.7) g vs (1481.3 ± 336.7) g vs (1325.3 ± 313.7) g, gestational age (30.9 ± 2.0) W vs (30.6 ± 1.9) W vs (29.5 ± 1.7) W and time of supplemental oxygen [Median 8 d (0 to 52 d) vs 11 d (0 to 65 d) vs 12 d (0 to 71 d)] (χ(2) = 230.8, 273.5, 6.695; P < 0.05). In 1004 cases admitted in 2009, 150 developed ROP with the incidence of 14.9%; while in 1181 cases admitted in 2010, 137 developed ROP with the incidence of 11.6%. There was significant differences in the incidence of ROP between these two years (χ(2) = 5.305, P < 0.05). Thirty-eight infants (1.7%) received laser therapy and only 3 infants progressed to stage 4 after laser therapy. Three infants with laser failed stopped progress after vasectomy. Finally, all patients were cured without blindness. CONCLUSIONS: Less birth weight, shorter GA and time of supplemental oxygen are close related to the development of ROP. It is necessary to pay high attention to the screen on premature infants with smaller gestation age, lower birth weight or using oxygen for the reduction or even avoid of blindness.