ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effect of duloxetine on stress urinary incontinence (SUI) episode frequency (IEF) per week IEF. Methods: In this clinical trial, 100 women aged 20-80 years with urinary incontinence were assessed based on the standard questionnaire of urinary tract disorders. All the patients received a placebo for 2 weeks. Patients were then randomly divided into two groups of 50 patients each, receiving duloxetine (40 mg twice a day for 12 weeks) and placebo. The two groups were compared in terms of IEF and the mean score of quality of life and side effects. Results: The two groups of duloxetine and placebo recipients were matched at the beginning of the study in terms of age, BMI, IEF, parity, and type of delivery. IEF significantly decreased in the duloxetine recipient group compared to the placebo group. The mean score of quality of life in the duloxetine recipient group increased significantly. The rate of study abandonment in the duloxetine recipient group was significantly higher than in the placebo group. Vertigo was the most common complication that caused patients to discontinue the use of the drug. Conclusion: Duloxetine is therapeutically effective for SUI in women. Patients should be provided information regarding potential side effects and their management.
ABSTRACT
Objective: HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), which is secreted by cytotrophoblast cells, plays an important role in improving pregnancy outcomes among patients with infertility or related problems. In this study, we evaluate the effect of intrauterine hCG injection prior to frozen embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: In this clinical trial study, among women with infertility problems referred to (XXX) and those with frozen embryos were included in the study. 155 patients in the intervention group received 500 units of hCG while 157 in control group received saline prior to embryo transfer. Along with demographic data, successful in vitro fertilization and clinical pregnancy, loss of pregnancy, successful transplantation, and biochemical parameters were compared among the two groups. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 32.97 ± 3.31 years. The level of anti-Mullerian hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and the grade of frozen embryos were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). The rate of laboratory pregnancy in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group (51% vs 35%), p = 0.006. The rate of successful implantation and clinical pregnancy in the intervention group was also significantly higher, p = 0.01 and p = 0.006, respectively. Overall loss of pregnancy in intervention group was 78.1% and 86.0% in control group which was not significantly different, p = 0.068. Conclusion: The outcomes of our study showed that 500 IU of hCG prior to embryo transfer improves the rate of clinical and laboratory pregnancy. However, it does not reduce the rate of loss of pregnancy. Further studies are therefore required in this area.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two regimens of metformin and insulin therapy on postpartum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: In this single-blind randomized clinical trial (RCT), a total number of 60 pregnant women meeting the inclusion criteria were assigned to two groups with a randomized block design (RBD): insulin therapy (IT) group (30 patients) and metformin therapy (MT) group (30 patients). At baseline, the data were comprised of prenatal maternal age, gestational age, GDM diagnosis, and maternal weight/height. During the postpartum period, 5-cc blood samples were taken from the pregnant women concerned to analyze their fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels. Then, the patients were asked to come back four days and six weeks later after delivery to check the OGTT results. At six weeks postpartum, in addition to OGTT, the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test was performed for all mothers. Finally, six weeks after delivery, these mothers were evaluated with regard to weight loss and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Six weeks postpartum, the maternal weight and BMI significantly decreased in the MT group compared with the IT one, while there was no significant difference between both groups at baseline. On the fourth day, the OGTT results in the MT group were significantly lower in comparison with those in the IT group (p=0.012). At sixth weeks postpartum, the OGTT results were comparably lower in the MT group than those reported for the IT one; however, such a difference was not statistically significant (p=0.087). CONCLUSIONS: According to the study results, metformin could be an effective and safe treatment for pregnant women suffering from GDM instead of insulin therapy.