Distribution of Pseudorabies Virus Antigen in Hunting Dogs with Concurrent Paragonimus westermani Infection.

Following isolation of pseudorabies virus (PRV) from two hunting dogs in Oita prefecture, Japan, we investigated the PRV antigen distribution in the tissues of the infected animals. At necropsy, PRV-associated lesions included facial oedema, tonsillar and meningeal congestion, blotchy haemorrhages on the pericardium and mitral valves, and incomplete splenic contraction in one dog, with less prominent findings in the other dog. Multiple pulmonary nodules were seen in both cases, caused by the diploid form of Paragonimus westermani lung flukes, as confirmed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and gene sequencing analyses. Histological examination revealed that the PRV infection was associated with lesions of non-suppurative encephalitis in the brainstem. PRV antigen was detected in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, submucosal and myenteric plexuses, and mononuclear cells, mainly in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, tonsils and spleen tissues. There was evidence of PRV dissemination to the brain via the trigeminal or olfactory routes, in addition to possible spread to lymphoid organs via infected mononuclear cells.

Immunohistochemical and Morphological Features of Bovine Granulosa Cell Tumours in Relation to Growth Pattern and Folliculogenesis.

Granulosa cell tumours (GCTs) are the most common type of bovine ovarian neoplasm. We describe the morphological and immunohistochemical features of GCTs (n = 26) and a thecoma (n = 1) using antibodies to cytokeratin AE1/AE3, vimentin, desmin, nectin-4, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin α, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The results indicate that, based on the expression similarity of AE1/AE3 and inhibin α, the macrofollicular growth pattern of GCTs derives from highly differentiated granulosa cells (GCs), the Graafian follicle or early atretic follicle. The trabecular growth pattern of GCTs is inferred to be derived from GCs of the atretic follicle in mature animals. AMH is a useful marker for diagnosing bovine sex cord-stromal tumours because it was expressed in all GCT cases and in the single case of thecoma.